• 약학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.295-303
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• 1988

For microbial production of acetaminophen, a popular analgesic-antipyretic from aniline, we screened various fungi and bacteria. And we succeeded to some extents in acetaminophen production by successful protoplast fusion between S. lividans and S. globisporus and also between S. rimosus and S. aureofaciens. However, more fertile results might be brought via performing the cloning of acetanilide p-hydroxylation genes of Streptomyces in yeast. This study was initiated to determine whether the acetanilide p-hydroxylase of Streptomyces is cytochrome P-450 species or non-heme iron protein species. The p-hydroxylationactivity on acetanilide in S. aureofaciens ATCC 10762 was found to be unstable on exposing to the air. However, 100,000xg supernatant of the cell free extracts which were prepared in $N_2$ atmosphere showed the p-hydroxylation activity. Characteristic absorption peak of cytochrome P-450 after reduction with dithionite and addition of CO was not observed in the region of 450nm. Moreover, metyrapone and 2, 6-dichloroindophenol did not affect this enzyme activity, but sodium azide, sodium cyanide, cupric sulfate, cadmium chloride, ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}'-dipyridyl$, and o-phenanthroline reduced p-hydroxylase activity considerably. S. fradiae NRRL 2702 was shown to have strong p-hydroxylation activity in intact cells. This activity disappeared in its cell free extracts. In its 100,000xg supernatant, however, characteristic absorption peak of cytochrome P-450 after reduction with dithionite and addition of CO was observed at 446nm. Thus, the results herein presented suggest that acetanilide p-hydroxylase of Streptomyces aureofaciens is not related to cytochrome P-450 and may include non-heme iron protein for its activity. However, it is not clear whether acetanilide p-hydroxylase in S. fradiae belongs to the same category of S. aureofaciens.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iron of the elderly residing in the Jeonju area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and biochemical status of iron, were measured for 60 korean elderly(23 elderly men and 37 elderly women aged 60 - 79 years old). The level of hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrint(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin(Ferritin) were measured and transferrin saturation(TFsaturation) was calculated. Mean values of Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TFsaturation and Ferritin were 14.49$\pm$0.93g/이, 42.47$\pm$2.59%, 125.48$\pm$52,.46$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 338.13$\pm$45.92$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 193.00$\pm$125.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/l in elderly men and 12.82$\pm$0.99$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 37.66$\pm$2.90%, 100.08$\pm$42.82$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 356.41$\pm$54.65$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, and 99.35$\pm$117.22$\mu\textrm{g}$/l in elderly women, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency varied greatly with biochemical indices of iron. It was 13.0% when judged by Fe(60 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) and TFsaturation(15%) whereas 34.78% by Hct(41%) in elderly men. However 13.5% of the elderly women showed iron depletion(Ferritin<20$\mu\textrm{g}$/l) and 43.2% showed suppressed erythropoiesis with iron deficiency(TIBC>360$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl). The anemic subjects assessed with TFsaturation(<15%) represented 13.5% of the elderly women, whereas 18.9% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of Hb. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.980, p<0.001), Fe(r=0.384, p<0.01) and TFsaturation(r=0.349, p<0.01). On the other hand, Ferritin concentration showed a significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=0.349, p<0.05) and a positive correlation with TFsaturation(r=0.362, p<0.01). Major food groups of iron intake in the elderly were vegetables, cereals, and fish. The mean daily intake of iron was not significantly different between elderly men and women(12.82mg vs 10.35mg). Intake of heme iron however, was significantly higher(p<0.01) in elderly men(1.03mg) than women(0.42mg). Total absorbable iron caculated by the method of Monsen was 0.55mg, 0.40mg in elderly men and women, respectively and bioavailability of dietary iron 4.29% and 3.87%.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.878-885
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• 2009

급성 폐손상과 급성 호흡곤란 증후군은 치사율이 매우 높은 질환임에도 불구하고 현재까지 뚜렷한 치료법이 확립되지 않아서 조기진단에 많은 관심을 기울이고 있다. 본 실험에서는 출혈성 쇼크로 유발되는 급성 폐손상 모델에서 철대사를 조절하는 인자로 알려진 heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)과 ferritin의 변화 양상을 알아보고 급성 폐손상 또는 급성 호흡곤란 증후군의 조기진단인자로서 적합한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험동물은 체중 300-450g의 sprague-Dawley rat을 사용하였으며, 급성폐손상과 ferritin 및 HO-1변화의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 정상군(Sham), 출혈군 및 phospholipase A$_2$ 억제제인 mepacrine (60mg/kg, iv)을 전처치한 출혈군으로 나누어 실험하였다. Sham군은 출혈군과 동일하게 수술하고 출혈은 시키지 않았으며 나머지 과정은 출혈군과 동일하게 처리하였다. 출혈은 withdrawal pump를 이용하여 분당 4ml/kg의 속도로 5분간 총 체중kg 당 20ml의 혈액을 대퇴동맥에 연결한 관을 통하여 출혈시켰다. 출혈로 인하여 급성 폐손상이 유발되었으며 이는 mepacrine 전처치로 유의하게 억제되었다. 출혈 후 혈장 단백질 농도는 감소하였으나 혈장 ferritin 농도는 출혈 60분 후부터, HO-1 농도는 90분 후부터 증가하여 2시간 후에는 Shanm군에 비해 크게 증가하였으며, 이는 mepacrine 전처치한 경우에서 유의하게 둔화되었다. 폐세척액 내의 세포에서 ferritin과 HO-1의 발현량은 출혈군에서 가장 크게 나타났고, mepacrine을 전 처치한 출혈군에서 발현량이 줄어들었다. 이상의 결과로 살펴볼 때 혈장 ferritin및 HO-1은 출혈성 쇼크로 유발되는 급성 폐손상의 정도와 밀접한 상관관계를 가지고, 비록 정도의 차이는 있더라도 폐세척액 내의 염증성 세포에서도 발현량이 증가하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로, 혈장의 ferritin 및 HO-1농도를 급성 폐손상 및 급성 호흡곤란 증후군의 조기진단을 위한 간접적인 생체지표로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 이 실험 모델에서는 ferritin이 HO-1보다 더 예민한 인자로 평가된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

흔하게 사용되어온 제초제인 paraquat는 파킨슨병의 원인이 될 수 있는 유력한 위험 요소이다. 헴산화효소-1(HO-1)은 산화적 스트레스와 소포체 스트레스의 marker인데, 여러 가지 자극에 의해 heme을 분해하여 biliverdin, 일산화탄소, 철 성분으로 전환시킨다 본 연구에서는 뇌의 흑색질 유래의 도파민 세포주 SN4741에서 paraquat가 시간별, 농도별로 HO-1을 활성화시키는 기작을 조사하였다. HO-1이 Paraquat에 의해 활성화되는 것은 주로 유전자 전사 수준에서 조절되었다. HO-1 유전자의 promoter와 5' enhancer인 El, E2를 결실시킨 실험에서, E2 enhancer가 도파민 세포에서 paraquat에 의한 HO-1 유전자 발현을 유도하는 핵심 부위로 판명되었다 E2 enhancer 부위를 돌연변이 시킨 실험 결과는 전사인자 활성 단백질-1 (AP-1) 결합부위를 통해 HO-1 발현이 유도됨을 밝히게 되었다. 또한, 도파민 세포에서 HO-1 유전자 발현의 조절과 신호전달 과정의 관계를 조사하기 위해 MAP kinase들의 특이적 저해제를 처리하고 paraquat로 자극을 준 결과, JNK 저해제인 SP600125가 가장 현저하게 paraquat에 의한 HO-1 발현을 억제하였다. 결론적으로, 도파민 세포에서 paraquat가 HO-1을 유도하는 데는 E2 enhancer가 중요하게 작용하고, AP-1과 JNK 경로를 통해 HO-1 발현이 조절된다는 사실을 처음으로 밝히게 되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

This study was designed to assess the nutritional iron status and anemia of middle school girls. Three-hundred-fifty- three female subjects in Ulsan metropolitan city were evaluated using a questionnaire, and hematological indices. The average height and weight of the respondents were 157.19 $\pm$ 5.57 cm and 51.06 $\pm$ 9.42 kg respectively. The average Body Mass Index (BMI, $kg/m^2$) was 20.63 $\pm$ 3.23, which was within the normal range. With regard to clinical symptoms, the greatest number of respondents reported that they experienced 'decreased ability to concentrate'. The total caloric intake of each subject was 1743.28 $\pm$ 343.47 kcal(83.01% of the Korean RDA) and the calcium intake was 634.98 $\pm$ 201.43 mg (79.37% of the Korean RDh) . The mean daily intake of iron was 14.76 : 4.36 mg (92.25% of the Korean RDh) and the heme iron intake was 6.12 $\pm$ 2.30 mg, which was 41.5% of the total iron intake. The average hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the subjects was 13.24 $\pm$ 1.01 g/dl, and the average hematocrit (Hct) level was 37.79 $\pm$ 4.10%. The transferrin saturation {TS (%)} was 19.41 $\pm$ 9.21%, and the ferritin level was 26.26 $\pm$ 18.60 ng/ml. The iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated at 6.1% by using Hb (< 12 g/ml), 20.5% by using Hct (< 36%), 30.8% by using 75 (< 14%) , and 23.1% by using ferritin (< 12 ng/ml) The total iron binding capacity (TIBC) showed a negative correlation with the Hb, iron, ferritin and 75. With regard to the correlation between blood biochemistry and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the Hb concentration was negatively correlated with 'pale face'(p < 0.05) . In addition, the level of iron was significantly and negatively correlated with 'poor memory' (p<0.01) and the ferritin concentration was negatively correlated with 'no appetite '(p < 0.05) ,'pale face (p < 0.05) . These results suggest that the prevalence of iron deficiency among middle school girls is very high; therefore, guidelines on dietary support and nutritional education to improve their dietary iron status should be provided.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the food behavior and nutrient intakes, and the analysis of constituent parts of blood related to iron nutrition conditions and to investigate the correlation between iron nutrition conditions and obesity. Each subject was assigned to one of such as normal(n=55) and obese groups(n=60) according to their obesity index. Their nutritional status, serum iron status were evaluated based in 24-hr dietary recalls, questionnaire and blood analysis. The mean age of the normal group(10.76 years) and that of the obese group(10.95 years) made little difference. The height(p<0.05), weight(p<0.001), and obesity index(p<0.001) in the obese group were higher than those of the normal group in every respect. The 63.55% of the subject of this study gave an answer 'They eat breakfast daily', and the frequency of eating breakfast made little difference. The average intakes of energy were 1669.44 kcal(84.19% of EER) in the obese group and 1673.59 kcal(86.72% of EER) in the normal group respectively, which made little difference between two groups. The intake of nutrients such as calcium and folate was as insufficient as below 75% of RI. The heme iron intake of the obese group was low that of the normal group(p<0.05). Among the major 20 iron resources the iron intake through animal food intake were 1.43 mg(12.00%) in the obese group and 1.93 mg(17.72%) in the normal group respectively. The rating of iron condition in the blood showed that the number of red blood cell(p<0.01), the hemoglobin(p<0.001), and hematocrit(p<0.01) of the obese group were lower than those of the normal group. These results suggest that there should be the right choice of food according to its bioavailability and nutritive guidance to appropriate food behavior, in addition to increasing iron intake to improve iron nutrition conditions of obese male elementary school students.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.532-541
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• 2010

Peroxidase-like activity of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) has been recently disclosed. To maximize such activity, two catalytically conserved residues (histidine and arginine) found in the distal pocket of peroxidases have successfully been introduced into that of the VHb. A 15-fold increase in catalytic constant ($k_{cat}$) was obtained in P54R variant,which was presumably attributable to the lower rigidity and higher hydrophilicity of the distal cavity arising from substitution of proline to arginine. None of the modifications altered the affinity towards either $H_2O_2$ or ABTS substrate. Spectroscopic studies revealed that VHb variants harboring the T29H mutation apparently demonstrated a spectral shift in both ferric and ferrous forms (406-408 to 411 nm, and 432 to 424-425 nm, respectively). All VHb proteins in the ferrous state had a $\lambda_{soret}$ peak at ~419 nm following the carbon monoxide (CO) binding. Expression of the P54R mutant mediated the downregulation of iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) as identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). According to the high peroxidase activity of P54R, it could effectively eliminate autoxidation-derived $H_2O_2$, which is a cause of heme degradation and iron release. This decreased the iron availability and consequently reduced the formation of the $Fe^{2+}$-ferric uptake regulator protein ($Fe^{2+}$-Fur), an inducer of FeSOD expression.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2003

The Vitamin E (VE) effect was examined on oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and protein in mice that were fed various levels of lipid diets after total body irradiation (TBI) with X-rays at 2 Gy. No increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) by TBI was observed in the +VE group; however, in the case of the -VE group, a significantly higher 8OHdG level was observed in the high-lipid group than in the low- or basal-lipid group. In the groups with TBI, the concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) only significantly increased in the high-lipid (-VE) group. These changes in TBARS, due to TBI, were not detected in other groups. The contents of protein carbonyls only increased in the (-VE) group. The contents of protein carbonyls was significantly different between the (+VE) and the (-VE) groups, regardless of the lipid levels. The concentrations of GSH, vitamins C and E in the liver were lower, and the concentration of non-heme iron in the liver was higher in the high-lipid group than in the low- and basal-lipid groups. These concentrations in the high-lipid group were significantly different between the (+VE) and the (-VE) groups. These results strongly suggest that mice that are fed a high-lipid diet are susceptible to TBI-induced oxidative damage. Also, decreases in the GSH levels and an increase in the iron level are involved in the mechanism of this susceptibility.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 1993

1992년 10월 1일부터 1993년 3월 31월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에 입원하여 만삭분만한 정상산모 35명을 대조군으로, 경증 자간전증 환자 23명을 대상군으로 일산화탄소혈색소와 혈청 철의 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 혈청철의 농도는 임신성 고혈압 환자군에서 $86.5{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/dl$, 정상 산모군에서 $53.2{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/dl$로 임신성 고혈압 환자군에서 유의성 있게 증가하였고, 일산화탄소혈색소 농도도 각 군에서 분만 전 $0.61{\pm}0.21{\mu}g/dl$, $2.55{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/dl$, 분만후 $0.53{\pm}0.2{\mu}g/dl$, $1.21{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/dl$로 임신성 고혈압 환자군에서 높게 나타났다. 간세포 손상의 근거로서 SGOT, SGOP 및 적혈구 파괴의 근거로서 혈색소치와 혈액농축의 근거로소 적혈구용적치는 각각 양 군에서 의의있는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 경증 자간전증 환자군에서 정상 산모군에 비하여 혈청 철과 일산화탄소혈색소가 훨씬 증가하였음을 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.378-389
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of magnesium, iron, copper and zinc nutrition in 28 normal and 28 obese male elementary school students who have over 30% obesity index. The anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes and serum levels of magnesium, iron, copper and zinc were determined by 24-hr recall method and blood analysis, respectively. The mean age, height, weight, and obesity index were 10.9years, 147.4cm, 61.1kg, and 50.5% in obese group and 10.8years, 145.4cm, 40.2kg, and 3.3% in normal group. There was no significant difference in average daily food intake between obese and normal group, but meats(p＜0.05) intake of obese group was significantly lower than that of normal group. The intakes of energy, magnesium, iron, copper were not significantly difference between obese and normal group, but heme iron(p＜0.05) intake of obese group was significantly lower than that of normal group. Zinc(p＜0.05) intake of obese group was significantly higher than that of normal group. Serum magnesium(p＜0.001) level of obese group was significantly higher than that of normal group, but there were no significant differences in serum iron, copper, zinc levels between obese and normal group. There was a significantly positive correlation between serum magnesium and weight(p＜0.05), and obesity index(p＜0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum magnesium and energy intake(p＜0.05), protein intake(p＜0.05), animal protein intake(p＜0.05), phosphorus intake(p＜0.05) and animal iron intake(p＜0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum magnesium and seaweeds intake(p＜0.05), milks intake(p＜0.001). Also, there was significantly positive correlation between serum copper and oils and fat intake(p＜0.05). These results suggest that there should be careful considerations for micronutrients nutrition status among male obese elementary school students.