• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.428-436
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• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine the effects of polyundaturated fatty acid(PUFA) from different sourecs on hepatic lipogenic enzyme and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation in murine hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrodamine (DEN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets containing 10%(w/w)fat; fish oil-corn oil blended(FO), corn oil-beef tallow-fish oil blended(CF), or corn oil-beef tallow-perilla oil blended (CP), from the gestation period. At 10 weeks, animals were received a single inraperitoneal injection of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. The areas of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci were significantly smaller in rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO and CF) than those fed CP diet. Fish oil feeding significantly decreased th activities of lipogenic enzyme. Rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO, CF) exhibited the lower fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity than those fed CP diet and FAS activity was positively correlated with areas of GSP-P positivie foci. Glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase activity was the lowest and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation was stimulated in rats fed FO diet compared to other groups. It was also found that serum cholesterol was decreased in FO group. Therefore, the preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis and hypolipidemic effect of fish oil can be explained partly by suppression of the hepatic lipogenesis and by increase of peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2015

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities of liver tissue in growing male rats fed cholesterol. Twenty seven rats were divided into three treatment groups (Control, Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang) and were given experimental diets with 1% cholesterol for 9 weeks. All rats in this study were fed a casein-based diet. Chunggukjang groups were fed diet containing 33.1% Chunggukjang powder. The Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups showed significantly lower weight gain, food efficiency ratio than the control group regardless of Chunggukjang type. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang group than in the control group, whereas serum triglyceride and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Hepatic triglyceride contents was not significantly different among the diets. However, hepatic cholesterol content was significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups than in the control group. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in liver tissue of the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups were not significantly different. It can be concluded that Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang influence lipid profile and hepatic malondialdehyde contents in growing male rats fed cholesterol.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2009

1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) has recently been synthesized and characterized to have an anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the production of nitric oxide. In the present study, adverse effects of FPP-3 on hepatic functions were determined in female BALB/c mice. When mice were administered with FPP-3 at 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days orally, FPP-3 significantly increased absolute and relative weights of liver with a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FPP-3 administration dramatically increased the hepatotoxicity parameters in serum at 500 mg/kg, in association of hepatic necrosis. FPP-3 significantly induced several phase I enzyme activities. To elucidate the possible mechanism(s) involved in FPP-3 induced hepatotoxicity, we investigated the hepatic activities of free radical generating and scavenging enzymes and the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation. FPP-3 treatment significantly elevated the hepatic lipid peroxidation, measured as the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, and the activity of superoxide dismutase. Taken together, the present data indicated that reactive oxygen species might be involved in FPP-3-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of the circadian variations on the toluene metabolism, 50％ toluene in olive oil (0.2 m1/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Each group of animals was sacrificed at 8 hr after last injection of toluene. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in control rats of night phase than those of day phase. On the other hand, the activities of hepatic benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in control rats of night phase showed the similiar value with that in those of day phase and in case of toluene treatment, these enzyme activities in rats of night phase were rather more decreased than those of day phase. Furthermore, hepatic benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were more or less higher in the control rats of night phase than those of day phase and by toluene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of night phase were somewhat decreased than those of day phase. in vitro, benzylalcohol or benzaldehyde inhibited the activities of benzylalcohol or aldehyde dehydrngenase prepared from the rats liver supematant. There were no differences in urinary hippuric acid contents between the night phase and day phase both in the control and toluene treated group. The increasing rate of liver weight per body weight (％), serum xanthine oxidase activities were higher in rats of night phase than in those of day phase by toluene treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that the producing rate of benzylalcohol and benzaldehyde from toluene may be higher in rats of night phase than those of day phase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2003

The effect of liquid cultures of Cordyceps militaris (LCM) on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipids, fecal lipids excretion, serum protein and enzyme activities, were investigated in adult female rats (30 weeks old). Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one normal and four hyperlipidemic diet groups, Hyperlipidemic diet groups (20% fat, 1% cholesterol) were divided into high fat diet (LCM free water), 10%, 20% or 30% LCM diet groups (10%, 20% or 30% LCM in water) according to the levels of LCM supplementation. After 35 days of experimental diet consumption, the body weight gains, hepatic weights, and food efficiency ratios of the rats fed hyperlipidemic diets were significantly increased compared with those of the rats fed normal diet. The concentrations of serum and hepatic triglycerides, hepatic total lipid, and atherogenic index of the rats fed 20% or 30% LCM diets were significantly lower than those of the rats fed the high fat diet. The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol of the rats fed all LCM diets was significantly higher than those of the rats fed the high fat diet. The fecal excretion of triglyceride in the rats fed 20% or 30% LCM diets was significantly higher than those of the rats fed high fat diet. The concentrations of serum and hepatic total cholesterol, serum LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio, fecal excretion of cholesterol, and the activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase of the rats fed all LCM diets were similar to those of the rats fed high fat diet. No differences were noted in the weights of kidney and femur, the serum concentration of glucose, total protein and albumin, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and ${\gamma}$ -glutamyltranspeptidase, among the rats on all the experimental diets. These results showed that the 20% or 30% LCM diets feeding decreased the serum and hepatic triglycerides, and the atherogenic index, and increased the serum HDL-cholesterol of the adult female rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2001

The present study was done to investigate the relationship between Kupffer cells and alteration of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent drug metabolizing enzyme activities during polymicrobial sepsis. Male rats were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by fluid resuscitation. The gadolinium chloride (GdC1$_3$, 10 mg/kg), blocker of Kupffer cells, was pretreated intravenously at 48 h and 24 h prior to the induction of CLP. All assay parameters were determined at 24 h after CLP or sham operation. In CLP-treated rats, the mortality rate of animals increased to 50% and serum alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels also significantly elevated. However, this increase was not suppressed by GdC1$_3$ pretreatment. Microsomal lipid peroxidation markedly increased after CLP operation. This increase was significantly attenuated by pretreatment. Total cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity were not changed after CLP operation, but GdC1$_3$pretreatment reduced total cytochrome P-450 content, The hepatic microsomal CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2Bl and 2El activities in CLP-induced rats were also not significantly different from sham-operated rats. However, GdC1$_3$pretreatment showed a moderate increase in CYP1A1 and 1A2 activities. Our findings suggest that Kupffer cells may be partly responsible for producing hepatocellular dysfunction during sepsis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2000

The hepatoprotective effects of bergenin and its derivative, acetylbergenin, were evaluated against D-galactosamine-induced liver damage in rats. Bergenin is a C-glucoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid that has been isolated from the cortex of Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). Acetylbergenin was synthesized from acetylation of bergenin to increase lipophilic and physiological activities. Bergenin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and acetylbergenin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for successive 5 days after the injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. The substantially elevated serum enzyme activities of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ due to galactosamine treatment were dose-dependently restored towards normalization by post-treatment with bergenin and acetylbergenin. Bergenin and acetylbergenin also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of reduced glutathione content induced by galactosamine in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were restored towards normalization. These results suggest that effects of bergenin and acetylbergenin may be related to complex mechanisms that involve prevention of lipid peroxidation and preservation of hepatic glutathione. The results of this study clearly indicate that bergenin and acetylbergenin have potent hepatotherapeutic action against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and lipophilic acetylbergenin is more active in the antihepatotoxic effects against galactosamine than much less lipophilic bergenin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

To investigate an effect of the ethanol extract of Lycium chinense(EELC) on the activities of enzymes scavenging oxygen free radicals or detoxicating alcohol. The ground Lycium chinense was extracted with 30% edible ethanol and then diluted with 6% ethanol to contain 2% EELC(w/v). Three different groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats had taken a drink EELC, ethanol(ETH) or water(control), respectively for 2 months. At the end of experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The EELC-treated animals showed the highest activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase among three groups. The activities of xanthine oxidase and cytochrome p-450 from EELC treatment group were lower than those from ETH-treated group. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was higher in the EELC-treated group than the ETH-treated(p<0.005). Furthermore, hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in EELC-treated animals than in ETH-treated those. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in liver was appeared the orderly higher value in EELC, ETH and control-treated group. As the result, EELC may affect the reduction of oxygen free radical production and help the detoxication of ethanol.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2020

Erythronium japonicum (E. japonicum) and Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (C. coreana Uyeki, Korean winter hazel) have been shown to significantly decrease 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and CYP2E1 activity in HuH7, human hepatocytes. In this study, we expanded upon the previous study and investigated the effects of E. japonicum and C. coreana Uyeki extracts on 1,3-DCP-induced liver damage in rats. The pre-treatment of rats with these extracts alleviated a decrease in body weight and reduced 1,3-DCP-induced increase in catalytic activities of hepatic enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, in the serum. Moreover, treatment with the extracts restored the 1,3-DCP-induced decreases in anti-oxidant enzyme activities, such as the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, in the rat liver. Histopathological studies also strongly supported the results of enzyme activities. These results suggest a possibility that the extracts of E. japonicum and C. coreana Uyeki can be a remedy for alleviating 1,3-DCP-induced liver damage in animals.