• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.281-286
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of heterophoria variations according to visual fatigue induced by increasing number of examinations while repeating binocular vision examinations. Twenty - one adults in their twenties who had no heterotropia other eye disease or systemic disease underwent binocular vision examinations. As the examinations progressed, the degree of heterophoria increased in both orthophoria and heterophoria. When the distance examinations was repeated 5 times, orthophoria increased degree of $1.56{\Delta}$ heterophoria. and heterophoria increased degree of $1.63{\Delta}$ heterophoria. When the near examinations was repeated 5 times, orthophoria increased degree of $1.78{\Delta}$ heterophoria. and heterophoria increased degree of $2{\Delta}$ heterophoria.. As the number of examinations increased, the result gradually deviated from the normal range as visual fatigue increased. The degree of the variation is judged to be enough to make the wrong prescription in the clinic. In conclusion, it was found that the binocular vision examinations should be conducted more accurately and promptly.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

Accommodation and convergence is combination movement which is closely connected with each other. When one of them is stimulated, both of functions occur at the same time. Specially, the convergence by the accommodation's stimulation is called as accommodative convergence. That has excess or deficiency according to refraction state of eye. This study was performed by using both of Gradient method and Heterophoria method to 41 adults who have no any ophthalmic disease. 1. As the result of investigation about the distribution of heterophoria at distance, there were orthophoria of 5 subjects, exophoria of 32 and esophoria of 4. Exoporia occupied at the hightest rate. The distribution of heterophoria at near cover a wider range more than at distance. 2. When we measured the horizontal heterophoria amount in the state of relaxation of accommodation power of lens, exophoria amount increased in case of 38 subjects. 3. The person who has $4{\sim}6{\Delta}/D$ which conform to normal AC/A ratio occupied 27 subjects(66%) in Heterophoria method and 16(39%) in Gradient method, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.485-491
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• 2012

To investigate the difference in the value of horizontal heterophoria measured in phoria test of about normal 72 college students, using both Von Graefe test and Maddox rod test. We used two different methods which are Von Graefe test and Maddox rod test on full correction condition at the long distance. Using Von Graefe test of horizontal heterophoria Measurement, We measured 21 patients(29%) for orthophoria, 36 patients(50%) for exophoria and 15 patients(21%) for esophoria at distance. Using Maddox rod test of horizontal heterophoria Measurement, We measured 36 patients(50%) for orthophoria, 26 patients(36%) for exophoria and 10 patients(14%) for esophoria at distance. Each test average were $0.93{\Delta}$ BI for Von Graefe test, $0.96{\Delta}$ BI for Maddox rod test. We could not find the definite difference about the value of horizontal heterophoria aby testing method. Furthermore, heterphoria AC/A ratio was found to vary from 1.0 to 8.8 and its relationship to refractive error could not be determined.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-63
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the near horizontal heterophoria of the college students in their twenties on north Kyonggi Province. Methods: The all subjects had not experienced any ocular surgery and have no disease and their mean age is 22.9. As 122 subjects, they are 50 emmetropes and 72 ametropes. The ametropes are all myopia. After distance visual acuity correction with subjective and objective refraction test, evaluated their horizontal heterophoria with red maddox rod. Results: In maddox rod test, the subjects consist of orthophoria 4.9%, esophoria 9.8% and exophoria 85.3%. In the emmetropes orthophoria is 8%, esophoria is also 8% and exophoria is 84%. In the ametropes orthophoria is 2.8%, esophoria is 11.1% and exophoria is 86.1%. The mean size of horizontal heterophoria is esophoria 3.59PD (prism diopter), exophoria 7.04PD and in the emmetropes esophoria is 3.25PD, exophoria is 6.60PD. In the ametropes esophoria is 3.75PD and exophoria is 7.34PD. Conclusions: In the emmetropoes the orthophoria is more than in the ametropes and the esophoria and exophoria is more in the ametropes. But the differences between the heterophoria and emmetropia or ametropia were not significant (p>0.05). The mean size of heterophoria is higher in the ametropes than in the emmetropoes. The distribution range of heterophoria is wider in the male subjects than the female subjects.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

To investigate the subjective refractive error with Von Graefe test. Maddox Rod test and polarizing lens test of Horizontal Heterophoria Measurement at distance on normal 109 subjects aged from 18 to 30 years old. The results were as follows: 1. Using Von Graefe Horizontal Heterophoria Measurement, they were measured 15% for orthophoria, 65% for exophoria and 20% for esophoria at distance. 2. Using Maddox Rod Horizontal Heterophoria Measurement, they were measured 14% for orthophoria, 57% for exophoria and 29% for esophoria at distance. 3. Using polarizing lens test of Horizontal Heterophoria Measurement, they were measured 15% for orthophoria, 72% for exophoria and 13% for esophoria at distance. 4. Each test average were $1.32{\Delta}BI$ for Von Graefe test, $0.88{\Delta}BI$ for Maddox Rod test and $1.76{\Delta}BI$ for polarizing lens test. 5. Patient's preference distribution were 44% for Von Graefe test, 28% for Maddox Rod test and 28% for polarizing lens test.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2006

We researched distant & near horizontal heterophoria of myope using von graefe method on full correction condition for young people 49 subjects(98eyes) with myopia after testing the objective refraction. Among the whole subjects, we got the results as Orthophoria 51.00%, Exophoria 38.75%, Esophoria 10.25% and Heterophoria 49.00% at a long distant. At a short distant, they showed Orthophoria 22.45%, Exophoria 67.35, Esophoria 10.20%, and Heterophoria 77.55%, Orthophoria 22.45. At a long distant they showed Orthophoria 4.08%, Exophoria 8.16%, Esophoria 0% on high myopia, Orthophoria 18.37%, Exophoria 12.25%, Esophoria 0% on middle myopia and Orthophoria 28.57%, Exophoria 18.37%, Esophoria 10.20% on low myopia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2004

Vertigo is a symptom, not a disease. The tenn vertigo refers to the sensation of spinning or whirling that occurs as a result of a disturbance in balance. It's sometimes referred to as a hallucination of motion. The cause of vertigo is very various and generally divided into peripheral and central. A patient presented with severe vertigo, nystagmus and heteophoria. She has taken the BanHaBaekChulChunMa-tang and treated by acupuncture. After 2 days, her symptoms become disappeared and about 1 week, all symptoms except heterophoria were disapperaed. And after 2 weeks, heterophoria was disappeared. In conclusion, we diagnosed her case as vestbular neuronitis by her clinical course, but we also considered her illness as vertebrobasilar insufficiency, TIA etc.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.71-75
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the condition of refractive correction and heterophoria and monocular pupillary distance on myopic elementary school children wearing glasses in Gwangju city. Methods: Subjective refraction and objective refraction were examined after investigating heterophoria and monocular pupillary distance on 145 (290eye) elementary school children wearing myopia-corrected glasses. Results: 1. Anisometropia > 2.00 D was present in 4 children (3%). 2. 9 anisometropia (47%) were present in 19 undercorrected visual acuity boy wearers. and 16 anisometropia (64%) were present in 25 undercorrected visual acuity girl wearers. 3. Among the 67 myopic glasses boy wearers, the distance between optical centers was coincided with the pupillary distance in 30% (Oculus Uterque), and discrepant in 70% (Oculus Uterque). Among the 78 myopic glasses girl wearers, the distance between optical centers was coincided with the pupillary distance in 23% (Oculus Uterque), and discrepant in 77% (Oculus Uterque). The mean optical center distance was longer than the pupillary distance on both boy and girl wearers 4. The result of measured heterophoria revealed 14% for orthophoria, 63% for exophoria, 23% for esophoria at far distance and 10% for orthophoria, 76% for exophoria, 14% for esophoria at near distance. Conclusions: Correct refractive test and monocular pupillary distance must be examined because incorrect refractive test and pupillary distance induce asthenopia and heterophoria.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

This research was investigated to find out the examinees' refractive problems within heterophoria using Torrington method. The number of subjects ware approximately 327 and subjects were sourced from the 12th grade student at high school in Kwang-Ju city. Result obtained shows 21.4% of emmetropia and 78.6% of ametropia. Most of refractive errors were myopia and due to it's condition, frequency of ametropia and emmetropia at the similar rate. However, one that consist of refractive problems, it's myopia contains 74.9% of heterophoria. Due to emmetropia, horizontal heterophoria have 45.7% of exophoria and 4.3% of esophoria. Myopia shows 11.4% of esophoria and 63.5% of exophoria. Hozizonda heterophoria shows 5.7% of emmetropia and myopia of 22.4%, than average of esophoria shows $4.3P{\Delta}$ and case of myopia, it was $3.4P{\Delta}$. Case of Exphoria, emmetropia have $8.8P{\Delta}$ and within myopia $8.0P{\Delta}$. Vertical heterophoria owns $2.2P{\Delta}$ within emmetropia and case of myopia $4.3P{\Delta}$ was shown. Which shows myopia result value higher than emmetropia.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.661-666
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the property of heterophoria and fusional reserve in Adults in Jeon-buk Area. We examined the corrected visual acuity, corrected refractive error, heterophoria and fusional reserve of 116 healthy myopes aged from 20 to 44 old who had no strabismus no ocular and phyisical diseases. Using Von Graefe test of horizontal heterophoria Measurement, we measured orthophoria(26.7%), exophoria(52.5%) and esophoria(20.7%) for at near distance. The subjects who had exophoria of 0-6${\Delta}$ in the range of normal state was 38.8%, while the subjects who had exophoria in the range of abnormal state was 61.2%. Reducing fusional reserve was associated with increasing phoria. We found a relationship between asthenopia and fusional reserve of heterophoria and considered that fusional reserve must be examined when we preserve for a patient with heterophoria. Furthermore, Gradient method AC/A ratio was found 4.03 and its relationship to refractive error could not be determined.