• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12C
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• pp.255-260
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• 2001

This paper describes the design of the Register Controlled DLL(Delay-Locked Loop) that achieves fast locking and low Power consumption using a new locking algorithm. A fashion for a fast locking speed is that controls the two controller in sequence. The up/down signal due to clock skew between a internal and a external clock in phase detector, first adjusts a large phase difference in coarse controller and then adjusts a small phase difference in fine controller. A way for a low power consumption is that only operates one controller at once. Moreover the proposed DLL shows better jitter performance Because using the lock indicator circuit. The proposed DLL circuit is operated from 50MHz to 200MHz by SPICE simulation. The estimated power dissipation is 15mA at 200MHz in 3.3V operation. The locking time is within 7 cycle at all of operating frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.284-295
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics on Department stores consumers and to compare consumer characteristics among shopper types and department store types. For this purpose an ethnographic approach which is a kind of qualitative analysis was performed first. And then The data were collected from 600 female consumers over twenties and residing in Pusan Finally 499 data were used for the statistical analysis. 1. The results of clothing shopping orientations study were as follows : As a result of qualitative analysis those who patronize department stores were recreational/convenience shoppers. From quantitative analysis clothing shopping orientations were factor analyzed. which resulted in eight factors ; Recreational Shopping Convenience Shopping. Sensibility Seeking Well-Known Brand Preference Fashion Seeking Economic Shopping Sel-confidence in clothing shopping Convenient store shopping. 2. The results of store choice criteria study were as follows: As a result of concentrative observation eight store choice criteria dimensions were categorized : Service Store Atmosphere Promotion/Facilities Product Convenience Advertisement VMD Traffic/Location Convenience. From quantitative analysis eight store choice criteria factors emerged; Service Store Atmosphere Promotion/Facilities Assortment Shopping Convenience Advertisement VMD Traffic/Location Convenience. 3. According to the factor scores of recreational shopping and Convenience shopping consumers were segmented into four shopper types ; High Shopping-involved Shopper Recreational Shopper Convenience Shopper and Low Shopping-involved Shopper. Department types were divided into a large enterprise department stores and local department stores. Consumer characteristics such as clothing shopping orientations store choice criteria purchase behavior variables and demographic variables were significantly different in shopper types and department store types were significantly different in clothing shopping orientations and tore choice criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1093-1104
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• 2002

In this study, the diffusion phenomenon of casual Hanbok which started in the mid 1990s and has been widely spread ever since with innovative features in design, materials, etc., was reviewed. Through the interviews of 45 People who have worn casual Hanbok the advantages and disadvantages of casual Hanbok related to its innovative characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Through the questionnaires distributed to 482 adults living in Seoul, Busan, and Darjeon, the factors related to the adoption of casual Hanbok were examined. The following are the results from the empirical study. First the adoption of contemporary casual Hanbok is due to the consumers′ positive response to the excellence of casual Hanbok′s various innovative characteristics. What the consumers perceived as innovative characteristics of casual Hanbok in the survey results validated the findings of the depth interview, identifying seven subcategories of the innovative characteristics of casual Hanbok; aesthetics, positive training effect on body and mind, difficulty in we, practicality, psychological attachment for "Our Clothes", economic efficiency, and symbolic compatibility. And consumers who think highly of such spiritual and identity values as national consciousness, nature affiliation, and community consciousness, had high evaluation to casual Hanbok However, consumers′ prejudice against Hanbok that Hanbok is for old people, uncomfortable, and not suitable to modern life, tuned out to have a negative influence on the adoption. From these results, it can be concluded that casual Hanbok of the late 1990s is a fashion with innovative characteristics, different from the one in the l980s worn by the demonstrators of popular movements and democratic movements, and it emerged as a new symbol with the characteristics of cultural movement like community consciousness and nature affiliation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.721-731
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of VMD consciousness on importance of VMD components and clothing purchasing behaviors of university students. The research method was survey and subjects were 545 male and female university students in Chungnam province. The questionnaire consisted of 4 measuring instruments; VMD consciousness, importance of VMD components, clothing purchasing behaviors, and demographic attribution. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, $X^2$ test, t-test, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, university students had high VMD consciousness and attended to fashion trend, brand image, product information, and enjoyment of shopping, and felt appetite to purchase. Second, university students considered store arrangement and show window display as the important VMD components to purchase clothing. Third, university students were categorized into 3 consumer types(shopping/brand pursuit type, utilitarian information pursuit type, and trend/information pursuit type) by VMD consciousness. Forth, the consumer types by VMD consciousness showed many differences in importance of VMD components and clothing purchasing behaviors. Shopping/brand type considered show window display, cleanness and lighting/music/properties/color as more important VMD components, and used more money to purchase clothing and shopped more often than other consumer types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1397-1406
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• 2008

This research was to develop Taekwondo trunk protector(Hogu) and head protector's sizing systems corresponding the regulations by World Taekwondo Association. These sizing systems were established using 2003-2004 Size Korea anthropometric data. The result can be summarized as follows: According to the analysis of correlation, most measurements had high relationship with weight for Hogu and head girth for head protector. Six sizes(47, 54, 59, 64, 70, 76) for Hogu and 4 sizes(52, 54, 56, 60) for head protector were suggested in this study. Hogu sizes indicate body weights and head protector sizes express head girth measurements. By the comparison between current Hogu sizes and new sizes, the smaller sizes of new Hogu were bigger than current sizes in bust girth, back fastening length, shoulder length. On the other hand, the bigger sizes of new Hogu were larger than current sizes in bust girth, back fastening length, shoulder length. In addition, new Hogu's lengths were shorter than current Hogu in all sizes. The lengths of Neck to collar bone in new Hogu sizes were longer than current Hogu. In case of the head protector, there were no measurements besides outer circumference of helmet in recognized specifications of WTF. Therefore some referable measurements such as head girth, head length, bitragion arc, sagital arc were suggested in new size specification. When helmet sizes were suggested, the thickness of the NBR foam also were considered.

• Archives of design research
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• no.16
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• pp.53-63
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• 1996

With the high level economic growth and plentiful stabl izing our I iving, our car has become indispensable necessi ties of life which was the symbol of our riches. And yet, on this changes of the times, we welcomed MY CAR epoch with an explosive increase of its demand. However, compared wi th this trend, we feel actually that our level of car development technique is beyond our capaci ty to satisfying our personal fancy I ike advanced nations for buying car in quantity and quality side. On this study, I made car body color as my studing topic which was few concerning to research. I analyzed and investigated[surveyed] the state of envi ronmental facts and recent Korean passenger- car body color trend. After this work, I found out enough to solve the problem on developing car body color. And I suggest the problem solving materials as a reference to meet with the modern's fancy in the development processing of passenger car with systematicaly and effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

A splanchic artery occlusion for 90 min followed by reperfusion of the mesenteric circulation resulted in a severe form of circulatory shock, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, severe hypotension, marked intestinal tissue injury, and a high mortality rate. The effect of defibrotide, a complex of single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides having antithrombotic effect, was investigated in a model of splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in urethane anesthetized rats. Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min produced a severe shock state, resulting in a fatal outcome within 120 min of reperfusion in many rats. Defibrotide (10 mg/kg body weight) 10 min prior to reperfusion significantly improved mean arterial blood pressure in comparison to vehicle treated rats (p＜0.05). Defibrotide treatment also significantly attenuated in the increase of plasma amino nitrogen concentration, intestinal myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal lipid peroxidation, infiltration of neutrophils in intestine and thrombin induced adherence of neutrophils to superior mesentric artery segments. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in $1{\mu}M$ formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-activated PMNs was inhibited by defibrotide in a dose-dependent fashion. Defibrotide effectively scavenged hydrogen peroxide, but not hydroxyl radical. Treatment of SAO rats with defibrotide inhibited tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-1${\beta}$ productions in blood in comparison with untreated rats. These results suggest that defibrotide partly provides beneficial effects by preserving endothelial function, attenuating neutrophil accumulation, and antioxidant in the ischemic reperfused splanchnic circulation

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2003

Microarray technology allows the simultaneous analysis of gene expression patterns of thousands of genes, in a systematic fashion, under a similar set of experimental conditions, thus making the data highly comparable. In some cases arrays are used simply as a primary screen loading to downstream molecular characterization of individual gene candidates. In other cases, the goal of expression profiling is to begin to identify complex regulatory networks underlying developmental processes and disease states. Microarrays were originally used with ceil lines or other simple model systems. More recently, microarrays have been used in the analysis of more complex biological tissues including neural systems and the brain. The application of cDNA arrays in neuropsychiatry has lagged behind other fields for a number of reasons. These include a requirement for a large amount of input probe RNA In fluorescent-glass based array systems and the cellular complexity introduced by multicellular brain and neural tissues. An additional factor that impacts the general use of microarrays in neuropsychiatry is the lack of availability of sequenced clone sets from model systems. While human cDNA clones have been widely available, high qualify rat, mouse, and drosophilae, among others are just becoming widely available. A final factor in the application of cDNA microarrays in neuropsychiatry is cost of commercial arrays. As academic microarray facilitates become more commonplace custom made arrays will become more widely available at a lower cost allowing more widespread applications. in summary, microarray technology is rapidly having an impact on many areas of biomedical research. Radioisotope-nylon based microarrays offer alternatives that may in some cases be more sensitive, flexible, inexpensive, and universal as compared to other array formats, such as fluorescent-glass arrays. In some situations of limited RNA or exotic species, radioactive membrane microarrays may be the most practical experimental approach in studying psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and other complex questions in the brain.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.110-112
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• 2006

Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) are commonly prepared in the research laboratory by spraying, screen-printing and brushing catalyst slurry onto membrane or other support material like carbon paper or polyimide film in a batch style. These hand applications of the catalyst slurry are painstaking process with respect to precision of catalyst loading and reproducibility. It has been generally mentioned that the adoption of continuous process is very helpful to develop the reliable product. In the present work, we report the results of using continuous type coater with doctor-blade to coat catalyst slurry for preparing the MEA catalyst layers In a faster and highly reproducible fashion. We show that while expectedly faster than batch style, the machine coater requires the use of slurry of appropriate composition and a properly selected transfer decal material in order to achieve superior MEA plat lnw loading reproducibility. To make highly viscous catalyst slurry that is imperative for using coater, we use 40wt.% Nafion solution and minimize the content of organic solvent. And the choice of proper high surface area catalyst is important in the viewpoint of making well-dispersed slurry. After catalyst coating onto the support material, we transferred the catalyst layer to both sides of Nafion membrane by hot-pressing In this case, the degree of transfer was Influenced by hot-pressing condition including temperature, pressure, and time. To compare the transferring ability, we compared so many films and detaching papers. And among the support, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) film shows the prominent result.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2007

This study was carried out to treat the aqueous solutions containing reactive dyes(RB19, RR120 and RY179) by the Ozone demand flask method and adsorption process using activated carbon fiber(ACF) which are one of the main pollutants in dye wastewater. Ozone oxidation of three kinds of the reactive dyes was examined to investigate the reactivity of dyes with ozone, competition reaction and ozone utilization on various conditions for single- and multi-solute dye solution. Concentration of dyes was decreased continuously with increasing ozone dosage in the single-solute dye solutions. Competition quotient values were calculated to investigate the preferential oxidation of individual dyes in multi-solute dye solutions. Competition quotients(CQi) and values of the overall utilization efficiency, ${\eta}O_3$, were increased at 40mg/l of ozone dosage in multi-solute dye solutions. ACF(A-15) has much larger specific surface area$(1,584m^2/g-ACF)$ in comparison with granular activated carbon adsorbent (F400, $1,125m^2/g-GAC$), which is commonly used, and most of pores were found to be micropores with pore radius of 2nm and below. It was found that RB19 was most easily adsorbed among the dyes in this study. In the case of PCP (p-chlorophenol) and sucrose, which are single component adsorbate, adsorption capacities of ACF(A-15) were in good agreement with the batch adsorption measurement, and saturation time predicted of ACF columns for these components was also well agreed with practically measured time. But in the case of reactive dyes, which have relatively high molecular weight and aggregated with multi-components, adsorption capacities or saturation time predicted were not agreed with practically measured values.