• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-143
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• 1971

By means of thin-layer electrophoresis in agarose gel, hemolymph protein of healthy silkworm larvae and of the nuclear polygedrosis virus infected larvae were studied. 1. In the 4th instar, 4 fractions moving toward anode were separated. Dye-binding Capacity of the fraction was increased according to the stage. 2. After 5th day in the 5th instar, 7 fractions moving toward anode were separated, and one fraction toward cathode was separated. 3. On the first day in the 5th instar, 5 fractions were separated, and on the 4th day of the same instar 5 fractions were separated. 4. As for the hemolymph protein fractions of the polyhedrosis virus infected larvae, on the 6th and 7th day, three fractions(D.E.F) were inclined to increase, whereas on the 8th day 4 fractions(A.B.D.E) were disappeared but F fraction was inclined to decrease.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2019

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is an essential substance added to animal cell culture medium. However, its composition is unclear causing problems such as development of an immune response when cultured cells are transplanted into the human body. In this study, silk sericin, silk fibroin, and hemolymph obtained from silkworms were added to the cell culture medium in order to determine if it can replace FBS. After establishment of the cell culture, cell proliferation and expression levels of cell growth-related genes were compared with those of control cells (cells cultured in the medium with 10% FBS). Results showed that the test group treated with silk fibroin extracted from a Korean silkworm variety, Kumokjam could replace 10% FBS. In addition, expression levels of cell growth related genes such as Fibronectin and TGF-β1 increased significantly in cells cultured using silk fibroin, depending on the concentration used in cell adhesion and cell proliferation [24]. To date, no studies have been conducted to find a replacement for FBS. Thus, this study was carried out to develop a substitute for FBS by using silkworm-derived alternatives such as silkworm hemolymph, silk sericin, and silk fibroin, which are cheap and have various physiological effects, cell promoting effects, and can be mass produced.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury experiences extreme temperature stress conditions during its life cycle particularly during diapauses and first crop. The present study witnessed the impact of high temperature on some biochemical profiles and egg production (fecundity) of semi-domesticated Daba and Shorea robusta (Sal) based wild ecorace Laria during seed cocoon (pupa) preservation. Cocoons of Daba and Laria were treated with high temperature at $40^{\circ}C$ for 10 days in a BOD incubator. The protein profile and carbohydrate content in the hemolymph and fat body and total haemocyte count (THC) in the hemolymph of pupa were investigated. Further, the fecundity and fertility of egg was assessed. Significant increase in the protein concentration was observed in the hemolymph with reduction in the fat body (p<0.05). The difference in protein concentration was highly significant between the semidomesticated Daba and wild ecorace Laria (p<0.05). High pupal mortality (20%) and reduced fecundity (10-15%) in Daba was noticed compared to wild Laria. Also an increased THC (>28000) was recorded in Laria. The study infers the potentials of wild ecoraces in sustaining the extreme temperature conditions and need of adopting suitable package of practices for the preservation of diapause seed cocoons during extreme summer conditions. There is possibility to introgression thermal stress resistant traits in the semi-domesticated races of tasar silkworm by resorting to conventional breeding plans with wild races and keeping the thermal stress induced response as markers.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

Cantharidin is produced by blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and smaller oedemerid beetles (Coleopetra: Oedemeridae) and is found in hemolymph and various tissues. The function of cantharidin in the courtship behaviour of meloids had never been fully established. Our studies show a correlation between density of cuticular pores and cantharidin titre of the scape and pedicel segments of male specimens of the East African species of Epicauta nyassensis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Light microscopy of semi-thin cross sections of the male scape and pedicel indicates that there are many canal shaped structures that stretch from the antennal hemolymph to the antennomere surface. These structures may be tubules, which transport cantharidin circulating in the hemolymph to the surface, where the compound can be released via cuticular pore openings. Analyses of the head capsule and antennal segments of E. nyassensis females which had been copulated with males revealed low titre of cantharidin in the first two antennal segments. The density of the scape and pedicel pores of females was to some extent higher than the density of these pores on flagellum; however it was considerably lower than that of the males. Interestingly, no tubular cell or other transport structures were found in the cross sectioning of the female antennomeres or on the integument surface. During mating, male antennomeres, as well as cantharidin containing pores which are located on the $1^{st}\;and\;2^{nd}$ antennomeres, come into direct contact with the female antennae and may release cantharidin to their surface. Female E. nyassensis may be able to discriminate the opposite sex with abundant reserves of cantharidin prior to mating. This is another evidence that cantharidin function in close range sexual selection.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Physiological response of fish and bivalve was estimated to identify the physiological changes of test species by lowering water temperature due to the abrupt stop of cooling water discharge from power plant. The experiment was conducted by two conditions; fall and winter by decreasing water temperature ($2^{\circ}C$/2 days) from $26^{\circ}C$ to $17^{\circ}C$ for fall scenario and from $15^{\circ}C$ to $9^{\circ}C$ for winter scenario, respectively. Test organisms were parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciantus) and bivalve (Gomphina melanaegis), and end points were mortality for both species, hematocrit and cortisol for fish, and hemolymph and superoxide dismutase(SOD) for bivalve. 48/96hr mortality test revealed no mortality for fish and 47% mortality for bivalve at 96hr/$26^{\circ}C$ only. Significant increases of hematocrit and cortisol were found at fishes exposed to $26^{\circ}C$ (high temperature) and lower temperature ($9{\sim}13^{\circ}C$), respectively. Hemolymph and SOD for bivalve tended to decrease by lowering water temperature from 15 to $9^{\circ}C$ (winter scenario) and no changes from 26 to $17^{\circ}C$ (fall scenario). Fall scenario (from 15 to $9^{\circ}C$) showed more significant changes of physiological response than winter cases (26 to $17^{\circ}C$).

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2000

Most baculoviruses have an ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene, whose product inactivates ecdysteroid within the infected host. Bomhyx mori larvae infected with BmEGTZ, a mutant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in which the egt gene has been inactivated, die more rapidly compared to larvae infected with wild-type BmNPV. In this study, the profile of hemolymph proteins, and progression of virus infection in BmEGTZ- and BmNPV-infected B. mori larvae, was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and histochemically. These analyses showed that virus-encoded and virus-induced proteins were expressed quicker in BmEGTZ-infected larvae than in BmNPV-infected larvae. This suggests that the decrease in time to death, following BmEGTZ infection, results from the stimulation of virus-specific protein expression. In order to examine the effect of ecdysteroid on virus transmission, the profile of hemolymph proteins, and progression of virus infection, were analyzed following an ecdysteroid injection of BmEGTZ- or BmNPV-infected larvae. In the BmNPV-infected larvae, ecdysteroid treatment had no apparent effect on hemolymph protein expression. This suggests that the injected ecdysteroid was inactivated by the BmNPV-expressed ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase. An Ecdysteroid injection into BmEGTZ-infected larvae increased the speed of virus-specific protein expression and virus transmission. These results suggest that ecdysteroid stimulates protein expression, which in tum results in the stimulation of virus transmission.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2016

In the larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, innate immunity mechanisms are activated in response to various pathogens and stimulants, resulting in the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To induce the mass production of AMPs, H. illucens fifth instar larvae were immunized with five different kinds of bacteria. We isolated from the hemolymph of the H. illucens larvae after bacterial challenge, and their antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were measured using the inhibition zone assay. Among these five different kinds of bacteria, the hemolymph of Bacillus subtilis-challenged H. illucens larvae showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph of $1{\times}10^9cfu/ml$ B. subtilis-challenged H. illucens peaks at 24 hr at 48 hr post-infection and gradually declines with time. Moreover, the immunized hemolymph also showed strong antimicrobial activity against various poultry pathogens such as S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. pullorum. These results suggest that the expression of AMP genes in B. subtilis-challenged H. illucens is up-regulated by innate immune responses, and that B. subtilis-challenged H. illucens overexpressing AMPs may be useful as a feed additive in livestock diets to reduce the need for antibiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2001

No abstract. See Full-text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.206.2-206
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.388-388
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• 2005