• 멤브레인
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2020

전 세계 화석 연료 사용이 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 공기 중 이산화탄소(CO₂) 농도가 수 세기에 걸쳐 증가하고 있다. 대기로의 CO₂ 배출을 줄이기 위한 방법으로, 주요 배출원인 발전소와 공장에 적용할 수 있는 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(carbon capture and sequestration, CCS) 기술이 개발되고 있다. 기후 변화 완화 정책에 따라 negative emission 기술로 언급되는 공기 중 CO₂ 직접 포집 기술(direct air capture, DAC)은 CO₂ 농도가 0.04%로 매우 낮기 때문에 기존의 CCS 기술에 적용된 기술과 달리 흡착제를 이용한 저농도 CO₂ 포집 연구에 집중되어 있다. DAC 분야는 주로 CO₂의 흡착을 이용한 습식 흡착제, 건식 흡착제, 아민 기능화된 소재, 이온교환 수지 등이 연구되었다. 흡착제 기반 기술은 흡착제 재생에 따른 고온 열처리 공정이 필요하기 때문에 추가적인 에너지 소모가 없는 분리막 기반의 공기 중 CO₂ 포집 기술의 잠재력이 크다. 분리막은 특히 실내 공기 CO₂ 저감 환기 시스템 및 실내용 스마트팜(smart farm) 시스템의 연속적인 CO₂ 공급에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. CO₂ 처리 기술은 기후 변화를 완화하기 위한 수단으로 개발이 지속되어야 하며 효율적인 공정 설계와 소재 성능 향상을 통해 공기 중 CO₂ 포집의 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

Ca계 및 Na계 탈황제를 대상으로 열중량 분석실험과 승온탈리 실험을 수행하여 탈황제의 열적안정성, 집진기 전단 온도인 $250^{\circ}C$에서 탈황 성능, 그리고 상온에서 흡수용량 등을 비교하여 아래와 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 소석회($Ca(OH)_2$)는 약 $390^{\circ}C$에서 열 분해되기 시작하여 480~$500^{\circ}C$에 이르면 완전하게 분해되었다. 열분해 결과 생성된 생석회(CaO)의 무게는 최초 소석회 무게의 76%로 감소하였다. 중탄산나트륨($NaHCO_3$)은 약 $95^{\circ}C$에서부터 분해되기 시작하여 $190^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서 완전하게 분해되어 처음 도입된 중탄산나트륨 무게와 비교하여 약 63%로 감소하였다. $250^{\circ}C$에서 실시한 열중량 분석 결과, 무수탄산나트륨($Na_2CO_3$)의 경우에는 탈황제 무게의 35%에 해당하는 $SO_2$를 흡수할 수 있고, 생석회는 15.6%, 소석회는 6.5%까지 $SO_2$를 흡수할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. $250^{\circ}C$에서 초기반응 속도를 비교하면, Ca계 탈황제의 경우에는 초기 미반응 시간이 있는 반면에 Na계 탈황제인 무수탄산나트륨에서는 이러한 초기 미반응 시간이 없어, Ca계 반응제의 경우보다 Na계 탈황제의 경우에 $SO_2$와 더 빠른 반응이 진행되었다. 상온에서 실시한 승온탈리 실험 결과, Na계인 무수탄산나트륨보다는 Ca계인 소석회가 더 많은 $SO_2$를 흡수하였다. 따라서 저온에서는 Ca계인 소석회가 적절하고 고온에서는 무수탄산나트륨이 더 적절한 탈황제인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

In this study, the fabrication of zeolite combined activated carbon spherical samples was carried out as follows. Briefly, ZSM-5 zeolite and activated carbon were composed as main absorbent materials; by controlling the weight percentage of zeolite and binder materials, a series of spherical samples (AZP 4, 6, 8) were prepared. These spherical samples were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, EDX, and pressure drop; benzene and iodine adsorption tests, bactericidal effect test, and ignition temperature test were also performed. The adsorption capability was found to depend on the BET surface area; the spherical samples AZP6 with high BET surface area of $1011m^2/g$ not only exhibited excellent removal effects for benzene (24.9%) and iodine (920mg/g) but also a good bactericidal effect. The enhanced ignition temperature may be attributed to the homogeneous dispersion conditions and the proper weight percentage ratio between zeolite and activated carbon.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2005

Increasing amounts of anthropogenic $CO_2$ emitted to the atmosphere are believed to be a significant factor in global climate change. Hence, the method of chemical absorption has been suggested to separate and recover acid gases such as $CO_2$. In this study, the characteristics of absorption and regeneration of $CO_2$ for the absorbent which adding HMDA (hexamethylenediamine) into AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol), hindered amine, was investigated in lab-scale absorption/regeneration reactor. As a result of this study, the removal efficiency of $CO_2$ increased when adding $5.9\%,\;11.7\%\;and\;23.4\%$ HMDA into $30\%$ AMP respectively. Also, the removal efficiency of $CO_2$ increased $6.5\%,\;8.4\%,\;10.3\%$ respectively as compared to AMP alone when the gas flow rate was 7.5 SL/min. In addition, all absorbents used in the study revealed the high stripping efficiency, which was almost $99\%$, at the temperature of $110^{\circ}C$. Thus, the regeneration tower should be operated at $110^{\circ}C$. At this time, the concentration of exhausted $CO_2$ was higher than $99\%$.

• Carbon letters
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• 제26권
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Biochar obtained from the thermal conversion of biomass has high potential as a substitute material for activated carbon and other carbon-based materials because it is economical, environmentally friendly, and carbon-neutral. The physicochemical properties of biochar can also be controlled by a range of activation methods such as physical, chemical, and hydrothermal treatments. Activated biochar can be used as a catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of a biomass and as an absorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions and atmospheric pollutants. The applications of biochar are also expanding not only as a key component in producing energy storage materials, such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and fuel cells, but also in carbon capture and storage. This paper reviews the recent progress on the activation of biochar and its diverse present and future applications.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2011

The structure of kapok fiber was characterized using FTIR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrometers, elemental analyzer, x-ray diffractometer, SEM and IMT I-Solution ver 7.5. The kapok has a hollow tube shape and is composed of cellulose I with crystallinity of 47.95%. To develop novel oil-sorbent materials necessary to avoid the environmental pollution by spilled oil, the oil absorption capacity of various fibers such as kapok, polypropylene(PP), acryl, bamboo, cotton, rayon and wool fibers is compared in this study. The kapok fiber had the highest oil absorption capacity among the fibers and its water absorption capacity was the least. The kapok fiber selectively absorbed significant amounts of oils (43g/g of fiber for kerosene, 65g/g of fiber for soybean oil), which might be due to higher hydrophobicity of the kapok fiber, suggesting that kapok fiber may have high potential as excellent oil-absorbent materials.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2006

Dental personnels faced risks of infection in the clinic. For infection control, recognition and practice of dental personnels are important factor. This study was performed to investigate the recognition and practice of dental hygiene for infection control and infection waste control. A stratified convenience sample of dental hygienists in dental health-care settings. The major finding of the present study are as follows: 1. The existence of education about Standard Precaution and low of infection waste storage was higher dental hospital than dental clinic. 2. The degree of practice in the storage of dental wastes was low in absorbent cotton and body tissue exclude damage waste. And the degree of practice in the disposal of dental wastes was high in all three. 3. Practice in the storage of dental waste was higher dental hospital than dental clinic. 4. At the conclusion of this investigation, systematic refresher training of infection control should be prepared by campaign an various media, Dental health care workers should be encouraged to practice those action items from training. For successful implementation of infection control in every dental health-care settings, it is highly demanded as well that development of effective safe-guard tools, stategic support, and standardized action items against infection problems.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

The LiBr-H₂O absorption process on a horizontal tube has been analyzed numerically. The flow field, which was calculated in the authors' previous study by solving the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations with accurate free-surface-tracking method, is used to solve the temperature and concentration distributions in the absorption film. With the assumption that the absorbent is linear, calculations have been made for various inlet temperature and flow-rate conditions. For low inlet temperature, the absorption rate is large in the upstream region but the mean temperature also increases and as a result the absorption decreases as the film flows to downstream while high-inlet-temperature case does the opposite. The difference in the absorption rate due to the inlet temperature change becomes smaller in the downstream than that in the upstream. For large flow rate, the heat transfer to the wall becomes poor due to the thick film and so does the absorption rate. The analyses have also been carried out for multiple tube arrangement and the results show that the absorption rate converges after a few tube rows.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1997

Successful energy conservation and good indcfor air quality (IAQ) are highly dependent on ventilation system. Air filtration is a primary solution of indoor air control strategies in terms of reducing energy consumption and improving ihdoor air quality. A conventional system with bypass filter, as it is called variable-air-volume/bypass filtration system (VAV/BPFS), is a variation of the conventional variable air volume (VAV) systems, which is designed to eliminate indoor air pollutant and to save energy. Bypass filtration system equipped with a high-efficiency particulate filter and carbon absorbent provides additional cleaned air into indoor environments and maintain good IAQ for human health. The objectives of this research were to compare the relative total decay rate of indoor air pollutant concentrations, and to develop a mathematical model simulating the performance of VAV/BPFS. All experiments were performed in chamber under the controlled conditions. The specific conclusions of this research are: 1. The VAV/BPFS system is more efficient than the VAV system in removing indoor air pollutant concentration. The total decay rates of aerosol, and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) for the VAV/BPFS system were higher than those of the conventional VAV system. 2. IAQ model predictions of each pollutant agree closely with the measured values. 3. According to IAQ model evaluation, reduction of outdoor supply air results in decreased dilution removal rate and on increased bypass filtration removal rate with the VAV/BPFS. As a results, we recommends the VAV/BPFS as an alternative to conventional VAV systems.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.73-76
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• 2000

A novel, continuous bioreactor system combining a bubble column (absorption section) and a two-phase bioreactor (degradation section) has been designed to treat a gas stream containing benzene. The bubble column contained hexadecane as an absorbent for benzene, and was systemically chosen considering physical, biological, environmental, operational and economic factors. This solvent has infinite solubility for benzene and very low volatility. After absorbing benzene in the bubble column, the hexadecane served as the organic phase of the two-phase partitioning bioreactor, transferring benzene into the aqueous phase where it was degraded by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans Y234. The hexadecane was then continuously recirculated back to the absorber section for the removal of additional benzene. All mass transfer and biodegradation characteristics in this system were investigated prior to operation of the integrated unit, and these included: the mass transfer rate of benzene in the absorption column, the mass transfer rate of benzene from the organic phase into the aqueous phase in the two-phase bioreactor, the stripping rate of benzene out of the two-phase bioreactor, etc. All of these parameters were incorporated into model equations, which were used to investigate the effects of operating conditions on the performance of the system. Several experiments were conducted to show the feasibility of this system. This process is believed to be very practical for the treatment of high concentrations of gaseous pollutants.