• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2008

This study was designed to examine the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. (glasswort: GW) on hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220g by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 recommended diet and the experimental groups were fed a modified diet containing 10% and 20% of glasswort powder for 4 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups which consisted of normal (N)-control group, N-GW 10% and N-GW 20% treated groups, STZ-control, STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% treated groups. The activities of Xanthine oxidase (XOD), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT (CAT) were measured in the homogenates of liver. The activity of CAT was lower in the supplementary group with glasswort compare to the STZcontrol group but it was not significantly different. The activity of SOD was not significant in all of experimental groups. The activity of GR was significantly increased in the normal supplementary group with glasswort, and GPX activity was significantly increased in STZ-GW 10% group compare to the STZ-control group. The activity of XOD was significantly decreased in the all of supplementary groups with glasswort. The activity of GST was significantly increased in the N-GW 20% group and it was significantly decreased in the STZ-GW 20% group. These results show that the supplementation of glasswort may have favorable influence on antioxidative status in diabetic rats and it may be useful for the diabetic complications as functional food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative enzyme activities and oxidative damage in groups of rrats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets group (HFC). The Rrats were divided into the following five experimental groups which are : composed of a normal diet group, a high fat high cholesterol diet group, and a high fat high cholesterol diet group supplemented with different amounts contents (1%, 2% and 4%) of red pepper seeds powder water extracts supplemented groups (HFCW1, HFCW2 and HFCW4, respectively). Body weight gains and food intake were lower ofin the red pepper seed water extracts groups were lower than those inof the HFC group. Hepartic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activitiyactivity was increased in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepatic superoxide radicals within the mitochondria and microsomes of cells were significantly reduced in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol was significantly reduced in the HFCW3 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the microsomes and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepartic thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 group compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that water extracts of red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diets.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and an ability of a biological system, to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. It has been suggested that developmental alloxan-induced liver damage is mediated through increases in oxidative stress. The anti-diabetic effect and antioxidant activity of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) fractions were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After two weeks administration of PM, the liver antioxidant enzyme and hyperglycemic state were evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of PM treatments reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats by oral administration (P < 0.05). Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT) were also diminished by PM supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to those in the normal rats but were restored by PM treatments. PM fractions also repressed the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS) were also reduced in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. PM fractions could restore the GR and GST activities, but the GCS activity was not affected in rat livers. From the results of the present study, the diabetic effect of the butanol fraction of PM against alloxan-induced diabetic rats was concluded to be mediated either by preventing the decline of hepatic antioxidant status or due to its indirect radical scavenging capacity.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.711-726
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• 1999

Aging in the life form occurs due to a gradual progression of the body growth and degeneration. Morphological and functional changes in the body decreases the adaptation and prevention capacity leading into the decline of a life force. Various studies have been released to examine the anti-aging effects of herbal prescriptions. This experiment has chosen Boganhwan which is used for the deficiency of the liver function and studied the anti-aging factors by examining the biotransformation enzymes. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. Hepatic lipid peroxide activity was significantly suppressed in the experimental group treated with Boganhwan for 2 weeks at the dosage of 350mg/kg, while other dosage groups did not present much changes. 2. Insignificant changes were shown for the cytochrome P-450 level, aminopyrine demethylase, and aniline hydroxylase (AH) activities. Cytochrome P-450 do not appears to be a part of the detoxification scheme. 3. Boganhwan decoction treated group showed most significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, superoxide, and glutathione activities at the concentration of 350mg/kg and 500mg/kg. 4. Glutathione S-transferase and glutathione made most significant increase at the decoction concentration of 350mg/kg and 500mg/kg compared to the control group. 5. Hepatic glutathione concentration, protein bound-SH, and nonprotein bound-SH made most significant increase at the decoction concentration of 350mg/kg and 500mg/kg compared to the control group. From the above results, Boganhwan decoction played an important role in eliminating foreign substances in the body excluding cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. Thus, Boganhwan decoction can provide substantial aid in preventing and treating senile related illnesses.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2007

계란 섭취 수준이 흰쥐의 지질대사 및 혈청의 단백질, 무기질, 혈당 농도 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 성숙한 숫쥐를 대조식이군, 대조식이에 계란 분말을 5, 10 및 15%씩 혼합한 식이군(5, 10 및 15% 계란군)등 4군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험동물의 체중증가량은 대조군에 비해 계란군들이 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 간의 무게 및 간조직의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질 함량은 대조군에 비해 5, 10 및 15% 계란군들이 유의하게 증가되었다. 신장과 부고환 지방의 무게는 대조군과 계란군들이 비슷하였다. 혈청의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 LDL+VLDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군에 비해 각 수준별 계란군이 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율은 5% 계란군이 15% 계란군 보다 유의하게 증가되었고, 동맥경화지수는 5% 계란군이 10 및 15% 계란군 보다 유의하게 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 혈청의 총 단백질과 알부민 농도는 대조군에 비해 및 10 및 15% 계란군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 혈청의 요소질소, 크레아티닌, 혈당, 혈색소 농도 및 효소활성은 계란섭취에 의한 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 혈청의 칼슘 농도는 대조군에 비해 계란 섭취군들이 유의하게 증가되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1497-1502
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• 2007

다시마 첨가 배추김치의 항산화 효과를 고지방식이를 섭취시킨 흰 쥐에서 살펴보았다. 동물실험군은 고지방식이군, 고지방식이에 대조김치, 다시마를 20% 첨가한 김치, 그리고 시판하는 J-김치를 첨가한 4군으로 실험군 당 동물은 10마리였으며 사육기간은 8주였다. 지방은 총에너지의 40%를 지방을 첨가하였으며 김치는 동결 건조하여 10% 첨가하였다. 김치의 DPPH 소거 효과는 김치군에서 유의적으로 높았으며 김치군 중 다시마 첨가 김치의 효과가 각 실험 농도에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 간의 지질과산화는 김치식이에 의해 유의적으로 감소되었고, 김치군 중 다시마 첨가 김치의 TBARS 농도는 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 간의 항산화 효소 활성을 살펴보았을 때 김치 섭취군의 $Cu{\cdot}Zn$-SOD, Mn-SOD, 그리고 catalase의 활성은 고지방식이군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05) 다시마 첨가 김치군의 효소 활성은 다른 김치군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 이는 고지방식이에 의해 생성된 지질과산화물질이 김치에 존재하는 항산화물질에 의해 제거되어 이를 방어할 항산화 효소활성이 고지방식이군에 비해 낮게 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 다시마 첨가 김치의 항산화 효과가 김치군 중 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 김치의 항산화 효과가 다시마의 활성 성분에 의해 더욱 증진된 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.347-364
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• 2006

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine (DEN 0.01 %) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also. the changes of hepatic morphology in SD rats were detected by haematoxylineosin stain and immunohistochemistry (PCNA). 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents for digestive cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is known to affect the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, SD rats were given drinking water containing 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 8 weeks. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 4 weeks after DEN administration. The body and liver weights were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. The liver weight ratio to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. The liver specific enzyme activities (AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP) were significantly increased in all treatment groups compared to control group (p < 0.05). Variable size of liver tumor and hepatomegaly were observed in rats treated with DEN after 10 weeks. Numerous vacuoles were seen on the midzonal and or peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm or densely basophilic mitotic nucleoli were seen. Several proliferative small round cells were seen on vacuolated and necrotic areas in peripheral hepatic lobules or portal areas. PCNA-positive cells were seen on the vacuolated portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the areas of small round cells. We examined functional and morphological changes of livers by 5 - FU treatments on DEN -treated rat. The DEN -treated rats compared to 5 - FU -treated rats after DEN treatment for 8 weeks. The serum total protein and triglyceride were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, and the liver enzyme activities of AST and ALT were significantly(p < 0.05) increased. After 8 weeks, in the non-5-FU -treated group, the size of liver tumor were varied and hepatomegaly were observed, hepatocellular vacuolization, necrosis and steatosis were observed on the midzonal and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes were seen, the interlobular connective tissues were proliferated. PCNA positive cells were seen in the portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the non-5-FU-treated group. In hepatocytes, condensation of nuclear chromatin and vacuolization were observed, shape of the nuclei were irregular, the degraded nuclei and organelles were observed. The livers of rats in the 5 - FU treatment group were seen grossly brilliant, red-brown color, and the vacuolated and degenerated regions, hyperplastic nodules were not nearly observed. In the electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contained a large number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, developed organelles surrounding nuclei. The above findings suggest that 5 - FU will be effective as anti -liver tumor drug.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 1984

어유식이(魚油食餌)가 간장조직내 lipogenic enzyme의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 고등어유를 식이(食餌) 10%(w/w) 되게 먹이를 조제하여 13일동안 사육한 흰쥐의 간장조직의 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase와 malic enzyme의 활성도는 lard를 섭취한 군(群)보다 $3{\sim}6$일의 섭취로 훨씬 저하되었으며 콩기름에 비하여는 같거나 또는 약간 낮은 값을 보였다. 고등어 또는 장어유를 어유(魚油)로 사용하여 먹이의 $0{\sim}10%$로 함량을 변화시키며 총지방량을 10%로 일정히 하고자 콩기름 또는 쇠기름을 배합유로 사용하였을 때 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase의 활성은 어유(魚油)가 2 % 포함하였을 때부터 malic enzyme의 활성은 5% 포함하였을 때, 어유(魚油)를 포함하지 않은 군(群)에 비하여 감소를 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2002

동충하초 (Cordyceps militaris)의 자실체와 균사체가 고지방 식이를 섭취한 성숙된 흰쥐의 영양 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자, 생후 35주령의 흰쥐에 표준식이를 급여한 정상군, 표준식이에 15% 돈지를 첨가한 식이를 급여한 고지방군, 고지방 식이에 자실체 및 균사체를 각각 3%씩 첨가한 식이를 급여한 군 등 4군으로 나누어 5주간 사육하였다. 실험동물의 체중증가, 간의 무게 및 식이효율은 고지방군에 비하여 자실체군 및 균사체군이 유의하게 감소되어 정상군과 비슷한 수준으로 체중과 간의 무게를 정상으로 유지시켜 주는 효과가 나타났다. 식이섭취량은 고지방군과 동충하초군들이 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 신장, 췌장 및 심장의 무게는 정상군과 각 실험군이 비슷하였다. 간의 총 지질과 콜레스테롤 농도 및 간과 혈청의 중성지질 농도는 고지방군에 비하여 자실체군 및 균사체군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤 및 인지질 농도는 정상군에 비하여 각 실험군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 혈청의 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 정상군에 비하여 자실체군 및 균사체군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 고지방군에 비하여 자실체군의 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 유의하게 증가되었고, 동맥경화지수는 감소되었다. 혈청의 총 단백질 농도는 정상군에 비하여 고지방군 및 균사체군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 혈청의 알부민, 혈당 및 혈색소 농도는 정상군과 각 실험군이 비슷하여 정상 수준을 유지하였다. 혈청의 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 및 ${\gamma}$-glutamyltr-anspeptidase의 활성은 정상군과 각 실험군이 유사한 경향을 보였다. Lactic dehydrogenase 활성은 고지방군에 비하여 자실체군 및 균사체군은 유의하게 증가되어 정상군과 비슷하였다. Alkaline phosphatase 활성은 정상군에 비하여 각 실험군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 고지방 식이에 3%동충하초의 자실체와 균사체 섭취에 의한 체중과 간의 무게가 정상수준을 유지하였고, 간의 총 지질과 콜레스테롤 농도 및 간과 혈청의 중성지질 농도를 낮추는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.968-972
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• 1998

Allium tuberosum Rotter(Liliaceae) is a perennial herb of which leaves are used for food. Leek has been reported to have pharmacological effects including alleviations of abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematemesis, snakebite, and asthma. To investigate the effect of dietary leek supplementation on the drug-metaboizing enzymes, quinone reductase(QR) and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH) activities in the liver, stomach, small intestine and lung, and on the plasma testosterone and dihydrosterone hormone levels, mice were fed 2% and 5% leek diets for 8 weeks. Quinone reductase, an anticarcinogenic enzyme, was significantly induced in stomach, small intestine, and lung but slightly lowered in hepatic tissue in the experimental groups compared to control group. Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, involved in bioactivation of procarcinogens, was significantly decreased in liver and lung. Leek feeding led to the reduction in the plasma level of dihydrotestosterone which is associated with the incidence of prostate cancer. These findings support the potential chemopreventive activity of leek supplementation.