• Title/Summary/Keyword: high fat diets

Search Result 585, Processing Time 0.021 seconds

Functional Characteristics of Soybean Oligosaccharide (콩 함유 올리고당의 기능적 특성)

  • 정명근;이재철
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.48
    • /
    • pp.58-64
    • /
    • 2003
  • To enjoy a healthy life, it is important to have a well-balanced diet. However, in today's society, there is an increase in the consumption of preprocessed foods and frequency of eating out. Also the western diet, which is becoming move popular worldwide, contains relatively high levels of protein and fat, and a low amount of fiber, Furthermore, the increased availability of favorite foods has created a condition were the individual diet is less variable. With these conditions, it is difficult to maintain a diet that is nutritionally balanced. With these unbalanced diets, which are difficult to change, there has been an increase in adult disease and health problems, such as colon and breast cancer, It is speculated that metabolites for carcinogens are produced from diet components and that intestinal bacteria contribute to the production of these metabolites. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the relationships between health, diet, and intestinal microflora. Soybean oligosaccharide is composed of water-soluble saccharides that have been extracted from soybean whey, a by-product from the production of soy protein. This is mainly a mixture of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasac-charides, with the principle components being the oligosaccharide raffinose and stachyose. When consumed by humans, the oligosaccharides cannot be digested in the human duodenal and small intestinal mucosa, and these are selectively utilized by beneficial bifidobacteria in intestines. The results of acute and subacute toxicity tests, soy-bean oligosaccharides were nonpoisonous. Soybean oligosaccharides promote the growth of indigenous bifido-bacteria in the colon which by their antagonistic effects, suppress the activity of putrefactive bacteria. Also, they reduce toxic metabolites, detrimental enzymes and plasma lipid, and increase in the frequency of bowel evacuation and fecal quantities. Consequently, soybean oligosaccharides as functional foods components have potential roles in the prevention and medical treatment of chronic adult diseases. The study of processing property and physiological function of soybean oligosacchavides and development of high oligosaccharide variety allow the creation of new and exciting foodstuffs that aye functional healthy.

Effect of Dietary Iron Levels on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidative and Antithrombogenic Capacities in 16-month-old Rats (식이 철분 수준이 노령흰쥐의 지방대사, 항산화능 및 항혈전능에 미치는 영향)

  • 김순기;박주연;김미경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.37 no.4
    • /
    • pp.273-280
    • /
    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary iron levels on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing 618 $\pm$ 6 g were raised for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35 ppm in diet) and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights. One of groups was sacrificed to obtain initial data and the rest 3 groups were raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing different levels of iron (5 ppm, 35 ppm, and 350 ppm). Total lipid, triglyceride and total chole-sterol concentrations in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma, fecal total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in plasma LDL + VLDL (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein) fractions, blood-clotting time and eicosanoids levels in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions were increased and blood-clotting time tended to be shortened during 3 months of experimental period. Low (5 ppm) iron diet improved lipid metabolism via increasing HDL-cholesterol and fecal choles-terol excretion. High (350 ppm) iron diet decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as compared to medium (35 ppm) iron diet and lowered body weight and epididymal fat pad weight. On the other hand, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions and blood-clotting time were increased with high iron diet. It is plausible that low iron diet improves lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats.

Effects of Dietary Potential Acid Production Value on Productivity in Dairy Cows

  • Kim, E.T.;Lee, S.S.;Kim, H.J.;Song, J.Y.;Kim, C.H.;Ha, Jong-K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.25 no.5
    • /
    • pp.653-658
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to estimate the potential acid production value (PAPV) of major diets and to determine the relationship between dietary PAPV and dairy production traits. Estimation of PAPV of major cattle feeds was based on an in vitro technique, which determined the degree of Ca dissociation from $CaCO_3$. Data on feeds and production traits were collected on 744 multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows from five different farms. Grains had high PAPV with variable protein sources and by-products. High PAPV feedstuffs had a higher total gas production and lower pH compared to those with low PAPV. Dietary PAPV had a positive correlation with intake of dry matter, NDF, ADF, milk yield and milk solid production but a negative correlation with milk protein and milk fat concentration. Current results indicate that dietary PAPV can be utilized in predicting dairy production traits.

Effect of Dried Leaf Powders and Ethanol Extracts of Persimmon, Green Tea and Pine Needle on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidative Capacity in Rats (감잎, 녹차, 솔잎의 건분 및 에탄올추출물이 흰쥐의 지방대사와 항산화능에 미치는 영향)

  • 김은성
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.32 no.4
    • /
    • pp.337-352
    • /
    • 1999
  • The effects of dried leaf powders and ethanol extract of persimmon, green tea and pine needle on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were investigated in rats. Forty-nine male Spargue-Dawley rats weighing 107.8$\pm$1.8g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing either 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of one of three different Korea traditional teas, persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb), green tea(Camellia Sinensis O.Ktzc)or pine needle(pinus Koreansis Sieb. Et Zucc), or ethanol from equal amounts of each dried tea powder. Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney and epididymal fat were significantly higher in the green-tea-powder group, and significantly lower in the pine-needle-powder and pine-needle-extract groups. Persimmon-leaf powder was found to decrease plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentration by increasing fecal total lipid triglyceride and cholesterol excretions. Liver cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the green-tea and pine-needle-extract groups. Red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) activities were significantly increased in rats fed green-tea extract. Liver SOD activity was increased in rats fed pine-needle powder or extract, and liver GSH-px activity was increased in rats fed greentea powder. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration were both decreased in rats fed dried leaf posers or extracts of persimmon or green tea. It is believed that high vitamin E levels in persimmon leaf, and high flavonoid, beta-carotene and vitamin C levels in green tea effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, persimmon and green tea leaves were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in animal tissue, while pine needles were effective and lowering body weight gain. From these results, persimmon and green tea leaves can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of chronic discorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and aging. As ethanol extracts from these teas were also effecitive in lowering tissue lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, we recommend the use of discarded tea grounds for this.

  • PDF

Effect of Lecithin Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidative Capacity in Rats Fed High Fat Diet (레시틴섭취가 고지방 식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 지방대사와 항산화능에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Su-Young;Hong, So-Young;Sung, Mi-Kyung;Kang, Myung-Hee;Kim, Mi-Kyung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.40 no.4
    • /
    • pp.312-319
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was performed to investigate the effect of lecithin on lipid metabolism and antixidative capacity in 9-week-old rats. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 249.8 g were blocked into three groups according to their body weight and raised for 8 weeks with experimental diets containing 1% (LM) or 5% lecithin (LH) and control (C) diet. Plasma and liver total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and plasma HDL-cholesterol concenterations, and fecal total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and bile acid excretions were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma, liver, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in red blood cell and liver, xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in plasma and liver, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma were also measured. Effect of lecithin intake on antioxidative capacity was not significantly different among all the groups. Plasma total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were lower in lecithin groups compared to control group, and these three lipid levels of lecithin groups were lowered dose-dependently as dietary lecithin level increased. But liver total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were not different among all the groups. Also fecal total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions were highest in high lecithin groups compared to two other groups. Thus it is plausible that lecithin intake decreases plasma lipid levels through increasing fecal lipid excretions, and may be beneficial for treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, but has no effect on antioxidative capacity.

Obesity and its association with diets and sedentary life style among school children in Seoul, Korea: Compliance with Dietary References Intakes for Koreans food guides

  • Ha, Ae-Wha
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.1 no.3
    • /
    • pp.212-217
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study compared obese children's food group intakes with the new Dietary References Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) food guides for 5th-6th grade school children. This study also determined the extent of sedentary life styles related with obesity in this area of children. This is it cross-sectional study of 799 school children. The dietitian sent a survey form describing the project and a questionnaire to the subject's family. The questionnaire included child demographics, family history of chronic diseases, the daily servings of five food groups, such as grains, meat and beans, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. The daily or weekly hours of physical activity, television viewing, and computer usage were also surveyed. Obesity index (%) of the subjects was calculated, and children with an obesity index (%) equal to or greater than 20 were classified as the obese. Among the 799 participants, 50.7% were female. The percentages of the normal and the obese were 691 (86.5%) and 108 (13.5%) respectively. Obese children reported eating less vegetables (p<0.05), more high sugar snacks (p<0.05), and high fat snacks (p<0.05) than normal children. No significant differences in food servings of grains, meats and beans, and fruits, and dairy products between the normal and the obese were shown. Obese children reported fewer hours of physical activities (p<0.05) and more hours of computer usage (p<0.05) than normal children. Girls showed less likelihood of being obese (odds ratio, 0.575, CI (0.38, 0.87), p<0.05). More hours of physical activity significantly decreased the likelihood of being obese (odds ratio, 0.572, CI (0.35, 0.92), p<0.05). Family history of obesity almost doubled the likelihood of obesity in children (odds ratio, 2.653, CI (1.660, 4.241), p<0.05). In conclusion, frequent snacking, inadequate vegetable consumption, and sedentary lifestyle increased significantly the likelihood of obesity in children, which suggest that obesity intervention in this age group should focuse more on those variables.

Effect of Saekso 2 Corn Kernels and Cobs Extracts on Antioxidant Activity in Rats Fed High Fat-cholesterol Diet (옥수수 색소 2호 품종의 알곡과 속대 추출물을 첨가한 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이가 흰쥐의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ki Yeon;Kim, Jai Eun;Hong, Soo Young;Kim, Tae hee;Noh, Hee Sun;Kim, Si Chang;Park, Jong yeol;Ahn, Mun Seob;Kim, Hee Yeon
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.31 no.6
    • /
    • pp.399-405
    • /
    • 2016
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sakso 2 corn kernels and cobs extracts on antioxidant activity in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFC) for 2 weeks. 48 male Sprague-Dawley (4-weeks-old) were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal diet (N), HFC (C), HFC and 0.05% kernel extracts of Saekso 2 (T1), HFC and 0.25% kernel extracts of Saekso 2 (T2), HFC and 0.05% cob extracts of Saekso 2 (T3), HFC and 0.25% cob extracts of Saekso 2 (T4). The weight gain in all treatment groups were significantly lower and the food efficiency ratio (FER) in all treatment groups except T3 were lower than C group. Liver index (liver weight/100 g body weight) in N group and T2 were significantly lower than C group. The level of total cholesterol in plasma of N group and T2 were significantly lower than C group and HDL-cholesterol in plasma of N group and T2 were significantly lower than C group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in N group, T3 and T4 were significantly lower than C group. Activity of catalase (CAT) in all treatment groups were lower than C group. These result suggest that saekso 2 corn kernels and cobs extracts may reduce oxidative damage through the activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat-cholesterol diets.

Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Activity of Taro Powder in Mice Fed with High Fat and Cholesterol Diets (고지방 식이를 섭취한 마우스에서 토란분말의 비만억제 및 지질저하 효과)

  • Moon, Ji-Hye;Sung, Jee-Hye;Choi, In-Wook;Kim, Yoon-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.42 no.5
    • /
    • pp.620-626
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of taro powder on body weight and lipid metabolism in high fat and cholesterol fed mice. C57BL6 mice were divided into four groups; normal (normal) diet group, a high fat and cholesterol (HF) diet group, and high fat and cholesterol diet groups with 20% taro powder (HF-taro 20%) and 30% taro powder (HF-taro 30%). After 8 weeks, body weight in the HF group increased to 175% of the normal group, while those of HF-taro 20% and HF-taro 30% group decreased by 12.5 and 14% compared to the HF group. The HF-taro 20% and HF-taro 30% groups had significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weight. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the HF group than those in the normal group, while their amounts were significantly diminished in the HF- taro 20% and HF- taro 30% groups. Furthermore, the leptin and insulin concentrations in blood plasma decreased significantly in the HF-taro 20% and HF-taro 30% groups. Accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver was significantly inhibited in the HF- taro 20% and HF-taro 30% groups through liver weights, a blood analysis, and histological findings. These results suggest that taro powder may be an effective material for anti-obesity by reducing plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract Feeding on Lipid Status of Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diets (뽕잎추출물이 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Surk-Hoon;Jang, Mi-Jin;Hong, Jung-Hee;Rhee, Soon-Jae;Choi, Kyung-Ho;Park, Mo-Ra
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.43-50
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf water extract on lipid metabolism of rats fed high cholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to two normal groups; mulberry extract-free (N), 0.16% mulberry leaf extract (NM) groups and high cholesterol groups with four different levels of mulberry leaf extract; 0% (HC), 0.08% (HCL), 0.16% (HCM), and 0.32% mulberry leaf extract (HCH) groups. Serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and AI index in mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HC group (p<0.05). The level of HDL-cholesterol in the HC group was significantly (p<0.05) reduced, compared with N group, but it was increased by mulberry leaf extract supplementation. Mulberry leaf extract had no effect on the UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of liver cholesterol between the HC and mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups, while there was significant difference in the levels of liver total lipid and triglyceride. The HCM and HCH groups had more significant reduction in the activity of lipoprotein lipase in epididymal fat tissue than the HC group. The levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in epididymal fat tissue of HCL, HCM and HCH groups were decreased compared to HC group. The levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in feces from HCL, HCM and HCH groups were higher than those of HC group.

Eating habits, obesity related behaviors, and effects of Danhak exercise in elderly Koreans

  • Ha, Ae-Wha;Kim, Jong-Hyun;Shin, Dong-Joo;Choi, Dal-Woong;Park, Soo-Jin;Kang, Nam-E;Kim, Young-Soon
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.4 no.4
    • /
    • pp.295-302
    • /
    • 2010
  • The aims of this study were to evaluate obesity-related dietary behaviors and to determine long-term exercise effects on obesity and blood lipid profiles in elderly Korean subjects. A total of 120 subjects, aged 60-75 yr, were recruited, and obesity-related dietary behaviors were determined. An exercise intervention was conducted with 35 qualified elderly females for 6 months, and body composition and blood lipids were measured 6 times at 4 week intervals. At baseline, mean BMI ($kg/m^2$) was 24.8 for males and 23.1 for females. The females had better eating habits than the males and were more concerned with reading nutrition labels on food products (P < 0.001); they also preferred convenience foods less than the male subjects (P < 0.05). Obese individuals were more likely than overweight or normal weight individuals to misperceive their weight (P < 0.001). Those with a high BMI responded feeling more depressed (P < 0.01), lacking self-confidence (P < 0.01), and feeling isolated (P < 0.01) as well as having more difficulty doing outdoor activities (P < 0.01). After exercise, body fat (%) and WHR were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while body weight and BMI were also decreased without statistical significance. Total cholesterol and blood HDL were significantly improved (207.1 mg/dl vs. 182.6 mg/dl, HDL: 45.6 mg/dl vs. 50.6 mg/dl, P < 0.05). Other benefits obtained from exercise were improvements in self-confidence (26.4%), movement (22.6%), stress-relief (18.9%), and depression (13.2%). In conclusion, elderly females had better eating habits and were more concerned with nutrition information and healthy diets compared to elderly males. However, misperceptions of weight and obesity-related stress tended to be very high in females who were overweight and obese, which can be a barrier to maintain normal weight. Long-term Danhak practice, a traditional Korean exercise, was effective at reducing body fat (%) and abdominal obesity, and improved lipid profiles, self-confidence, and stress.