• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.418-427
• /
• 2023

Toxoplasma gondii infections are primarily diagnosed by serological assays, whereas molecular and fluorescence-based techniques are garnering attention for their high sensitivity in detecting these infections. Nevertheless, each detection method has its limitations. The toxoplasmosis detection capabilities of most of the currently available methods have not been evaluated under identical experimental conditions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with various doses of T. gondii ME49. The detection of toxoplasmosis from sera and brain tissues was markedly enhanced in mice subjected to high infection doses (200 and 300 cysts) compared to those subjected to lower doses (10 and 50 cysts) for all the detection methods. Additionally, increased B1 gene expression levels and cyst sizes were observed in the brain tissues of the mice. Importantly, IHC, IF, and ELISA, but not RT-PCR, successfully detected T. gondii infections at the lowest infection dose (10 cysts) in the brain. These findings may prove beneficial while designing experimental methodologies for detecting T. gondii infections in mice.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.1520-1521
• /
• 2008

There are several ways to demonstrate white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for displays and solid state lighting applications. Among these approaches are the stacked three primary or two complementary colors light-emitting layers, multiple-doped emissive layer, and excimer and exciplex emission [1-10]. We report on white phosphorescent excimer devices by using two light emitting materials based on platinum complexes. These devices showed a peak EQE of 15.7%, with an EQE of 14.5% (17 lm/W) at $500\;cd/m^2$, and a noticeable improvement in both the CIE coordinates (0.381, 0.401) and CRI (81). Devices with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA (30 nm)/26 mCPy: 12% FPt (10 nm) /26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4 (15 nm)/BCP (40 nm)/CsF/Al [device 1], ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA (30 nm)/26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4 (15 nm)/26 mCPy: 12% FPt (10 nm)/BCP (40 nm)/CsF/Al [device 2], and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA (30 nm)/26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4: 12% FPt (25 nm)/BCP (40 nm)/CsF/Al [device 3] were fabricated. In these cases, the emissive layer was either the double-layer of 26 mCPy:12% FPt and 15 nm 26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4, or the single layer of 26mCPy with simultaneous doping of Pt-4 and FPt. Device characterization indicates that the CIE coordinates/CRI of device 2 were (0.341, 0.394)/75, (0.295, 0.365)/70 at 5 V and 7 V, respectively. Significant change in EL spectra with the drive voltage was observed for device 2 indicating a shift in the carrier recombination zone, while relatively stable EL spectra was observed for device 1. This indicates a better charge trapping in Pt-4 doped layers [10]. On the other hand, device 3 having a single light-emitting layer (doped simultaneously) emitted a board spectrum combining emission from the Pt-4 monomer and FPt excimer. Moreover, excellent color stability independent of the drive voltage was observed in this case. The CIE coordinates/CRI at 4 V ($40\;cd/m^2$) and 7 V ($7100\;cd/m^2$) were (0.441, 0.421)/83 and (0.440, 0.427)/81, respectively. A balance in the EL spectra can be further obtained by lowering the doping ratio of FPt. In this regard, devices with FPt concentration of 8% (denoted as device 4) were fabricated and characterized. A shift in the CIE coordinates of device 4 from (0.441, 0.421) to (0.382, 0.401) was observed due to an increase in the emission intensity ratio of Pt-4 monomer to FPt excimer. It is worth noting that the CRI values remained above 80 for such device structure. Moreover, a noticeable stability in the EL spectra with respect to changing bias voltage was measured indicating a uniform region for exciton formation. A summary of device characteristics for all cases discussed above is shown in table 1. The forward light output in each case is approximately $500\;cd/m^2$. Other parameters listed are driving voltage (Bias), current density (J), external quantum efficiency (EQE), power efficiency (P.E.), luminous efficiency (cd/A), and CIE coordinates. To conclude, a highly efficient white phosphorescent excimer-based OLEDs made with two light-emitting platinum complexes and having a simple structure showed improved EL characteristics and color properties. The EQE of these devices at $500\;cd/m^2$ is 14.5% with a corresponding power efficiency of 17 lm/W, CIE coordinates of (0.382, 0.401), and CRI of 81.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.1577-1582
• /
• 2006

Tandem OLED structures formed by connecting two or more low-voltage electroluminescent units (stacks) are effective for achieving high efficiency at low current density as well as long operational lifetime. We have fabricated white emitting tandem structures with two or three low-voltage white-emitting stacks using transparent organic "PN"-type connectors. Three- stack white tandem structures with efficiency greater than 24 cd/A at D65 and operational stability of about 110,000 h. (extrapolated) at $1000\;cd/m^2$ have been demonstrated. With a stacked structure, the power consumption for displays using an RGBW format can be reduced by 25% compared to previously described formulations. We have also fabricated advanced white tandem structures where the color gamut (NTSC x,y ratio) has been improved to greater than 70% using standard color filters. The white OLEDs can also be used to increase the colorrendering index CRI (>80%), an important consideration for solid-state lighting.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2009

Recently, great advance is achieved in the field of genome-wide functional screening using cell-based assay. Here, we briefly introduce well-established and typical cell-based assays of GPCR and some parameters which should be considered for genome-wide functional screening. Because of characters and importance of GPCR as drug targets, several ways of assay systems were devised. Among them, high-content screening (HCS) that is based on the analysis of image by confocal microscope is becoming favorite choice. The advances in this technology have been driven exclusively by industry for their convenience. Now, it is turn for academy to define more detail signaling networks via HCS using cDNA or siRNA libraries at genome-wide level. By isolating novel signaling mediators using cDNA or siRNA library, and postulating them as new candidates for therapeutic target, more understanding about life science and more increased chances to develop therapeutics against human disease will be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2011

In order to develop highly-integrated RGBY(Red, Green, Blue, Yellow) LED light, a high thermal radiation ceramic package was manufactured, and the encapsulation process was applied with a vacuum printing encapsulation system(VPES). After the completion of vacuum printing, the shape of the encapsulation layer could be controlled by heat treatment during the curing process, and the optical power became highly increased as the encapsulation layer approached a dome shape. The optical characteristics involved in a Correlated Color Temperature(CCT), a Color Rendering Index (CRI), and the efficiency of RGBY LED light were able to be identified by the experimental designing method. Regarding the characteristics of the white light of RGBY LED light, which were measured on the basis of the aforementioned optical characteristics, CRI posted 88, CCT recorded 5,720[$^{\circ}K$], and efficiency exhibited 52[lm/W]. The chip temperature of RGBY LEDs was below 55[$^{\circ}C$] when the consumption power of LED chips was 0.1[W] for the red, 0.3[W] for the green, 0.08[W] for the blue, and 0.24[W] for the yellow. Also, the thermal resistance of the highly-integrated RGBY LED light measured by T3Ster was 2.3[K/W].

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2016

In this study, we fabricated high quality color conversion component with green/red phosphor and low melting glass frit. The color conversion component was prepared by placing the green and red phosphor layer on slide glass via screen printing process. The properties of color conversion component could be controlled by changing coating sequence, layer thickness and heat treatment temperature. We discovered that optical properties of color conversion component were generally determined by the lowest layer. On the other hand, the heat treatment temperature also affected to correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rending index (CRI). The color conversion component with a green (lower) - red (upper) layer which was sintered at $550^{\circ}C$ showed the best optical properties: CCT, CRI and luminance efficacy were 3340 K, 78, and 56.5 lm/w, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2002

The p27 coding region of the SIVmac239 isolate was amplified by PCR and cloned into an expression vector, pMAL-cri, which expressed high levels of the p27 protein from Escherichia coli. The purified p27 protein was used for detection of anti-SIV antibodies with the sera from 11 macaques and 21 marmosets by immunoblot assay of which one macaque was suspicious for the SIV infection. The optimum conditions of ELISA was studied by the check board system with the recombinant purified p27 protein. For the plate coating, 200ng/well of the purified p27 was satisfactory. The conjugate was diluted 1:1000. The sera from the 32 monkeys were negative for the anti-SIV by ELISA.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2019

Survivability of soldiers has been greatly threatened by the development of thermal observation device(TOD). Therefore, infrared, especially thermal, stealth technology is applied to combat suit to avoid detection from TOD. In this study, prior to the thermal camouflage performance evaluation of combat suit, thermal signature characteristic from clothed the human body was analyzed considering the realistic condition for human surface temperature compared to that from unclothed human body. To get the realistic surface temperature distribution of human, thermoregulation and multi-layer skin structure model is applied to the human model. Based on temperature distribution, surface diffuse radiance in thermal range is calculated and by assuming the background conditions, contrast radiance intensity(CRI) characteristic of human body is analyzed. By wearing clothing, the CRI between background and human body became reduced in low emissive background but in high emissive background, the contrast is much more prominent. Therefore, this issue should be considered in design process of thermal camouflage combat suit.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2017

Concerns about high radiation exposure to the hands of radiation workers who may contact with radioactive contamination on surfaces in a nuclear power plant (NPP) had been raised, and the Korean regulatory body required the extremity dose estimation during contact tasks with radioactive materials. Korean NPPs conducted field tests to identify the incident radiation to the hands of radiation workers who may contact with radioactive contamination during maintenance periods. The results showed that the radiation fields for contact tasks are dominated by high energy photons. It was also found that the radiation doses to the hands of radiation workers in Korean NPPs were much less than the annual dose limits for extremities. This approach can be applicable to measure and estimate the extremity dose to the hands of medical workers who handle the radioactive materials in a hospital.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.05e
• /
• pp.100-103
• /
• 2003

고휘도 LED(light emitting diode) 빨강(R), 녹색(G), 파랑(B), 호박색(A), 백색(W) 등의 중요한 광학특성인 광속(luminous flux), 효율(luminous efficacy), 피크 파장(peak wavelength), 가중치 평균 파장(weighted average wavelength), 반치폭 (full width at ha1f maximum), 색도좌표(chromaticity coordinate), 주 파장(dominant wavelength), 자극순도 (excitation purity) 와 휘도순도(colorimetric purity)에 대해서 비교검토하였다. 시험결과로 제시된 LED의 기본적인 특성 데이터는 추후, 새로운 조명용 LED 램프나 등기구(luminaire)를 개발 및 특성연구에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.