• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

A study was carried out to determine the effect of a very low-carbohydrate diet on weight gain, body composition, and serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, ketone bodies and insulin. Twenty rats (mean initial weight, 212 g) were divided into two groups and each group was assigned a conventional high-carbohydrate diet (control) or a very low-carbohydrate diet containing 59.8% ground pork rind snack and fed the diet for four weeks. Average daily body weight gain was not different between the two groups during the first two weeks, but was significantly lower in rats fed the very low-carbohydrate diet than in those in the control group during third (p<0.05) and fourth weeks (p<0.01). Feedintake as well as energy intake was lower in rats fed the very low-carbohydrate diet than in those in the control group. The very low-carbohydrate diet reduced (p<0.01) serum triacylglycerol (34$\pm$83 vs 82$\pm$8 mg/l00 mL) and insulin (3.90$\pm$0.53 vs 7.60$\pm$0.61 $\mu$IU/mL) levels, while increasing (p<0.01) ketone body level (368$\pm$25 vs 236$\pm$24 $\mu$mol/L), compared with the control. Serum glucose and total cholesterol levels were not different (p>0.05) between the two dietary treatments. Proximate analysis of carcasses showed that the very low-carbohydrate diet decreased (p<0.01) body fat (26.1$\pm$1.04 vs 30.5$\pm$0.86%), while increasing (p<0.01) body protein (63.1$\pm$0.94 vs 59.4$\pm$0.70%) contents. Results indicate that short-term feeding of a very low-carbohydrate diet is beneficial for alleviating risk factors known to involve cardiovascular diseases or artherosclerosis. However, more studies with model animals as well as humans are recommended to examine the long-term health benefits of low-carbohydrate diets.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.335-351
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• 2008

Adequate nutrients intake and regular eating habit are so important for the students to develop physical and mental health, and they contribute significantly for the development of intellectual capacity. The intake of simple sugar contained in the processed foods is known to have been related not only with such physical problems as obesity and diabetes but also with hyperactivity during growing period. This study analysed the effects of carbohydrate processed snacks on the middle school students' emotional intelligence and intended to demonstrate the correlation and the influence of the foods. The subjects of this study were 476 the 1st grade middle school students sampled from two public middle schools of Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Questionnaire contained 47 questions including the kinds of sugar containing processed foods, the frequency of intake, the frequency of normal diet, and the emotional test. All data obtained in this study were processed by SAS 8.2 program. 77.9% of the students had snacks more than once a day and the favored foods were in the order of bread, cookies, fruit, milk and dairy products, flour foods, ramen and ice cream. Less of the sugar contained processed snacks consumed high emotional intelligence showed(p<0.001). And low intake of carbohydrate processed snacks linked with having more regular meals and the higher levels of emotional intelligence. There was no gender difference in consuming simple sugar containing processed foods, however, out of these foods, carbonated drinks, ramen and pizza affected significantly the emotional intelligence of the male students. It was found that sugar contained processed snacks affect the eating habits like meal skipping and the emotional intelligence. It is determined that the effects of carbohydrate processed snacks on emotional intelligence can not be denied.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

Mulberry leaves(Mori folium) and silkworm(Bombyx mori) are potnet inhibiters of intestinal $\alpha$-glycosidase, and inhibit the digestion of starch and sucrose in the small intestine. They are able to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia and decrease blood insulin levels. In this study , a high-carbohydrate diet(CHO ; 67.5%, protein ; 20.8%, fat : 11.7%) was received by the control group. In contrast, the experimental groups received a high-carbohydrate diet with extracts of mulberry leaves and silkwork(50mg.100g diet), and acarbose(6.7mg/100g diet). after a 10 week study period , the experimental groups had lower blood glucose and triglyceride levels. The experimental groups tended to have lwer Hb Alc levels. Also, blood insulin levels were lower than the control groups in accordance with blood glucose levels. The activities of intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase in the middle and distal parts of small intestine were induced by the extracts of mulberry leaves and silkworm in the experimental groups. However, the activities of liver lysosomal glucosidase and the contents of glycogen in the liver were not affected by the mulberry leave and silkworm extracts nor by acarbose. Mulberry leaves and silkworm were able to prevent sudden postprandial peaks in blood glucose as a result of $\alpha$-glycosidase, inhibition, there by decreasing unnecessary insulin secretion.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on nutritional intake status among the college students. The subjects were divided three groups; no-alcohol group(n=78), alcohol group(n=113), and high-alcohol group(n=82) according to intake and frequency of alcohol. And they were observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, dietary behavior and attitude, and nutrient intakes using questionnaires. The frequency of skipping meals in breakfast in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in frequency of skipping meals of lunch and supper, reason why skipped meals, and total score of dietary attitude among three groups. However, the score of dietary attitude about no heavy drinking and smoking in high-alcohol group was higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were significant difference in vitamin B2 intake, alcohol intake, and energy intakes from carbohydrate, lipid, and alcohol among three groups(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05). Compared energy intake of high-alcohol group with other two groups, intake from carbohydrate was low and intakes from lipid and alcohol were high. In the nutrient density, plant protein and carbohydrate in no-alcohol group, lipid and vitamin B2 in alcohol group, and animal lipid in high-alcohol group were highest among three groups. NAR and MAR were not significant difference among three groups except that NAR of P in alcohol group is highest among three groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, students high consuming alcohol have unhealty dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of skipping breakfast, undesirable dietary attitude of alcohol drinking and smoking, and low energy inake from diet. Therefore, this results should be considered in meal management and nutritional education for student of high alcohol consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

The effects of high carbohydrate diet on growth, serum physiological response, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 expression in Wuchang bream were determined at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. At each temperature, the fish fed the control diet (31% CHO) had significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activities, lower feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole crude lipid, serum glucose, hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity than those fed the high-carbohydrate diet (47% CHO) (p<0.05). The fish reared at $25^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher whole body crude protein and ash, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic G-6-Pase activity, lower glycogen content and relative levels of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene expression than those reared at $30^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Significant interaction between temperature and diet was found for HSI, condition factor, hepatic GK activity and the relative levels of hepatic GH gene expression (p<0.05).

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

The potential of oxygen delignification is a powerful tool to reduce detrimental environmental effects. This study was performed to investigate the effect of steam explosion treatment of chemically treated oak wood on oxygen-alkali pulping. Pulp yield during steam explosion treatment by ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnation was higher than the other impregnation chemicals. Also, NaOH extraction at room temperature after steam explosion treatment improved the kappa number from 140~116 to 90~64. Oxygen-alkali pulping of chemical steam explosion treated woods affected to pulp yields. ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnation was very effective to higher carbohydrate yields at same delignification level. Its carbohydrate yield seemed to be highly related to the effluent pH. Oxygen-alkali pulping after steam explosion treatment of ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnated wood was shown that carbohydrate yield was very high because its effluent pH was increase from natural to mild alkali. Even if oxygen bleaching limit the delignification to 50% in order to avoid unacceptable yield and viscosity losses, oxygen-alkali pulping after steam explosion by ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnation was possible to extend the delignification more than 80%. Considering high pulp yield with lower lignin content from steam explosion treated wood, it might be profitable to end the cook at a high kappa number instead of a low kappa number, and continuously apply the oxygen delignification, in order to better quality pulp.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2021

본 연구는 고당류 제과의 저장 및 유통 과정에서 상품 가치를 저하시키는 진균을 확인하고, 고당류 제과에 대한 유기산 및 UV-C 처리에 대한 항진균 효과를 조사하였다. 부패된 고당류 과자로부터 3종의 진균을 분리하였고, ITS 염기서열분석 결과 Wallemia sp.와 Aspergillus sp.로 동정되었다. 3종의 진균에 대한 유기산의 농도를 확인한 결과, 0.2 M, 0.35 M 초산이 Wallemia sp., Aspergillus sp-1 및 Aspergillus sp-2 균주의 생육 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 UV-C 조사 시간에 따른 항진균 효과를 확인한 결과, 조사 30분 후, Wallemia sp.와 Aspergillus sp-2 균주의 생육 억제 효과가 관찰되었으며, Aspergillus sp-1은 조사 40분 후, 생육 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 비처리 및 0.35 M 초산처리 고당류 과자의 기호도를 평가한 결과, 맛, 색, 이미, 경도 및 질감은 유의적인 변화가 크지 않았으나, 약간의 신맛과 향에 의해 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 제품에 유기산 처리 및 UV-C 조사에 의한 진균 억제 효과를 확인하였으며, 유통 과정 중에 진균의 발생이 우려되었던 과자류에서의 이용이 기대된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2016

Potassium is well-known to improve turfgrass tolerance to environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought stress. Low mowing height reduces leaf area of turfgrass that is main place for photosynthesis and carbohydrate production. Closely-mowed turf would suffer from summer decline by low level of carbohydrate resulted from low photosynthesis of reduced leaf area. The objective of the study is to investigate K rate and mowing height for Kentucky bluegrass. The K rate treatments were 5, 10, and $20g\;K_2O\;m^{-2}$ for the low, medium and high K rates, respectively. The bi-weekly mowing treatment was made for treatments. Mowing was implemented at 40 and 100 mm using a rotary mower. Regardless K rates, the high mowing height would be required when the air temperature is higher than $28.5^{\circ}C$ and high turfgrass quality of Kentucky bluegrass is needed. When the air temperature is optimal for cool-season grass, the high mowing height and the low K rate is needed for the root length of Kentucky bluegrass.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and metabolic determinants of circulating soluble leptin receptor (CSLR) and free leptin index (FLI) in pre-pubertal obese male children. Methods: We conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study at three tertiary hospitals and one public primary school. Eighty obese male children without growth and developmental abnormalities aged 5-9 years were recruited. In these children, obesity was solely caused by excessive food intake, and not by acute illness, medications, endocrine abnormalities, or any syndrome. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance are the potential determinants for leptin regulation, which is represented by CSLR level and FLI. Results: Carbohydrate was the main source of energy. BMI and body fat mass had negative weak correlation with CSLR and positive weak correlation with FLI. Furthermore, carbohydrate intake was found to be independently associated with CSLR based on the results of the multiple linear regression analysis. Following an increase in carbohydrate intake, CSLR level decreased progressively without any negative peak. Conclusion: Leptin regulation in prepubertal obese male children is associated with body composition and dietary intake. Carbohydrate intake is useful for predicting CSLR. Lipid profiles and insulin resistance are not related to both CSLR and FLI. Treatment and prevention of leptin resistance in obese children should focus on reducing BMI, fat mass, and carbohydrate intake.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.698-702
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• 1993

온도 증가에 따라 용출되는 soluble carbohydrate는 온도가 증가할수록 더 큰 분자들이 많이 용출되었고 동부나 녹두는 아주 유사한 용출 양상을 보였다. 그리고 팥은 동부나 녹두보다는 분자량이 작지만 강낭콩보다는 큰 분자들이 용출되었고 $95^{\circ}C$에서의 용출양상이 동부나 녹두의 $85^{\circ}C$에서의 용출양상과 비슷해지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 강낭콩은 온도가 증가되어도 아주 작은 분자들이 계속 많이 용출되어 강낭콩 아밀로오스가 작은 분자들로 이루어져 있다는 것을 시사했다. 텍스쳐실험결과 전분겔의 특성은 녹두가 가장 견고성이 크고 동부는 응집성이 가장 컸다. 팥이나 강낭콩은 견고성과 응집성 모두 동부나 녹두에 비해 낮았다. 15분간 가열하여 제조한 전분겔의 경우 가열온도가 증가할수록 견고성과 응집성이 증가하였다. 1시간 가열하여 제조한 전분겔의 경우 동부와 녹두는 $85^{\circ}C$에서보다 $95^{\circ}C$에서 견고성이 감소하였으나 팥이나 강낭콩은 가열온도 증가에 따라 견고성이 증가하였고 시료 전분겔 모두 응집성은 증가 하는 양상을 보였다.