• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of water extract from Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb on plasma lipid and glucose in rats fed high fat diet. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into control diet group(C), high fat diet group(HF), high fat diet and 5% water extracts from Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb group(HFE I), high fat diet and 10% water extract from Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb group(HFE II). Weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, plasma lipid concentration and glucose were determined for 10 weeks during high fat diet. Results : In this experiment, body weight and food efficiency were significantly increase in high fat diet. High fat diet group showed elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid. Consumption of 10% water extract Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb lowers level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid. But levels of plasma triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and glucose did not affect by high fat diet and water extract Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb Conclusions : In these results, water extract Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb in high fat diet group decreased plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid. Thus the Paeonia Lactiflora Pasll. with medicinal herb might be useful in the treatment of hyperlipemia.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1996

Effect of glucose addition to xylose medium on xylitol production was investigated by using Candida parapsilosis ATCC 21019 mutant. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose in total amount of 50 g/l as glucose and/or xylose, xylitol production was decreased but ethanol and glycerol production were increased. Ethanol and glycerol concentration were maxmum in 10 g/l of xylose and 40 g/l of glucose medium as 21.5 g/l and 3.6 g/l, respecti- vely. No xylitol was formed in glucose medium without xylose because xylitol could be not produced from glucose. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose, the activity of xylose reductase which converted xylose to xylitol were decreased. The activities of xylitol dehydrogeiiase which converted xylitol to xylulose and then cell materials were found to be constant regardless of the ratio of glucose to xylose. This results indicated that glucose addition to xylose medium on cell growth was not affected. In order to prevent the inhibitory effect of glucose on xylitol production, glucose in a fermentor was fed with low concentration and then ethanol and glycerol was critically decreased and the xylitol yield from xylose of the culture with glucose feeding was recovered the almost same as that with only 50 g/l of xylose. However, the xylitol yield from total sugars (xylose and glucose) was decreased and glucose was not contributed to xylitol production. Therefore, the fermentation at high concentration of xylose without glucose was carried out. A final xylitol concentration of 242 g/l which corresponding 80.7% of xylitol yield was obtained from 300 g/l of xylose for 273 hours.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.224-228
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• 1990

Cabbage contained high peroxidase activity among tested plant sources. The cabbage peroxi-dase can replace horseradish peroxidase to assay glucose with glucose oxidase. The amount of glucose can be determined quantitatively by glucose oxidase-cabbage peroxidase. The opti-mum pH and temperature for enzymatic glucose determination by glucose oxidase-cabbage peroxidase were 6.0 and 35-45$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The glucose assay was inhibited by addition of various metal salts such as mercuric chloride lead acetate silver nitrate ammonium molyb-date sodium tunstate and cupric sulfate. The relationship between absorbance and amount of glucose was linear up to 8.33 mM glucose in the assay mixture under the assay conditions.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bangkibokryeong-tang (BBT, Fangjifuling-tang) on blood glucose and body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups- normal diet-fed control (ND), high-fat diet-fed control (HFD), HFD+BBT 75, HFD+BBT 150, and HFD+olistat as a positive drug control group. Markers of obesity, such as body weight, organ weight, diet efficiency, and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid content, leptin, adiponectin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood glucose, and insulin, were measured. Furthermore, results of the oral glucose tolerance test and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity were examined in obese mice. Results Mice treated with BBT demonstrate lower body and organ weight, and reduced weight gain and food efficiency than that in the HFD-only control group. In addition, BBT decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and the levels of enzymes such as GOT, GPT, and LDH in the serum. Furthermore, the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and leptin were decreased in the serum but the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin were increased in the BBT-treated group compared with the control group. The BBT-treated group also demonstrated decreased blood glucose and insulin concentrations induced by feeding on a high-fat diet and improved glucose tolerance. Conclusions Based on the results above, BBT may reduce body fat and hyperglycemia in HFD-induced obesity. This suggests that BBT may be clinically useful in the treatment of obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

We examined the effect of leptin on the insulin resistance in skeletal muscles by measuring the glucose transport. Male Wistar rats were fed with chow or high-fat diets for 30 days. Three days before sacrifice, high-fat fed rats were subcutaneously injected with leptin (1 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days. The glucose transports in the epitrochlearis and soleus muscle were not different among the experimental groups under basal state, however these were decreased significantly in the high fat-diet rats under insulin-stimulation (p＜0.01). Leptin treatment recovered the decreased glucose transport in the epitrochlearis (p＜0.05) and soleus (p=0.08). Triglyceride concentration in the soleus muscle was increased significantly in the high fat-fed rats, compared to chow diet rats (p＜0.01), and it was decreased significantly by leptin treatment (p＜0.01). The glucose transport was measured under basal and $60{\mu}u/ml$ of insulin with or without 50 ng/ml of leptin. Leptin had no direct stimulatory effect on glucose transport under both basal and insulin-stimulated conditions in vitro. These results demonstrate that leptin injection to high fat diet fed rats recovered impaired insulin responsiveness of the skeletal muscles and muscle triglyceride concentration. However, there was no direct stimulatory effect of leptin on insulin sensitivity of the skeletal muscle in vitro.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2016

Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) affect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this eff ect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It has been demonstrated that chronic exposure to high glucose impaired endothelial functions. However, specific effects of short-term exposure to high glucose on vascular reactivity are controversial. Moreover, the combined effects of other metabolic substrates such as free fatty acids (FFA) on vascular reactivity remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the effects of short-term exposure to high glucose with or without other metabolic substrates including FFAs termed "nutrition full" (NF) solution, on mesenteric (MA) and deep femoral arteries (DFA) of rats. Arterial ring segments were mounted in a double-wire myograph. Contraction in response to phenylephrine (PhE) was determined in control (5 mM) and high glucose (23 mM, HG) environments over a 30 min period. In both arteries, PhE-inducedvasocontraction was enhanced by pre-incubation of HG solution. A combined incubation with HG and palmitic acid ($100{\mu}M$) induced similar sensitization of PhE-contractions in both arteries. In contrast, high $K^+$-induced contractions were not affected by HG. Interestingly, pre-incubation with NF solution decreased PhE-induced contraction in MA but increased the contraction in DFA. In NF solution, the HG-induced facilitation of PhE-contraction was not observed in MA. Furthermore, the PhE-induced contraction of DFA was attenuated by HG in NF solution. Our results demonstrate that the sensitization of PhE-induced arterial contraction by HG is differentially affected by other metabolic substrates. The conversation of skeletal arterial contractility by HG in NF solution requires careful interpretation of the previous in vitro studies where only glucose is included in physiological salt solutions. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inconsistent effect of NF solution on MA and DFA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2013

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a potent pro-fibrotic factor, which is implicated in fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) induction in diabetic cardiovascular complications. It is an important downstream mediator in the fibrotic action of transforming growth factor ${\beta}$ ($TGF{\beta}$) and is potentially induced by hyperglycemia in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify the signaling pathways of CTGF effects on ECM accumulation and cell proliferation in VSMCs under hyperglycemia. We found that high glucose stimulated the levels of CTGF mRNA and protein and followed by VSMC proliferation and ECM components accumulation such as collagen type 1, collagen type 3 and fibronectin. By depleting endogenous CTGF we showed that CTGF is indispensable for the cell proliferation and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. In addition, pretreatment with the MEK1/2 specific inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126 potently inhibited the CTGF production and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, knockdown with ERK1/2 MAPK siRNA resulted in significantly down regulated of CTGF production, ECM components accumulation and cell proliferation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Finally, ERK1/2 signaling regulated Egr-1 protein expression and treatment with recombinant CTGF reversed the Egr-1 expression in high glucose-induced VSMCs. It is conceivable that ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating CTGF expression and suggests that blockade of CTGF through ERK1/2 MAPK signaling may be beneficial for therapeutic target of diabetic cardiovascular complication such as atherosclerosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and in diabetes complications, such as nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic neuropathy, which is the most frequent complications of diabetes, affect sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. This study aimed to investigate whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against high glucose-induced toxicity. In the current study, we found that diabetic patients exhibited higher lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress than healthy subjects. 7,8-DHF exhibits superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. High glucose-induced toxicity severely damaged SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization; however, 7,8-DHF recovered mitochondrial polarization. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF effectively modulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) under high glucose, thus inhibiting the activation of caspase signaling pathways. These results indicate that 7,8-DHF has antioxidant effects and protects cells from apoptotic cell death induced by high glucose. Thus, 7,8-DHF may be developed into a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

Objective : This study is effects of Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ and Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture on serum glucose and lipid composition were investigated in high fat diet induced diabetic rat. Results : Plasma glucose, free fatty acids and $\beta-lipoprotein$ concentration showed a high reduction in acupuncture groups compared to those of control group and in the acupuncture groups, Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ acupuncture groups showed a low values than Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture group. Plasma triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration showed a tendency to decrease in the acupuncture groups, however these values showed no significantly different among acupuncture groups. Total cholesterol concentration showed a high reduction in acupuncture groups and in acupuncture groups, Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ acupuncture groups showed a lower values than Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture group. HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a higher values in all acupuncture groups than control group, however these values no significantly different in all acupuncture groups.