• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2004

In vitro maturation of denuded porcine immature oocytes can be enhanced by co-incubation with spermatozoa even before fertilization. This study was to determine whether the addition of spermatozoa into the culture medium could influence the nuclear maturation of porcine cumulus-enclosed germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from follicles of 3- to 5-mm diameter. Porcine COCs were cultured in tissue culture medium containing spermatozoa. After 48 h culture, oocytes were examined for evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II. The proportion of oocytes reaching at metaphase II was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the oocytes cultured in media containing spermatozoa compared to those in media without spermatozoa (52.3% vs 12.5%). No difference in the percentage of metaphase II was observed among the different periods of spermatozoa exposure and among the spermatozoa from different species. The proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II was significantly different between high and low concentrations of spermatozoa. The present study suggests that manunalian spermatozoa contain a substance(s) that improves nuclear in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus-enclosed GV oocytes. Enhancing effect of spermatozoa for in vitro maturation of oocytes is a highly dose-dependent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 1994

The biodegradation of aromatic compounds by a mixed culture GE1 was investigated in an artificial wastewater containing 250 mg/l of benzene, toluene, and phenol in semicontinuous culture. In the control group (no strains) with an aeration rate of 75 ml/l/min, 37% of phenol and 83% of benzene were volatilized during early 24 hrs and toluene was disappeared from the medium within 12 hrs. The biodegradation of benzene and toluene was effective in SB (strains + biofilm) treatment, while phenol was degraded more quickly in SG (strains + glucose) treatment including glucose as an additional carbon source. aromatic compounds added at a concentration of 250 mg/l were completely removed by SG treatment after 16 hrs or 32 hrs, respectively. The removal rate of COD was high as much as 80 mg/l/h in SG treatment during early period, but COD revealed a stable value of 116~140 mg/l after 12 hrs caused by increased biomass. Therefore, it is concluded that the mixed GE1 could be used for the wastewater treatment including aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and phenol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

To enrich a country's food culture, it is essential that residents understand and care about that culture. Although various efforts to globalize Korean food have been made outside Korea, the importance of understanding Koreans' perception of and increasing interest in Korean food has been neglected. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the cognitive structures regarding Korean food among 30 Koreans living in metropolitan cities using in-depth laddering interviews based on the means-end chain theory. The most dominant cognitive structures toward Korean food were familiarity (attributes), ease of digestion and health (functional consequences), sense of responsibility and will to live (psychosocial consequences), and family affection and sense of achievement (values). In short, Koreans were found to consume Korean food to achieve perceived high-dimensional values rather than simply for its attributes or benefits. These findings have important implications for future strategies and policies aimed at increasing Korean food consumption by Koreans, as they suggest that underlying and symbolic values rather than the attributes of Korean food are more effective in promoting its consumption. Further studies on understanding perceptions and values using a larger Korean population are needed to preserve and further develop Korean food.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 1996

In the present study, mouse follicular oocytes and 2-cell embryos(late -zygote stage embryos included) were cultured on the electric pad for electric stimulation in the culture incubator. In addition, follicular oocytes and embryos were tested for maturation and development under higher temperature condition($39^{\circ}C$).Mouse follicular oocyte maturation were not affected by anion electric stimulation and there is no significant difference in GBVD and MI between the control and experiment group after 4hr culture. In the embryo culture, it was found that more morula and blastocyst were found in the electric stimulation group rather than the control(96hr). This may seem to be caused with cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ transient rise by electric stimulation(anion pad). On the other hand higher temperature incubation ($39^{\circ}C$) on the anion pad caused all the embryos degenerated within $12h{\sim}24hr$ culture. This was quite different from large animal embryos(bovine, pig, sheep), in which beneficial effect of high temperature incubation for oocyte maturation and embryo development were found.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.353-363
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• 2015

In unlimited competitive period changed every time, domestic manufacturing industry feels a crisis between China and Japan, who are leaping to manufacturing strong countries with worldwide manufacturing factories. In this situation, many companies make an effort to learn and introduce Toyota production method drawing innovation of production method and reduction of many costs for high quality, but most of cases were failed. The reason for the failure should be that correct understanding and application of TPS corporate culture were insufficient and job attitude was not considered when applying Toyota production system. Therefore, the purposes of this thesis are to arrange major contents based on relative documents of precedent researchers, conduct a survey for employees of middle and small scaled manufacturers who introduced Toyota production system, analyze changes of enterprises' job attitude by introduction of TPS corporate culture and the effects on company's management results through the various analyses for grasping relationship among TPS corporate culture, job attitude and management results, introduce Toyota production system more effectively and suggest measures to maximize company's long-term management results.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.66-75
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• 2000

Effect of reclaimed sewage on the paddy rice culture was examined by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland and the effluent of the treatment wetland was used for irrigation water. The reclaimed sewage was diluted before irrigation in the first year and it was used without dilution in the second year experiment. Growth components and yields were compared against the control plot where conventional method was applied. And also soil characteristics of the plots before and after reclaimed sewage irrigation were analyzed Generally addition of the reclaimed sewage irrigation didn't affect paddy rice culture adversely and even enhancement was observed. Fertilization was thought to be important factor for rice culture rather than irrigation water quality. Conventional fertilization and reclaimed sewage irrigation which contained high nutrient concentration resulted in better growth and more yield. Unlike widespread concern lodging did not happen even in the case of irrigation with average 90mg/L of T-N and conventional fertilization. Soil characteristics changed after irrigation and significant EC increasing was observed for the reclaimed sewage irrigation plots. From soil analyses salt accumulation could be a more potential problem than nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in the use of reclaimed sewage irrigation. Overall reclaimed sewage irrigation was thought to be one of practical alternatives for the ultimate disposal of sewage in rural area.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.507-521
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• 2014

A phase variation has been reported in an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila. Compared with a wild-type primary form, a secondary form usually loses several physiological and biochemical characters. This study showed that the phase variation of X. nematophila caused a significant alteration in its immunosuppressive activity and subsequent entomopathogenicity. A secondary form of X. nematophila was detected in laboratory colonies and exhibited significant differences in dye absorption and entomopathogenicity. In addition, the secondary form was different in its production of eicosanoid-biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) compared with the primary form of X. nematophila. Production of oxindole and p-hydroxypropionic acid was significantly reduced in the culture broth of the secondary form of X. nematophila. The reduced EBI production resulted in significant suppression in the inhibitory effects on cellular nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity. Culture broth of the primary form of X. nematophila enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) significantly more than the culture broth of the secondary form. Furthermore, this study developed a highly efficient "Dual Bt-Plus: to control both lepidopteran insect pests Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua, by mixing two effective Bt strains along with the addition of potent bacterial metabolites or 100-fold concentrated X. nematophila culture broth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2013

Phylogenetic analysis of the groEL1 and xynB1 gene sequences from Sorangium cellulosum strains isolated in Korea previously revealed the existence of at least 5 subgroups (A-E). In the present study, we used sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified biosynthetic genes of strains from the 5 subgroups to indicate correlations between S. cellulosum subgroups and their secondary metabolic gene categories. We detected putative biosynthetic genes for disorazol, epothilone, ambruticin, and soraphen in group A, group C, group D, and group E strains, respectively. With the exception of KYC3204, culture extracts from group A, group B, and group C strains exhibited no noticeable antimicrobial inhibitory activities. By contrast, culture extracts from group D strains inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, whereas culture extracts from group E strains inhibited the growth of C. albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the culture extracts from the strains of each subgroup revealed unique peak patterns. Our findings indicate the existence of at least 5 subgroups of S. cellulosum strains, each of which has the potential to produce a unique set of secondary metabolites.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.153-167
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• 2006

The hip-hop, which began with subculture of black people in Harlem, have changed variously in musical history after the times, which has become the culture phenomenon that had controlled dancing, fashion, and further consciousness of the new generation around the world in 1990s. Since Jean Patou first used Graffiti on clothing in 1920s, graffiti art has been expressed through various methods in many designers' works. The purpose of this study is to develop 'The Hip-Hop' clothing design which express major images in works of Jean-Michel Basquiat, a representative painter of Graffiti art in modern fashion. The concept is Jean Casual Look representing Young Street Culture. Breaking from existing strong legitimate hip-hop styles, clothing design expresses funny, healthy, comfortable, and active feelings. Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop program were used to design Hip-Hop clothing. With the result that the images on Basquiat's works applied to the hip-hop clothing design, it is suggested that the works of artists are worthy of practical use as factors of a high value-added design, which corresponds with collaboration appearing in modern design variously.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.142-152
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate how to recreate Spencer jacket of Empire Style in an attempt to apply this historic style to theatrical costumes and other high fashion items in modern times. The study was carried out through 2 steps. First, Literature, films and other visual information were utilized in order to classify the designs of Spencer jacket. Second, Production of Spencer jacket using patterns shown in literatures and those commercially used and commercial patterns were investigated to find out design characteristics of jackets. Results and discussions are as follows: The results showed that Spencer jacket can be categorized into following three styles: (1) Jackets having front opening without button stands and standing collar, (2) Double breasted opening and notched collar, (3) Single breasted opening and flat collar with waist band. The characteristics of Spencer jacket design were as follows: (1) Short jacket length, (2) Armhole line moved inwards, (3) Long fit shaped puff sleeves, whose puff being distributed more heavily over back of the sleeve, (4) Diamond shaped back bodice, which are consisted with princess lines and shoulder lines moved backwards.