• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

To perform the navigation functions more efficiently, the navigation menu structure should be provided easy to understand to the driver in the vehicle environment that is restricted by driving workload, According to these conditions, to design better navigation interface, it is important to study on the navigation menu structure that is depend on the screen size and the information width and depth. Therefore, in this study we provided the different menu structures of 7-inch touchscreen LCD and 4-inch touchscreen LCD to the driver respectively in the driving simulator. Then, we compared the preference of each menu structures with the different touchscreen LCD.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

In this study, the usability evaluation of a menu-structure was performed using spreading activation model with respect to human's memory retrieval. Spreading Activation Model is effectively used to understand the process of information retrieval, so it can be used as a theoretical background for modeling of the process of human's information retrieval. For spreading activation test (SAT), subjects were presented with 67 pairs of menu titles, which consist of a menu title in the high level menu item and a menu title for the next lower level menu item, from Korea University's web site. For performance tests, three scenarios were developed with longer reaction times and ambiguous associations found in the SAT to reflect the existing problems of the website. As a result, the SAT was found to bean effective tool to enhance the website usability because the SAT could bea substitute for the performance test with a high correlation $({\rho}=0.735,\;{\alpha}=0.05)$. After remaining menu titles with slow reaction times and ambiguous associations found in SAT, the website usability was significantly improved with faster reaction times and less ambiguous associations proven with smaller number of web-page visits. Therefore, the SAT could be used as a methodology to design and evaluate the user-centered menu structure related to human's association structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-87
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• 2007

With the rapid change of the Web and E-transaction application, the search interface is providing more powerful search and visualization methods, while offering smoother integration of technology with task. Especially, visualization techniques for long menu-lists are applied in retrieval system with the goal of improving performance in user's ability to select one item from a long list. In order to review visualization techniques appropriate to the types of users and data set, this study compared the five visualization browsers such as the Tree-structured menu, the Table-of-contents menu, the Roll-over menu, the Click menu, and Fisheye menu. The result of general analyses shows that among the hierarchical methods, the experienced group prefers the Table-of-contents method menu, whereas the novice's group prefers the Tree-structure method menu. Among the linear methods, the two groups prefer the Roll-over menu. The Roll-over menu is most preferred among the five browsers by the two groups.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2002

This study investigates effective ways to help users form a correct mental model of the hierarchical information space (HIS) in small display. The focus is the effect of color cue on understanding the structure and navigating the information space. The concept of color space (CS) corresponds well to the HIS - one color has a unique position in the CS as a piece of information does in HIS. In this study, we empirically examined two types of color cue, namely, categorical and depth cue. Hue was used as a categorical cue and tone was used as a depth cue. In our experiment, we evaluate the effectiveness of the color cues in the mobile internet system. Subjects were asked to perform four searching tasks and four comparison tasks. The results of experiment reveal that the categorical cues significantly improve the user's mental model whereas decrease navigation performances. The depth cues cannot aid in understanding the HIS as well as improve navigation performances. This study concludes with limitations of the study and descriptions of future studies.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

This study was contrived Hierarchical Information Search (HIS) model. HIS model is based on a “cognitive process” in which model, comprising basic human information processing mechanize and information interaction. Its process include 3 semantic cognitive processes: Schema-Association LTM, Form Domain, and Alternative Selection. Design methodology consists to elicitate memory, thinking and cognitive response variables. In case study, menu structure of mobile phone was applied. In result, a correlation between predictive error rate and real error rate was .892. and a correlation between selective and real reaction time was .697. This present to suggest a model of how the methodology could be applied to real system design effectively when this was used. HIS model could become one of the most important factors for success of product design. In the perspective, the systemic methodology would contribute to design a quantitative and predictive system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.289-289
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• 2000

In this paper, a new text-based method is suggested for the user-system interaction. The use of text-based user interface is mote efficient under situation which don't be introduced the GUI because of the limitation of hardware cost or improvement of system performance. The dialogical method using suggested hierarchical structure is the easier for a convenience of usage and the method in this paper is the more useful as considering knowledgeable background and environment of task for user As a practical example, the method for the proposed text-based user interface construction is applied to Double-Lift Open Shedding Electronic Jacquard.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

The tactical computer is currently being developed and installed in armored vehicles and tanks for reinforcement. With the tactical computer, Korea Army will be able to grasp the deployment status of our forces, enemy, and obstacles under varying situations. Furthermore, it makes the exchange of command and tactical intelligence possible. Recent studies showed that the task performance is greatly affected by the user interface. The U.S. Army is now conducting user-centered evaluation tests based on C2 (Command & Control) to develop tactical intelligence machinery and tools. This study aims to classify and regroup subordinate menu functions according to the user-centered task performance for the Korea Army's tactical computer. Also, the research suggests an ergonomically sound layout and size of main touch buttons by considering human factors guidelines for button design. To achieve this goal, eight hierarchical subordinate menu functions are initially drawn through clustering analysis and then each group of menu functions was renamed. Based on the suggested menu structure, new location and size of the buttons were tested in terms of response time, number of error, and subjective preference by comparing them to existing ones. The result showed that the best performance was obtained when the number of buttons or functions was eight to conduct tactical missions. Also, the improved button size and location were suggested through the experiment. It was found in addition that the location and size of the buttons had interactions regarding the user's preference.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 2024

Purpose: This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to evaluate the relative importance of the factors that school nutrition teachers and dietitians consider during menu planning for school foodservices across various educational levels. Methods: An online survey was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. The hierarchical structure for school foodservice menu management was developed through content analysis, consisting of five high-level categories and 3-4 low-level factors. Questionnaires were distributed to 395 nutrition teachers and dietitians from kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high schools nationwide. One hundred and sixty-six responses were received, resulting in a 42.0% return rate. These responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics. Results: The most commonly referenced sources for school foodservice menu planning were 'menus obtained from websites' (19.4%). The most significant challenge encountered was 'incorporating students' preferences' (18.6%). In the hierarchy of categories considered for school foodservice menu management, 'employees and facilities' ranked highest (0.2347), followed by 'preference' (0.2312), 'nutrition balance' (0.2027), 'cooking process' (0.1726), and 'food materials' (0.1588). Within each category, the top-ranked factors were 'employees' cooking skills' (0.3759), 'students' preferences' (0.4310), 'dietary reference intakes' (0.4968), 'foodservice hygiene' (0.4374), and 'food costs' (0.4213). The study also compared the relative importance of factors according to the educational levels, and the top-ranked factors were the same across all educational levels. In particular, 'students' preferences', 'dietary reference intake', and 'food costs' aligned with the top three challenges in school foodservice menu planning. Conclusion: Enhancing working conditions for school foodservice employees and developing menu planning methods that accommodate students' preferences are necessary. These findings will provide foundational data for future school foodservice menu management strategies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2018

Applications have evolved with the evolution of smartphones, and the search structure is changing as well. In this study, we searched through various cases of cross platform and found out the search pattern and suggested correct usage method accordingly. As a result, the search structure for cross platform can be divided into persistent navigation, temporary navigation, and auxiliary navigation. Persistent navigation is available in a hierarchical structure using springboards, lists, galleries, and top menus. Temporary navigation can take advantage of drawers, toggle menus, and pie menus, while secondary navigation can provide the same experience across platforms using an accordion menu or scrolling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.29A no.9
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• pp.65-75
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• 1992

In this paper, we introduce an integrated layout design system, SOLGER. Our system incorporates useful design tools : a powerful layout editor, a coherent access mechanism for large volumes of design data, an incremental design rule checker for hierarchical design environment, node extractor and electrical rule checker, a technology capture which is used for defining technology-specific information, and a procedural design environment for user customization. Also, we present a modified corner-stitching data structure which allows 45$^{\circ}$-angled bilateral edges. Users are provided with a multi-window design environment and a menu-driven interface. SOLGER is being used for VLSI designs practically.