• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to development of hazardous materials management standards for the decoction type of personalized herbal medicines (PHMs). Methods: This study was conducted in two stages. We searched documents about criteria to use words such as 'Herb', 'Herbal medicine', and 'Botanical Drug' and summarized the results. We organized the committee consisted of seven experts, and held two meetings to reach an agreement on hazardous management standards of the decoction type of PHMs. Results: The seven documents were presented in the literature review and six items related to hazardous management standards of decoction were identified. The second expert meeting brought that a total of six items, including heavy metal, pesticide residues, sulfur dioxide, benzopyrene, mycotoxin, and micro-organism limits, were selected for safety management of decoction type of PHMs. Also, the criteria and test methods for each standard were suggested for monitoring the decoction type of PHMs. Conclusion: The study suggested hazardous material management standards and criteria for the decoction types of PHMs. In the future, it would be necessary to conduct a pilot test to ensure the validity and credibility of the safety management standard and criteria. Furthermore, the government level safety management system should be introduced to verify the safety of decoction medicines.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2013

This study aims to summarize and makes a reference of anti-inflammatory activities of herbal medicines. In this process, this review collated papers of anti-inflammation-focused studies using herbal medicines in Oriental medical journals since 2003. Finally 221 papers were included and the type of materials, the type and effective classification of herbal medicines, the type of cells used in the experiments and the action and mechanisms of herbal medicine were analysed. The herbal medicines having the effects of decreasing fire and tonifying and nourishment were used the most. Most herbal medicines in this study can decrease proinflammatory cytokines, NO and prostaglandin 2 (PGE 2) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by regulating of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) and/or mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.993-1014
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• 2020

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidant stress and inflammatory reactions are important causes of neurodegenerative diseases and are major causes of PD. Many animal experiments have been aimed at treating PD using the antioxidant effects of various traditional medicines and dietary supplements. This review reports the research investigating the antioxidant effects of herbs in in vivo PD models. Methods: The study consisted of a database search for articles related to PD and herbal treatments using the OASIS, NDSL, KTKP, Korean KISS, PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang, and J-STAGE databases. The search period was limited from the start of the search engine application to November 14, 2019. Studies were selected to confirm the antioxidant effects of herbal medicines in an in vivo PD model. Results: Eighty-two studies were summarized for plant species, extracts (or compounds), animal models, neurotoxins, and functional results. The most frequently used herbal materials were Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Centella asiatica, and Withania somnifera. MPTP and 6-OHDA were the most commonly used neurotoxins for inducing PD. Most studies confirmed an increased expression and activation of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in oxidative stress. Herbal materials showed their antioxidant effects regardless of the order of treatment and confirmed their possible use as treatments for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Many herbal medicines have antioxidant effects and are likely to be effective in delaying neurodegenerative damage by inhibiting or reducing oxidative stress by expression of antioxidant enzymes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2010

Cancer is already a well-recognized main cause of mortality and the incidence of cancer is increasing steadily. Because conventional treatment modalities for cancer accompanies severe side effects, traditional medicine has been considered as alternatives to reduce the adverse effects and its use has continued to rise in cancer therapy. This study aims to summarize and make a reference of radioprotective effects of herbs worldwide. In this process, this review surveyed all papers of radioprotective-focused studies using herbal medicine in PubMed database and finally 44 papers were included. The type of materials, formation of experiments, type of herbal medicine, their action and mechanisms, and type of cancer were analyzed. The number of studies on radioprotective effects of herbal medicine has increased since 2000. The main formation of experiments was clinical study and the portion was 45% and the proportion of the research using prescriptions was 51% and the research using herbal products was 25%. Herbs and prescriptions having the effects of tonifying and nourishment were used the most. Most of herbal medicine in this study can enhance immune function, increase anti-oxidant effect, regulate cell cycle and increase sensitivity to radiotherapy. This study will provide the useful information on development of herbal medicine having radioprotective effects.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to take around herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China. Methods : A journal search was performed using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2007 to 2012. Key words searched were 'ADHD'. Results : 25 studies were selected. Case control studies showed that herbal medicine treatment reported better results than the western medicine treatment group. 12 case reports reported a significant improvement in herbal medicine treatment for patients with ADHD. Frequently used herbal materials were Rhizome of Polygalae Radix and Rhizome of Acori Gramineri Rhizoma (16 times), Root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (14 times), Root of Rehmanniae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata and Sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf (12 times). Conclusions : There have been many studies regarding herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China, and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

Objectives : Provides research basis on steaming processing method (SPM) as described in literatures 'Roegongpojaron', 'Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam'. Methods : The following issues were considered for current investigation regarding herbal drugs: (i) categorizing SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing periods, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) herbal efficacy, (vii) intrinsic properties and tastes of the herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Result : The number of herbal drugs was 70 species from 'Roegongpojaron', 73 from 'Pojadaebub', and 66 from 'Susajinam'. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol, honey and tofu. The herbal parts of the roots, stem, fruit, and seed were most widely used. Based on herbal efficacy, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most, and a drug eliminating heat followed next. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used. In considering five tastes, herbs showing bitter and sweet tastes were used most. In considering meridian tropism, herbs converging to liver and kidneys were used, and drugs converging to 'Samcho, and gallbladder were not used. Conclusion : The present survey on SPM as described in 'Roegongpojaron', Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam' indicates that there is a principal specialty on the use of supporting materials, steaming periods, steaming parts and efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.30-45
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• 2009

Background: The safety of herbal products is an important issue in Korea. It is more complicated because of the concomitant use of conventional western drugs and herbal medicine, including prescribed medicine, folk herbs and food supplements. Although both western and traditional Korean medical doctors have studied on the safety of HMP, their results did not show relevant or consistent conclusions because of the poor quality of studies, including bias. Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the studies in Korea related to drug induced liver injury (DILI) systematically. We tried to estimate the proportion of causative materials of DILI and evaluate the clinical difference of DILIs from different materials. Methods: Systematic searches were performed on MedRIC and MEDLIS in Korea. The extraction of data as well as selective screening of the studies was carried out independently by two of the authors. There were no restrictions on the types of publication, including grey literature. Results: Twenty-one articles were included. Of them only 7 adapted prospective design and only 6 were published in peer-reviewed journals. The proportion of conventional drugs associated with hepatotoxic injuries in all DILI ranged from 15.8% to 83.3% and that of herbal medicine was from 28.9% to 44.7%. However, the criteria for herbal medicine were not clearly defined and concomitant medications were not fully investigated in most studies. There were limited objective data in the clinical differences of liver injuries from different materials and their results were conflicting. Conclusions: The causality assessments regarding DILI of herbal medicine were not performed properly and causative materials were misclassified in most of the studies published in Korea. These make the safety issue still ambiguous because of the limitations and lack of objectivity of the studies. More rigorous studies are required for clearly addressing these conflicting issues with cooperative investigation between traditional Korean and western medicine.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate on storage characteristics of flavouring oriental medicine materials according to Packaging method(Aluminum package, PP). Methods : This experiments were carried out by field survey and storage characteristics were carried out by physicochemical determination. Results : Flavouring oriental medicine materials were used to in aluminum package to keep original flavour in Japan and Chinese by field and study survey. In view of this survey results, it is very desirable to use zipper Aluminum package in flavouring oriental medicine materials(Perilla perfrutescens var. acuta, Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens malinvaud). Conclusions : This study results revealed that Aluminum package were superior to any other package method on the basis of keeping original flavour and to reduce microbial contamination in oriental medicine materials.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Hair provides important information about the body's mineral status. Therefore, we have studied the trace elemental distribution in human hair under different inhalation and ingestion environment using neutron activation analysis (NAA). NAA is a powerful analytical method which can be used successfully to determine trace elements in environmental and biological materials. Total diet and six different herbal medicine were analysed to study ingestion environment. Airborne dust in foundry was analysed and compared with outdoor dust to study inhalation environment. Human hairs of common person, herbal medicine taker and foundry worker were analysed to estimate the trace elemental distribution of people under different inhalation and ingestion environment. Analytical results show that herbal medicines contain higher micronutrients such as Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu that total diet and airborne dust in foundry has high Cr. The concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn in hair of herbal medicine taker is two times higher than in hair of common person and Cr con-centration in hair of foundry worker is about three times higher than in hair of common person. These results show that NAA can be used importantly to monitor human health through biological and environmental samples.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2022

Objectives : This study aims to propose a processing method for dosage units of medicinal materials and the database schema to manage formula data in Korean medicine ontology. Methods : All dosage units of medicinal materials are collected from the seven textbooks that contain formula data of Korea medicine ontology. Dosages are converted to Arabic numerals and units that are frequently used are converted to representative units. Database schema is designed for processing and managing the formulas and medicinal materials with dosage units. Results : Seven representative units are selected out of 77 units. They will be used in the addition or subtraction of medicinal materials in a formula support system. The remaining units will be made available for references. Conclusions : EMR or chart programs used in clinical hospitals contain formula data that is already standardized. However, the formula data in Korean medicine literature and textbook is not refined, so it is necessary to process the dosages and units of medicinal materials to use in the formula support system. This result is a processing method to utilize the formula data of Korean medicine textbooks and it will be implemented this method in the established formula support system in the future.