• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2014

In the future, an increasing number of heterogeneous networks will be connected with each other. Each of them has its own interest. Existing systems lack good incentive mechanisms to attract more networks to participate in cooperations. In this paper, we design an auction-based incentive mechanism for routing protocols applied in heterogeneous networking which is computationally efficient, individually rational, profitable, and truthful. Through several simulations, we evaluate the performance and validate the properties of our mechanism.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.4856-4871
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• 2015

Backpressure based scheduling has been considered as a promising technique for improving the throughput of a wide range of communication networks. However, this scheduling technique has not been well studied for heterogeneous wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a virtual-queue based backpressure scheduling (VQB) algorithm for heterogeneous multi-hop wireless networks. The VQB algorithm introduces a simple virtual queue for each flow at a node for backpressure scheduling, whose length depends on the cache size of the node. When calculating flow weights and making scheduling decisions, the length of a virtual queue is used instead of the length of a real queue. We theoretically prove that VQB is throughput-optimal. Simulation results show that the VQB algorithm significantly outperforms a classical backpressure scheduling algorithm in heterogeneous multi-hop wireless networks in terms of the packet delivery ratio, packet delivery time, and average sum of the queue lengths of all nodes per timeslot.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.544-547
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• 2013

차세대 네트워크 환경은 유선과 무선, 방송과 통신, 음성과 데이터의 융합을 고려한 통합망 형태로 진화하고 있다. 특히, 인터넷 프로토콜(IP) 기반의 코어 네트워크(Core network)를 중심으로 다양한 접속기술을 갖는 서로 다른 이기종(Heterogeneous) 접속망이 존재하는 환경에서 대용량의 멀티미디어 서비스들을 언제, 어디서나, 이동 중에도 끊김 없이 제공받고자 하는 사용자의 요구 또한 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 융합 서비스 관리자로서 유비쿼터스 식별자(UID)를 사용하여 통합된 식별체계와 인증 및 과금을 지원하고 통합 프로파일 관리를 통하여 사용자 정보를 서비스 제공자에게 제공하는 알고리즘을 구현 단말이 이동되는 경우에도 융합 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 제시한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.634-644
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• 2009

A diversity of wireless networks, with rapidly evolving wireless technology, are currently in service. Due to their innate physical layer vulnerability, wireless networks require enhanced security components. WLAN, WiBro, and UMTS have defined proper security components that meet standard security requirements. Extensive research has been conducted to enhance the security of individual wireless platforms, and we now have meaningful results at hand. However, with the advent of ubiquitous service, new horizontal platform service models with vertical crosslayer security are expected to be proposed. Research on synchronized security service and interoperability in a heterogeneous environment must be conducted. In heterogeneous environments, to design the balanced security components, quantitative evaluation model of security policy in wireless networks is required. To design appropriate evaluation method of security policies in heterogeneous wireless networks, we formalize the security properties in wireless networks. As the benefit of security protocols is indicated by the quality of protection (QoP), we improve the QoP model and evaluate hybrid security policy in heterogeneous wireless networks by applying to the QoP model. Deriving relative indicators from the positive impact of security points, and using these indicators to quantify a total reward function, this paper will help to assure the appropriate benchmark for combined security components in wireless networks.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2014

전술통신망은 이기종 다양한 특성의 통신장비로 구성된 네트워크가 복합적으로 운용되고 있다. 이러한 구성으로 인해 종단간 통신을 위해 기종별 데이터 포맷으로 변환하기 위한 망연동 게이트웨이를 적용하고 통신 정보보호를 위해 네트워크별 암호기술이 적용되고 있다. 이는 이기종 망간 암호화된 데이터를 직접 전송할 수 없고 통신데이터의 재가공 및 처리지연의 문제점이 있다. 서로 다른 전술통신망 사이에 위치하는 망연동 게이트웨이에서 통신데이터에 대한 재가공과 암호화 데이터에 대한 복호화 및 재암호화가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 전술통신망에서 이기종간 종단간 암호화 통신을 위한 통신방식을 제안한다. 제안한 방식을 이용하여 PSTN과 UHF 통신망간 게이트웨이에서 재가공, 재암호화, 전송 지연요소 등을 없애 실시간 음성 및 데이터 통신을 가능하게 한다. 또한, 종단간 정보보호를 위해 단대단 정보보호방식을 적용한다. 이를 통신망에 적용하여 기존 방식 대비 제안한 방식의 성능을 비교 분석한다. 제안한 방식은 기존방식의 문제점을 해결하고 이기종 전술통신망간 종단간 암호화 통신이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1249-1272
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a symmetric key establishment scheme for wireless sensor networks which tries to minimize the resource usage while satisfying the security requirements. This is accomplished by taking advantage of the communication pattern of wireless sensor networks and adopting heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. By considering the unique communication pattern of wireless sensor networks due to the nature of information gathering from the physical world, the number of keys to be established is minimized and, consequently, the overhead spent for establishing keys decreases. With heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, we can build a hybrid scheme where a small number of powerful nodes do more works than a large number of resource-constrained nodes to provide enhanced security service such as broadcast authentication and reduce the burden of resource-limited nodes. In addition, an on-demand key establishment scheme is introduced to support extra communications and optimize the resource usage. Our performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is very efficient and highly scalable in terms of storage, communication and computation overhead. Furthermore, our proposed scheme not only satisfies the security requirements but also provides resilience to several attacks.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.101-104
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• 2007

Efficient Query processing and optimization are critical for reducing network traffic and decreasing latency of query when accessing and manipulating sensor data of large-scale sensor networks. Currently it has been studied in sensor database projects. These works have mainly focused on in-network query processing for sensor networks and assumes homogeneous sensor networks, where each sensor network has same hardware and software configuration. In this paper, we present a framework for efficient query processing over heterogeneous sensor networks. Our proposed framework introduces query processing paradigm considering two heterogeneous characteristics of sensor networks: (1) data dissemination approach such as push, pull, and hybrid; (2) query processing capability of sensor networks if they may support in-network aggregation, spatial, periodic and conditional operators. Additionally, we propose multi-query optimization strategies supporting cross-translation between data acquisition query and data stream query to minimize total cost of multiple queries. It has been implemented in WSN middleware, COSMOS, developed by ETRI.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.3121-3135
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• 2015

Owing to the increase in consumption of multimedia content and the improvement of device capacity, user demand for high-quality content has increased. However, it is difficult to transport such large amounts of content over the existing broadcasting network with limited bandwidth. To provide high-definition broadcasting, some studies suggest methods of transporting multimedia over heterogeneous networks after encoding content hierarchically. MPEG Media Transport (MMT), standardized by Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), is a solution that enables large-volume media transport over heterogeneous networks such as digital broadcasting networks and packet-switched networks. In the case of delivering a scalable encoded video over different networks, synchronization of each stream is an important issue. MMT defines a synchronization scheme, but does not contain sufficient functions to implement it. In this paper, we propose a synchronization scheme for media streams that are encoded hierarchically, divided into layers, and transported over heterogeneous networks. We implement our scheme using MMT and HTTP, and experimented using three encapsulated video streams with different durations. As a result, we show that the proposed scheme can reduce the waiting time to display high-quality video, relative to Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP-Scalable Video Coding (DASH-SVC) by requesting segments of enhanced layers after calculating the transmission time. Additionally, we find out that the selection of durations have a relation to the characteristics of the video.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2010

Increasing convergence among heterogeneous radio networks is expected to be a key feature of future ubiquitous services. The convergence of radio networks in combination with dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) could be a beneficial means to solve the growing demand for radio spectrum. DSA might enhance the spectrum utilization of involved radio networks to comply with user requirements for high-quality multimedia services. This paper proposes a simple spectrum allocation algorithm and presents an analytical model of dynamic spectrum resource allocation between two networks using a 4-D Markov chain. We argue that there may exist a break-even point for choosing whether or not to adopt DSA in a system. We point out certain circumstances where DSA is not a viable alternative. We also discuss the performance of DSA against the degree of resource sharing using the proposed analytical model and simulations. The presented analytical model is not restricted to DSA, and can be applied to a general resource sharing study.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.696-706
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• 2008

With the increasing need for intelligent environment monitoring applications and the decreasing cost of manufacturing sensor devices, it is likely that a wide variety of sensor networks will be deployed in the near future. In this environment, the way to access heterogeneous sensor networks and the way to integrate various sensor data are very important. This paper proposes the common system for middleware of sensor networks (COSMOS), which provides integrated data processing over multiple heterogeneous sensor networks based on sensor network abstraction called the sensor network common interface. Specifically, this paper introduces the sensor network common interface which defines a standardized communication protocol and message formats used between the COSMOS and sensor networks.