• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.484-491
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• 2016

The present study investigated the effect of Sinetrol-XPur (polyphenolic Citrus spp. and Paullinia cupana Kunth dry extract) and defined the action mode for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 activation. Leptin-deficient obese mice were treated with two different doses, 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 300 mg/kg BW of each AIN93G supplement, for 7 weeks. Treatment of obese mice with both low and high doses of Sinetrol-XPur significantly reduced body weight gain compared to control obese mice. White adipose tissue weight of mice was reduced by 30.96% in high dose-supplemented groups. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced by a high dose of Sinetrol-XPur by 20.02% and 30.96%, respectively. Serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased by treatment with both doses, as the ratio of HDL to low density lipoprotein increased by 138.78% and 171.49%, respectively. Regarding expression of biochemical factors related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid synthase significantly decreased and UCP-2 increased upon treatment with a high dose of Sinetrol-XPur, but there was no significant difference in lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. To define cellular mechanism, intracellular cAMP levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner over the range of $50{\sim}250{\mu}m/mL$. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine clearly blocked cAMP, suggesting that Sinetrol-XPur promotes lipolysis of adipocytes through inhibition of cAMP-dependent PDE, resulting in induction of cAMP response element binding protein and UCP-2. These results suggest that Sinetrol-XPur supplementation is a viable option for reducing body weight and fat by improving serum lipid profiles and genetic expression of lipid metabolic factors, especially activation of cAMP-dependent UCP-2.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.183-197
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• 1997

In order to detect the safety and effect of various aqua-acupunctures from Scutellariae Radix, the modifications of boiling, filtration and dilution were employed for the manufacture of aqua-acupunctures. We injected 0.2cc of aqua-acupunctures into Joksamri (足三里) of rat, repeatedly. We compared subacute toxicity of them with saline group, distilled water(D.W.) group, acupuncture group and control group. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The groups were all healthy and alive, and there was no special abnormality in physical condition and autopsy. And there were not any toxic symptoms in repeating application of aqua-acupunctures to the rat, including changes of body weight, organ weight, haematological examination and serum biochemical test. 2. There was slight change of body weight in acupuncture group : We could see significance after 3 days(p<0.05) and after 7 days(p<0.001) in body weight loss. After 9 days, all tested groups were suppressed in body weight increment. 3. Result of organ weight : In Palkang aqua-acupuncture(D-2 group), saline group and acupuncture group there were some statistical significance. Especially, acupuncture group revealed significant result in liver and spleen than aqua-acupunctures. From this result, we could suggest that the efficacy of acupuncture was preceded herbal medicine. 4. In serum biochemical test, we examined glucose(GLU), triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol(CHOL). In comparison with control group, the diluted 10 times of Hwanggum aqua-aqupuncture$({\times}10\;group)$ was recognized significant decrease of glucose, but the diluted 100 times of Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture$({\times}100\;group)$, D-2 group, saline group were confirmed significant increment. There was not any meaningful change of CHOL in all of tested group, excepting the acupuncture group was exhibited statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). In TG level all tested group except complex injection of standard compound(CPA group) and HG, there were significant value iii statistically. The diluted solution was more significant decrease than Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture(HG). The mutual relationship of components of aqua-acupunture tended to decrease level of TG, regardless of its concentration. In acupunture guoup, we gained some interesting result In meaningful decrease in 7G. 5. Haematological examination showed significant increment of granulocytes(GR) in all tested groups except Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture. And the diluted solutions of HG expressed very high increment of them(p<0.001). The GR and Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) of acupuncture group showed statistical significance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glasswort powder intake on lipid metabolism. Rats were divided into three groups: a group fed a normal diet (CON), one fed a high fat diet (HFC), and one fed a high fat diet with glasswort powder (HFG). They were fed their respective diet for four weeks. Body weight was significantly lower (9%) in the HFG group than in the HFC group at the fourth week. According to the feces analysis, the HFG group showed the highest fat level (120% vs. CON; 138% vs. HFC) and fecal calories (110%). The concentration level of TG and LDL-C was 71.8% lower in the HFG group compared to the HFC group, while the concentration level of HDL-C was 152% higher in the HFG group. Expression of FABP in the liver was 197% greater in the HFG compared to the HFC group, with the expression of CPT-1 showing a similar tendency. These results suggest that glasswort powder intake suppresses weight gain and improves fat metabolism at the level of liver cells. From these results, we suggest that glasswort powder is effective against obesity by inhibiting the absorption of fat in the digestive tract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.791-797
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• 2020

Maqui berry are known as one of the "superfoods" and can purportedly improve health. The effects of orally administered maqui berry extract on biological parameters such as serum lipids and blood cells in healthy subjects were investigated in rats in vivo for 2 weeks. Possible causes of harmful effects on liver and kidney function were also examined. After oral administration of maqui berry extract, levels of serum triglyceride (TG) were decreased to almost 30% less from the control, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased to 18% more; thus, serum lipids profile seemed to be improved. The administration of maqui berry extract increased red blood cell concentration by 10% from the control, while both the hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were increased by 12%. Maqui berry extract also increased the concentration of serum total proteins by 30% of the control and that suggests protein metabolism might be improved. Moreover, maqui berry decreased serum levels of glutamin oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamin pyruvate transaminase (GPT) by 12% from the control group so maqui berry improved liver function. This study suggests that oral administration of maqui berry extract may be helpful to improve those heath parameters like serum lipids profile, red blood cell level, liver protection. It would also be very useful for the development of high value products such as functional foods and pharmaceutics in the future.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-401
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• 2016

A new solid oxidizer, pyridinium dinitramide (Py-DN) is a low toxic energetic material which can be utilized as a HPGP (high performance green propellant). In this work, Py-DN was synthesized using various starting materials including potassium sulfamate, pyridine hydrochloride, strong nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Physical and chemical properties of the Py-DN were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR and a thermal analyzer and their properties were compared to those of previously prepared salts including ammonium dinitramide[ADN, $NH_4N(NO_2)_2$] and guanidine dinitramide[GDN, $NH_2C(NH_2)NH_2N(NO_2)_2$] in our lab. Endothermic and exothermic decomposition temperatures of Py-DN were $77.4^{\circ}C$ and $144.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The combustion caloric value was 1739 J/g, which is thermally more sensitive than that of conventional dinitramides. It may enable to lower the decomposition temperature, which can reduce preheating temperature required for satellite thruster applications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1998

This study was performed to examine the effects of DA-9601, a novel antiulcer agent extracted from Artemisiae Herba, on radiation colitis in the rat. Female Wistar rats received a 30 Gy dose of irradiation to the 2 cm of distal colon in length using an intrarectal applicator system. 30 mg/tg or 100 mg/kg of DA- 9601 was administered orally 30 min before and 4 h after radiation on day 1. And the same dose of DA-9601 was given to the animals twice a day from day 2 to 14. As a reference control, sucralfate suspension (100 or 300 mg/head) was given as an enema based on the same treatment schedule of DA-9601. Body weight change and the frequency of diarrhea were recorded during the observation period as markers of radiationinduced injury, All animals were sacrificed on day 15 for evaluation of macro- and microscopic findings and mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Radiated animals showed diarrhea, mucosal redness and histologic changes characterized by edema and eosinophilic infiltration of the periglandular lamina propria with loss of colonic epithelium. Radiation also significantly increased mucosal MfO activity of affected colon f\\\\\\\\`<0.05). However, most of these changes were completely protected by oral administration with DA-9601. DA-9601 reduced radiation-induced histologic alteration significantly in a dose-related manner (P<0.05). In addition, mucosal MPO activity in rats receiving high dose of DA-9601 decreased significantly when compared with that in radiated control. High dose of sucralfate (300 mg/head) alleviated radiation-induced histologic lesion, but failed to reach statistical significance. The results of this study suggest that DA-9601 can be useful for the prevention of acute clinical symptoms of radiation proctocolitis and that decrease of mucosal MPO by DA-9601 plays a role in its protective mechanism(s), at least in part.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.171-185
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• 2013

Wetland has been known as a major biogenic source of $CH_4$ in globe. In a global scale, the amounts of 55~150 Tg $CH_4$ are released into the atmosphere annually from wetlands; and it accounts for about 21% of total $CH_4$ annual global emission. From August 2010 to August 2011, measurements of major greenhouse gas ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$) emissions were conducted from a freshwater wetland at Kunsan ($35^{\circ}56^{\prime}38.94^{\prime\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}43^{\prime}16.62^{\prime\prime}E$), Korea by using floating closed static chamber method. Flux measurements for these gases from western coastal tidal flat at Seocheon ($36^{\circ}07^{\prime}13.85^{\prime\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}35^{\prime}43.18^{\prime\prime}E$), Korea were managed from July 2011 to February 2012 by using closed static chamber method. The average gas fluxes and ranges from freshwater wetland experiment were $0.155{\pm}0.29\;mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ (-0.054~0.942 $mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$) for $CH_4$, $17.30{\pm}73.27\;mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ (-52.44~261.66 $mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$) for $CO_2$, and $0.004{\pm}0.01\;mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ (-0.02~0.07 $mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$) for $N_2O$, respectively. Monthly base flux measurement results revealed that $CH_4$ fluxes during summer months in high water temperature were significantly high, and at least order of one higher than those during other months. The average fluxes and ranges of these greenhouse gases from tidal flat during the experimental period were $0.002{\pm}0.08\;mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ (-0.16~0.22 $mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$) for $CH_4$, $-31.18{\pm}75.33\;mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ (-298.87~101.93 $mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$) for $CO_2$, and $0.001{\pm}0.01\;mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ (-0.017~0.03 $mg\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$) for $N_2O$, respectively. Comparing the results of gas emissions from tidal flat to those from freshwater wetland, we found significantly lower emissions from tidal flat based on the experiment. Physicochemical parameters of water and soil at these experimental plots were also sampled and analyzed for understanding their correlation with these gas emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of 5% mung bean (phaseolus aureus L.) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism function of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing mung bean meal [basal diet+5% mung bean (BM), basal diet+STZ+5% mung bean (SM)], and control (BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). The results of this study, mung bean diet groups (BM, SM) in lipid composition evidenced the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, uric acid, blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The serum albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) was increased in mung bean supplementation diet than STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the mung bean diet than diabetic group. Total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) concentrations in sera were higher in the BM, SM and BD groups than BS group. In vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that ingestion of mung bean (phaseolus aureus L.) were effective in blood glucose and lipid composition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.343-346
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• 1995

In this paper, the effect of alkaline oxides on the humidity sensitivity of $V_2O_{5}$(2mol%)-doped $TiO_2$(98mol%) was investigated as functions of $Li_{2}Co_{3}$, $Na_{2}Co_{3}$. III-1. Measurement of Density. When the mole% of $Li_2$O is varied 0,1,2,5mol%, the more the mole% of additives is increased, the more difference of bulk and apparent density is largely narrowed. The difference of two densities of sample containing 2mol% $Na_2O$ was large all the moat. The sample containing 1mol% $Na_2O$ was small most. III-2. Observation of porosity. The porosity and total intrusion volume according to various amounts of $Li_2O$ was reduced and those of sample containing 2mol% $Na_2O$ as 31.13%, 0.1155mL/g was the highest and 1mol% $Na_2O$ was lowed most and 5, 10mol% $Na_2O$ was more high compare with sample without alkaline oxides. III-3. Characteristic of humidity sensitivity. 1. Impedance of samples containing $Li_2O$ was high compare with sample without alkaline oxides, so we thought it showed Poor sensitivity because it have no impedance changing rapidly as function of relative humidity. 2. When the humidity was increasing from 30RH% to 90RH%, the impedance of sample containing 2mol% $Na_2O$ at 120HZ changed exponential rapidly from 6${\times}$$10^{7}$$\Omega$) to 1.25${\times}$$10^4$$\Omega$. At under 50RH% and over 50RH%, the humidity sensitivity of samples containing 2mol% $Na_2O$ was best especially in the range of the low humidity. III-4. Characteristic of TG curves. When algal me oxide $M_{2}CO_{3}$(M=Li, Na) were added into $V_{2}O_{5}$-doped $TiO_2$, the stability of humidity sensitivity of samples containing amounts of $Li_2O$ was unstable. The samples containing 1mol% $Na_2O$ was unstable.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.116-124
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• 2005

Absorbed dose dosimetry protocols of high energy photon and electron beams, which are widely used and based on an air kerma calibration factors, have somewhat complex formalism and limitations for improving dosimetric accuracy due to uncertainty of the physical parameters used. Recently the IAEA and the AAPM published the absorbed dose to water-based dosimetry protocol. In this work web-based dose calibration program for IAEA TRS-398 and AAPM TG-51 protocols were developed. This program developed using the Visual C$\#$ language can be used in the internet. User selectable dosimetry protocol on the web allows the absorbed dose to water data of the two protocols at a reference point to be easily compared, and enables to conveniently manage and understand the current status of the dosimetry calibration performed at participating institutions in korea. This program and the resultant database from the web-based calibration can be useful in developing new dosimetry protocols in Korea.