• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.403-408
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the volatile flavor compounds of Pinus densiflora Sieb & Zucc according to extraction solvents and steam distillation method. The research results are as follows: 29 kinds of components were extracted by extraction solvents. Hydrocarbon was the major flavor components of the Pinus densiflora Sieb & Zucc. When the flavor components were extracted by solvents and analyzed by GC-Mass, in the hexane, ${\alpha}$-pinene was the highest and the contents ${\beta}$-thujene, trans-caryophyllene, ${\beta}$-mercene, ${\beta}$-cubebene were higher; in the ethyl acetate, the ${\alpha}$-cubebene content was the highest and the contents ${\alpha}$-cubebene, 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxanonadecan-1-ol, camphene were higher; in the ethanol, the ${\beta}$-D4-tetrahydropyran was the highest and the contents ${\gamma}$-cadinene, 3-ethyl-1,4-hexadiene, ${\alpha}$-cubebene were higher. When the volatile constituents were extracted by steam distillation method, 44 kinds of components were extracted. Hydrocarbon was the major flavor components of the Pinus densiflora Sieb & Zucc. The ${\beta}$-cubebene content was the highest and the contents trans-caryophyllene, 2-hexenal, T-muurolol, ${\delta}$-cadinene were higher. This fact indicated that volatile constituents differ depending upon the extracting solvents and method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.900-905
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• 2001

In this study, the levels of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in Perilla frutescens seed were quantified and antimutageinc effects of perilla seeds extracts (method extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction and dietary fiber)was carried out IDF and SDF values of perilla seeds were 16.1% and 1.1% , respectively, with 17.2 of total fiber content. Among the solvent extracts of perilla seeds, methanol extract and methanol soluble fraction (MSF) effectively inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$)in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, Methanol extract of perilla seeds showed 91% inhibition against AFB$_{1}$ mutagen under the 2.5 mg/assay concentration, and MSF inhibited the mutagenicity of 87% by adding 1.25,g/assay. However, perilla seed extracts showed low inhibition rate on the mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitosoguanidine(MNNG). And also, SDF and hexane extracts from perilla seeds did not show the antimutagenic effects against AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG. On the hand, IDF extracted from perilla seeds inhibited 21% of mutagenicity induced Trp-P-2 due to the carcinogen binding effect.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

Methanol and hexane extracts from 35 species in 27 families of herbal plants were evaluated for their acaricidal activities against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae by leaf-dipping and spraying methods in laboratory, pot and field, respectively. Acaricidal activities were different depending on herbal plants. When T. urticae was released on leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis that were dipped in the 1,000 ppm hexane extracts from fruits of Torreya nucifer and Daphan genkwa, seeds of Xanthium strumarium and Pharbitis nil at one minute they experienced 56.8, 47.8, 47.7, and 47.7% mortalities, respectively. Dipping time influenced acaricidal activity, that is, one minute dipping was more effective than 30 second dipping of Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis leaves. However, extracts of X. strumarium and P. nil seeds had comparatively high activities. Concentration of hexane extract of X. strumarium and P. nil seeds revealing LC50 were 1,824 and 1,899 ppm, respectively. Extracts of both plants from hot and cold water were not effective representing <20% mortality at 1,000 ppm. However, hexane extracts of X. strumarium and P. nil seeds were effective against T. urticae on P. vulgaris var. humilis representing 76.3 and 71.3% mortalities in pot, respectively. Control effects of hexane extract of P. nil seed were 50.8 and 35.1% at 2,000 and 1,000 ppm against T. urticae on Chrysanthemum morifolium in greenhouse, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2019

Calystegia soldanella is distributed in coastal sand dunes and has high environmental adaptability; it is also known to be effective for anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-septic, and diuretic action. This study investigated the effect of crude extracts and organic solvent fractions of C. soldanella on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, MMP activity, and cell mobility in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. C. soldanella was twice extracted, once with methylene chloride (MC) and once with methanol (MeOH). After the MC and MeOH extracts were combined, their suppressive effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, MMP enzymatic activity, and gene and protein expression were measured by gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot method. Cell mobility for the HT-1080 cells was observed by wound healing assay. The combined crude extracts showed a significant suppressive effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. To explore active inhibitory elements, the combined extracts were fractionated according to polarity into with n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water. Across these four solvent fractions, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and cell mobility in the HT-1080 cells were all strongly inhibited by the n-hexane fraction. These results suggest that C. soldanella extract and organic solvent fractions could be used as potent MMP inhibitors for effective anti-cancer treatments to suppress cancer invasion and metastasis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1241-1250
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• 2019

Artemisia argyi H. has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine and food supplement in Asian countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological activities of Artemisia argyi H. extracts prepared by butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, hexane, and methanol extraction. We evaluated total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and osteoclastogenesis inhibition. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the methanol extract (49.46 mg GAE/g and 24.32 mg QE/g, respectively). The methanol extracts also had the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power), while the hexane extract had the lowest. The release of NO and ROS was dose-dependently decreased by pre-treatment with all solvent extracts. At the same concentrations, the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts showed higher inhibition of NO and ROS production when compared with the other extracts. The butanol extract, at a concentration of $20{\mu}g/ml$, inhibited about 89% of the activity of the osteoclast marker, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). These results suggest that butanol extracts of Artemisia argyi H. may be effective natural medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.980-986
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• 2021

Natural products have always been an attractive source in terms of novel anti-metastatic compounds which can hinder MMP expression and activity. Corydalis heterocarpa is a salt marsh plant found in the seashores throughout Korea. Its yellow flowers and spikes have been an ingredient in folk medicine to treat spasm and contractions. The present study assessed the potential of different solvent-based fractions from the crude extract of Corydalis heterocarpa (CHE), a halophyte with reported bioactivities, to suppress the PMA-induced MMP expression in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. The solvent fractions which were named after the solvent used for fractionation (n-hexane, 85% aqueous (aq.) methanol (MeOH), n-butanol (BuOH), and H₂O were shown to inhibit the both elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and simultaneously relieved the suppression on the expression of the endogenous MMP inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Results indicated that the CHE fractions might intervene with the PMA-induced activation of the MAPK signaling which is the upstream activator of MMP overexpression. Among tested samples, 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions of CHE was determined to be the most active and future studies to isolate the bioactive substances responsible for the regulation of the MMP expression are, therefore, urged. In conclusion, C. heterocarpa was shown to be a potential source of anti-metastatic compounds and n-Hexane and MeOH fractions might yield lead molecules to develop novel MMP inhibitors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1100-1109
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• 2021

The halophyte Artemisia scoparia is an edible medicinal plant, with insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anticholesterol, antipyretic, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of crude extract and solvent-partitioned fractions obtained from A. scoparia on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells using four different activity tests: gelatin zymography, MMP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), wound healing assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot assay. A. scoparia samples were extracted twice with methylene chloride (MC) and twice with methanol (MeOH). After the MC and MeOH crude extracts were combined, the combined crude extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect against MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes. They were then fractionated into n-hexane, 85% (v/v) aqueous methanol (85% (v/v) aq.MeOH), n-butanol, and water according to solvent polarity. Among the four solvent-partitioned fractions, n-hexane and 85% (v/v) aq. MeOH fractions significantly inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and cell mobility. In addition, the n-hexane and 85% (v/v) aq.MeOH fractions effectively inhibited MMP-2 and -9 activity in the gelatin zymography and MMP ELISA assay. In the wound healing assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot assay, all solvent-partitioned fractions, except the H₂O fraction, significantly suppressed cell migration, as well as the expression levels of MMP-2 and -9 mRNA and proteins.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.426-433
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• 2023

Capacitor performance was considered using coffee grounds-based activated carbon produced through oil extraction and KOH activation to increase the utilization of boiwaste. Oil extraction from coffee grounds was performed by solvent extraction using n-Hexane and isopropyl alcohol solvents. The AC_CG-Hexane/IPA produced by KOH activation after oil extraction increased the specific surface area by up to 16% and the average pore size by up to 2.54 nm compared to AC_CG produced only by KOH activation without oil extraction. In addition, the pyrrolic/pyridinic N functional group of the prepared activated carbon increased with the extraction of oil from coffee grounds. In the cyclic voltage-current method measurement experiment, the specific capacitance of AC_CG-Hexane/IPA at a voltage scanning speed of 10 mV/s is 133 F/g, which is 33% improved compared to the amorphous capacity of AC_CG (100 F/g). The results show improved electrochemical properties by improving the size and specific surface area of the mesopores of activated carbon by removing components from coffee grounds oil and synergistic effects by increasing electrical conductivity with pyrrolic/pyridinic N functional groups. In this study, the recycling method and application of coffee grounds, a bio-waste, is presented, and it is considered to be one of the efficient methods that can be utilized as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2016

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor in the oral cavity, comprising up to 90% of oral cancer. Oral cancer is characterized by a marked tendency of local invasiveness and is good for early detection and treatment; therefore, it is recognized as a good model for cancer prevention. The present study investigated the antioxidant, thrombin inhibitory, and anti-invasive activities of the solvent fractions of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Samples were fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions, and each of these was assayed individually. The water fraction showed the highest extraction yield at 9.79%(w/w). Anti-oxidative activity was analyzed by DPPH assay. Thrombin inhibitory activity was used to analyze thrombin inhibitor assay. Cell viability was detected by the MTS assay. The activity and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human oral squamous carcinoma YD-10B cells were examined by zymography and RT-PCR. The antioxidative activities of hexane and water fractions were 92.38% and 92.96%, respectively. In the thrombin inhibitory activity test, water fraction was the highest, with a value of 65.86%. MMP-2/-9 activation was increased in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced YD-10B cells. MMP-9 activation was increased in thrombin-treated YD-10B cells. In PMA- or thrombin-treated YD-10B cells, the increased mRNA expression and protein activation of MMP-2/-9 were significantly inhibited in the hexane fraction. Therefore, the hexane fraction obtained from a Zingiber officinale Roscoe water extract is a promising therapeutic anti-invasive agent in oral cancer.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.582-586
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• 2008

Total phenolic compounds and antioxidative activities of rooibos tea(Aspalathus linearis) fractions were studied. Three extracts, using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, were prepared. Total phenolic compounds were 3069.3 mg/100 g extract in the hexane fraction, 18604.4 mg/100 g extract in the ethyl acetate fraction, and 13458.8 mg/100 g extract in the ethanol fraction. Levels of vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, 4-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were analyzed by RP-HPLC, and totals of 3452.6 and 3156.1 mg/100 g of extract were found in the ethanol and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively. In the DPPH assay, the ethanol fraction(82.2% of contol) and the ethyl acetate fraction(78.9%) showed the highest free radical scavenging capacities. The induction period of each tea fraction in the fish oil rancimat assay was measured. When 500 ppm of the ethanol fraction was applied, a 1.19 h induction period was observed. This was 2-fold greater than the induction period of the control.