• 생약학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1999

The cytotoxic and antitumor activity of Herba cratalariae sessiliflorae on cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblast and human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) colorimetric method. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of cultured mouse fibroblast and human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells (KB). These results were obtained as follows; Ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts showed a significant cytotoxicity in NIH 3T3 fibroblast, but the other extracts did not show. All extracts exhibited a significant antitumor activity in human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells, but ethanol extract did not show a antitumor activity. Hexane extract showed low cytotoxic effect, but exhibited the most antitumor activity. The MTT absorbance in NIH 3T3 fibroblast was significantly decreased by treatment with chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts respectively. Human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells was significantly decreasd by treatment with all extracts with the exception of ethanol extract. The difference in MTT absorbance in two cell Types was most remarkable when treated with water and hexane extracts. Cholroform and hexane extracts showed the strongest effect in growth inhibition of human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. These results indicated that water extract possessed no cytotoxicity and a strong antitumor activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.900-905
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 들깨의 불용성 및 수용성 식이 섬유소의 함량을 측정하였으며 들깨의 methanol 추출물, hexane 추출물, MSF 및 식이 섬유소를 추출하여 항돌연변이 효과를 관찰하였다. 들깨의 총 식이 섬유소의 함량은 신선물인 경우 17.2%였고 건조물인 경우 18.2%였으며 이 가운데 94%가 불용성식이 섬유소였다. 들깨의 용매 추출물 중에서 methanol 추출물과 MSF는 AFB$_{1}$에 의해 유발된 돌연변이를 상당히 억제시켰으며 methanol 추출물과 MSF를 2.5mg/assay 첨가군에서 각각 91%와 87%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 같은 농도에서 SDF의 첨가군은 억제효과가 나타나지 않았고 hexane 추출물은 20%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 한편 직접 돌연변이원인 MNNG를 돌연변이원으로 사용한 경우에 항돌연변이 효과는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 즉 SDF를 1.25mg/assay 첨가한 군은 17%, MSF 2.5mg/assay 첨가군은 27%의 저해율을 보였을 뿐 methanol과 hexane 추출물 첨가군은 억제효과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 들깨의 용매 추출물은 간접 돌연변이원에 의한 돌연변이성을 억제시키는 것을 알수 있었다. 또한 불용성 식이 섬유소의 경우 Trp-P-2에 의해 유발된 돌연변이를 다소(13~18%)억제 하는것을 알 수 있다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.18.1-18.6
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• 2018

Background: Cutaneous bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes are often involved in acne vulgaris. The currently available therapeutic option for these skin pathogens is an antibiotic treatment, resulting in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to discover an alternative antibacterial agent with lower side effect from marine algae. Results: The ethanolic extract of edible brown algae Ishige okamurae exhibits potent antibacterial activity against cutaneous bacterial pathogens. Among the ethanol soluble fractions, the n-hexane (Hexane)-soluble fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against the pathogens with MIC values ranging 64 to $512{\mu}g/mL$ and with minimum bactericidal concentration values ranging 256 to $2048{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, the combination with Hexane fraction and antibiotics (ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem) exhibited synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study revealed that the I. okamurae extract exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect against acnerelated cutaneous bacterial pathogens acquired antibiotic resistant. Thus, the results of the present study suggested that the edible seaweed extract will be a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against antibiotic-human skin pathogens and its infections.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2009

Objectives: The present study is focused on the inhibitory effect of the rhizome hexane fraction extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus (ginger hexan extract; GHE) on the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, $PGE_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. Methods: We separated the hexane fraction from Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus's methanol extract. The inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effect of GHE was examined on microglial activation. Results: GHE significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-1${\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, GHE attenuated the mRNA expressions and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory properties of GHE may make it useful as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2002

Paeonia japonica var. pilosa $N_{AKAI}$, (PJ; Baek-Jak-Yak) is a medicinal plant which has been widely used as a component or blood-building decoctions. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effects of PJ in mice, using in vitro and in vivo experiments. The immunomodulative effects were studied in vitro by determining the proliferation or mice splenocytes and the production of three kinds of cytokines (IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) by mire peritoneal macrophages which were cultured with sequential fractions of PJ methanol extract (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water). In an in vivo experiment using mice, different concentrations of PJ water extract were orally administrated every other day for two weeks. The production of cytokines (IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) secreted by activated macrophages, and the proliferation of mice splenocytes, were used as indices for immunocompetence. In vitro supplementation using a hexane fraction of PJ in the range of 1 to 100 $\mu$ g/ml enhanced splenocyte proliferation by 1.8 to 12%, and by 10-15% using an aqueous fraction, compared to the control. IL-l$\beta$ production was significantly increased with the supplementation of butanol, hexane and water extracts of PJ Higher levels of IL-6 production were detected with supplementation of chloroform or water extracts. However, there were no significant differences in the production of TNF-$\alpha$ among the treated groups and the control. From the in vivo study, the highest proliferation of splenocytes was seen in the mice orally administrated with the PJ water extract at the concentration of 500 mg/kg body weight. In the case of cytosine production, IL-1-$\beta$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ released by activated peritoneal macrophages were augmented by the oral administration of a PJ water extract. These results indicate that Pl may enhance the immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production capacity in mice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.659-663
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• 2006

해조류로부터 항암활성을 가지는 생리활성물질을 탐색하기 위하여 홍조해조류의 하나인 참곱슬이를 용매별 추출한 후, 분획하여 암세포 성장 억제효과를 연구하였다. 참곱슬이를 이용하여 대장암 세포주 HT-29에 대해 methanol, ethanol 및 acetone 추출물을 처리했을 때 모두 농도에 의존적으로 성장저해 효과가 나타났고, 그 중에서도 methanol 추출물에서는 50 mg/ml 농도 처리 시 12% 이하의 생존률을 보이는 가장 강한 암세포 성장 억제효과를 보였다. 또한 HT-29 암세포 성장에 대한 현미경 관찰 결과 methanol 추출물은 대조구에 비하여 암세포 성장 억제 정도와 세포의 수축등 형태변화가 두드러지게 나타났다. 그리고 가장 활성이 좋은 methanol 추출물을 용매 분획하여 얻은 분획물 중 n-hexane과 diethyl ether 분획물에서 암세포 성장 억제효과를 보였으며, n-hexane 분획물이 HT-29 세포주에 대하여 가장 높은 항암활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 n-hexane 분획물에 대한 여러 인체 암세포주에 대해 항암활성을 확인하기 위하여 HT-29와 같은 대장암 유래의 세포주 SW620, 자궁경부암 세포 HeLa 및 유방암세포 MCF-7에 대한 암세포 성장 억제효과를 확인한 결과, 3종의 암세포주에서 모두 농도 의존적으로 높은 항암활성을 보임에 따라 참곱슬이에 여러 인체 암세포 성장 억제효과를 가지는 생리활성 물질이 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

The production of malondiadehyde(MDA) was significantly decreased when the methoanol extract of persimmon leaves was added to the system. The methanol extract of persimmon leaves was fractionated by using various solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol. Among the above fractions especially the chloroform fraction, ethylacetate fraction revealed the strong antioxidative activities. The hot water extract of the persimmon leaves was less effective than tannin which was extracted from persimmon leaves in antioxidative activity.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract for assessing whether Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ can be used for the development of natural mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The extract was obtained from branches of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$. The solvent fractions were acquired by fractionating Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol solvent. Paper disc test was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract and solvent fractions against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The analysis of antioxidant activity was carried out through DPPH radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract was analyzed through MTT assay using normal human oral keratinocytes. RESULTS. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and especially Candida albicans. The solvent fractions of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ showed strong antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in n-hexane and butanol solvent fraction, respectively. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract also showed outstanding antioxidant activity. Butanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvent fraction of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ tended to have increased antioxidant activity as the concentration increased. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract showed high cell survival rate in cytotoxicity test. CONCLUSION. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract turned out to have antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytophilicity. Based on these results, it is expected that Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ is applicable as an ingredient for natural mouthwash and denture cleanser.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2010

The potential biological activities of methanol extract and 5 fractions (hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, BuOH and water) from roots of Astragalus membranaceus were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging activity, reducing power assays, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition assays. The EtOAc fraction showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=170.34\;{\mu}g/mL$), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=32.14\;{\mu}g/mL$), lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity ($EC_{50}=52.46\;{\mu}g/mL$) and a concentration dependence, with OD value ranging from 0.234 to 0.345 (0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL), for reducing power. The EtOAc fraction has the highest total phenolic content ($142.13\;Gal\;{\mu}g/mg$) and the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction has the highest flavonoid content ($71.63\;Que\;{\mu}g/mg$). Meanwhile, hexane and EtOAc showed certain $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activities. These results suggest that the methanol extract and fractions from Astragalus membranaceus root have significant antioxidant and anti-diabetes activities, which could be used as a potential source of pharmaceutical materials.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1997

Hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Paeoniae Radix were tested on the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats for lowering effect of serum lipoprotein contents. Hyperlipidemia was induced on male Wistar rats by feeding high cholestetrol diet for 7 days. Serum lipid profile was verified on these rats by measuring total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Then, the diet was changed to normal. At the same time, hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extract of Paeoniae Radix were given orally on daily basis, and the changes in the serum lipid profile were assessed for 4 weeks. Methanol extract of Paeoniae radix decreased TC level at 1, 2, and 4 week point significantly, and water extract decreased TC level at 4 week point significantly comparing with the control group.