• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.533-543
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the iron status of preschool children in Ulsan, Korea. The study was con-ducted using 95 children aged 3 to 6 years by investigating the anthropometric indices and assessing the dietary intakes and biochemical analysis. A questionnaire for dietary intakes using 24-hr recall method were carried out by the mothers of the 95 subjects. And also a study was conducted to assess hematological and biochemical status of iron and prevalence of iron deficiency. The average height and weight were 105.4 $\pm$ 7.0 cm, 18.7 $\pm$ 3.2 kg in boys, 103.8 $\pm$ 6.7 cm, 17.6 $\pm$ 2.7 kg in girls. These were lower than the body growth standard values of Korean pediatrics. There was not a significant difference in both between boys and girls. For the daily nutrient intake, energy was 1201.5 $\pm$ 280.9 kcal (79.3$\%$RDA), protein was 63.8 $\pm$ 28.2 g (219.4$\%$RDA), iron was 11.9 $\pm$ 4.5 mg (133.2$\%$RDA). The iron nutritional status by hematological assay found that Hct was 34.7 $\pm$ 2.0 ($\%$), Hb was 12.0 $\pm$ 0.8 g/dl, RBC was 4.3 $\pm$ 0.3 ($10^6/{\mu}l$), MCV was 80.5 $\pm$ 3.0 fL, MCH was 27.8 $\pm$ 1.1 pg and MCHC was 34.6 $\pm$ 0.6 g/dl. The biochemical measurement of serum iron was 75.6 $\pm$ 30.3 ${\mu}g$/dl, TIBC was 320.3 $\pm$ 34.1 ${\mu}g$/dl, serum ferritin was 30.0 $\pm$ 14.8 ${\mu}g$/dl, Zinc-Protophor-phyrin (ZPP) was 32.7 $\pm$ 8.0 ${\mu}g$/dl, and ZPP/Heme was 71.1 $\pm$ 19.5 ($\mu$mole/mol heme). The prevalence with Hct, Hb, TS and serum ferritin less than cut-off value was $8.4\%,\;9.5\%,\;12.6\%$ and $4.4\%$ respectively. But the prevalence of iron deficiency estimated with ZPP and ZPP/Heme criteria were $25.3\%$ and $27.4\%$, and were higher than in case of any other indices. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia ((low Hb (< 11.0 g/dl) and low serum ferritin (< 10 ${\mu}g$/L) or low TS (3-4 yews: < $12\%$, 5-6 years: < $14\%$)) was found in only one 3 year old girl. The prevalence of iron deficiency except Hct and Hb was the highest in 3 year group, but the prevalence by Hct and Hb was the highest in 5 year group. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia do not seem to be a major public health problem in preschool children in Ulsan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.887-896
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to assess hematological and biochemical status and the prevalence of iron deficiency of pregnant women by gestational age to provide the primary data about iron nutritional status of pregnant women. Pregnant women visiting public health centers in Ulsan participated in study and were divided into 3 trimester by last menstrual period(LMP). Hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit(Hct)and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) among iron status indices were not statistically different from normal distribution, however total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin were skewed to left and serum iron and transferrin saturation(TS) were skewed to right. Hgb was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.93, p<0.001) but TIBC was negatively correlated with all indices. Serum ferritin was also correlated with all indices, especially in 3rd trimester but not reached to 1st trimester level. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), Red cell distribution width(RDW), serum iron and TS were not significantly different by trimester, however when serum serum iron was adjusted with hematocrit to correct the hemodilution, it significantly decreased in 2nd trimester. MCV increased in 2nd trimester and was maintained until late pregnancy, TIBC continued to increase throughout the trimester. The prevalence of anemic by CDC(Centers for Disease Control) Hgb criteria(Hgb <11.0g/dl in 1st and 3nd trimester, Hgb<10.5g/dl in 2nd trimester) was 2.8% in 1st trimester, 22.5% in 2nd trimester, 27.1% in 3rd trimester and was similar with prevalence by CDC Hct criteria(Hct < 33% in 1st and 3rd, Hct < 32% in 2nd). The prevalence of anemic of total subjects was 32.7% by WHO criteria(Hgb < 11.0g/dl). Although almost iron status indices increased in 3rd trimester, the prevalence of anemia by different criteria of all indices increased throughout the trimester, so iron nutritional status was considered as serious during late pregnancy. However, since factors other than iron deficiency, such as infection, infection, inflammation, other nutrient deficiency may also play a significant role, to differentiate the anemia due to mainly iron deficiency from the anemia due to other factors, serum ferritin is among the more useful indices in distinguishing the two conditions because it is depressed only in iron deficiency. Hgb<11.0g/dl and serum ferritin<12.0ug/L as the criteria of iron deficiency was suggested by CDC. 17.8% of all subjects were classified as iron deficient anemia, 14.9% as anemic from other reasons, 21.2% as iron deficiency any only 46.2% were in normal iron status.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.224-238
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to confirm the physicochemical property and hazard of thinner (012), which is a diluent of enamel paint used for floor coating for waterproofing and oil painting for the outer wall. The literatures of physicochemical property and hazard of thinner were surveyed and its physicochemical property were evaluated. And then, the inhalation toxicity of thinner affecting the central nervous system and reproductive organs in rats were examined by subchronic (6 h./day. 5 days/ week for 13 weeks) inhalation test. 1) According to the 13-week subchronic inhalation test, there were no significant changes in clinical test and body weight. However, a significant evidence of toxicity was observed in the hematological test and organ weight such as heart, kidney, liver and brain (p<0.01) in the 200 ppm and 1,000 ppm exposure groups in a dose response manner. In the histopathology analysis, there were no significant evidence of toxicity. Therefore, thinner was not classified as an organ targeted toxic agent. In case of Harmfulness, it could be classified as a chronic toxic agent 3($500 ppm/4hr, rat). 2) The reproductive toxicity such as extension of the period of estrous cycle, reduction of serum estradiol concentration and increase of frequency of the abnormal sperm was observed in the 1,000 ppm exposed animals. 3) The result of the physicochemical property of the test material showed that the specific gravity was 0.793, boiling point $155.8^{\circ}C$, steam pressure 2.1 kPa, ignition point $34.5^{\circ}C$, and spontaneous ignition point $280^{\circ}C$. The endothermic and exothermic values were 371.4 J/g and 159.1 J/g. respectively. The explosion limit was 214 mg/l. These data showed that thinner could be classified as an explosion agent level 1.2 and ignitive liquid agent 3 ($23-60^{\circ}C$) according to the notification No. 2008-1 of the Labor Ministry, "Classifying Standard of Chemical Materials."

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to obtain the nutritional values and objective data of uncooked powdered food (UPF) in korea. We interviewed 27 healthy female subjects aged over 25 years living in the lksan area. We just replaced common breakfast and dinner of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Their body compositions were measured using body fat analyzer. Also we conducted hematological and clinical analysis of blood. The intake of energy, lipid and protein has decreased as people started to take UPF, but the intake of vitamins and minerals has increased. The quality of meals has improved after taking UPF. Due to the energy loss by taking UPF, weight and body fat gradually lessened. Among the lost weight the percentage of the body fat was high and we judged that the process of losing weight was successful. It is hard to predict whether weight loss will occur to people who are already in shape or not, but if overweight and obesity people regularly take UPF instead of other food products, we assume that UPF will help lessening body fat. The most positive change among biochemical changes by taking UPF was decreasing of serum lipid contents. The concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol gradually decreased and decreased intently after 12weeks. Serum HDL-cholesterol gradually increased and serum triglyceride showed gradual decrement. When healthy adult women replaced two of three meals with UPF for 3months, we were able to see some useful changes like decrement of body fat and serum lipid control and during this 3month period, no significant nutritional problems occurred. Complete judgement on UPF may be difficult with these conclusions but if people take a nomal meal once and replenish iron from taking UPF twice a day, we assume that replacing UPF with regular meal not be a problem in nutritional status. If other experiments on the effects of UPF proceed, we believe that those experiments will be very helpful in judging the nutritional value of UPF. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1) : 49-63, 2003)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.1 s.56
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

Six week-old ICR mite which were divided into four groups including NC, RC, RR and RS were injected with sun ginseng (RS), red ginseng (RR) and saline (RC) intraperitonedlly as an amount of 60 mg/g body weight at 1 hour, 12 hours and 36 hours before the irradiation of high-energy X-ray and the mire were sacrificed at three and a half days after the irradiation. The RS group were significant increase in the weight of spleen (p<0.01) and the numbers of jejunal crypt cells (P<0.01), WBC (p<0.05), lymphocytes (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in comparison with the RC group. The RR group were significant increase in the numbers of jejunal crypt cells (p<0.001), WBC (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in comparison with the RC group. The RS group exhibited a more increase in the weights of spleen and thymus and the numbers of jejunal crypt cells and all items of hematological examination than the RR group. The values of ALT (alanine transaminase) and AST (aspartate transaminase) were significantly elevated (p<0.05) by radiation and they were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the RS group to the values of the NC group. Taken together the above results, sun ginseng demonstrated a jejunal crypt survival effect, the protective effects on hepatocytes and immune and hematopoietic cells in mice irradiated with high-energy X-ray, and those radiation protective effects were a little higher in comparison with red ginseng.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4857-4861
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• 2016

Background: Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specifically targeting the BCR/ABL fusion protein, induces hematological remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the majority of CML patients treated with imatinib develop resistance with prolonged therapy. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is a Malaysian mistletoe species that has been used as a traditional treatment for several ailments such as smallpox, ulcers, and cancers. Methods: We developed a resistant cell line (designated as K562R) by long-term co-culture of a BCR/ABL positive CML cell line, K562, with imatinib mesylate. We then investigated the anti-proliferative effects of D. pentandra methanol extract on parental K562 and resistant K562R cells. Trypan blue exclusion assays were performed to determine the IC50 concentration; apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were conducted by flow cytometry. Results: D. pentandra extract had greater anti-proliferative effects towards K562R ($IC50=192{\mu}g/mL$) compared to K562 ($500{\mu}g/mL$) cells. Upon treatment with D. pentandra extract at the IC50. concentration: K562 but not K562R demonstrated increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Conclusion: D. pentandra methanol extract exerts potent anti-proliferative effect on BCR/ABL positive K562 cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

In order to investigate the preliminary repeat oral dose toxicity and to determine the highest dosage for further 4-week repeated dose toxicity test, Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) has been showed various pharmacological effects, was orally administered to female and male rats, once a day for 14 days at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weights) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. The mortality and changes on the body weights, clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry and gross observations were monitored with organ weight and histopathology of principle organs. As the results of 14-day repeated oral treatment of LMF, no LMF treatment related mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats, respectively. In addition, no noticeable changes on the body weight and clinical signs were detected except for significant decreases on the body weights and gains restricted to male 2,000 mg/kg treated groups as compared with male vehicle control. No meaningful changes on the organ weights, hematological, serum biochemistrical, gross and histopathological findings were observed. Therefore the highest dosage in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity test is suggested as 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male rats, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.975-984
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• 2013

This study is performed to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among male workers and to identify the relationships with many related factors including anthropometry, hematological index, serum lipid level, dietary-related behaviors and health-related behaviors. According to the age groups, the 20s are significantly higher in normal and risk groups than in the metabolic syndrome (MS) group, the 30s are significantly higher in MS group than the other groups. The levels of AST and ${\gamma}$-GTP both show significant differences in the order of MS group ($30.3{\pm}8.8U/l$, $91.1{\pm}40.2U/l$) > risk group ($25.7{\pm}8.1U/l$, $41.8{\pm}20.2U/l$) > normal group ($22.8{\pm}6.0U/l$, $26.6{\pm}10.7U/l$). For the frequency of breakfast consumption, the response of 'Every day' is significantly higher in MS group than normal and risk groups, but the response of 'Not at all' is significantly higher in normal group than MS and risk groups. The drinking amount is positively correlated with ${\gamma}$-GTP in normal group, and it is negatively correlated with the hematocrit level, but it is positively correlated with the systolic blood pressure in MS group. AST is positively correlated with glucose concentrations of the MS group. The ALT is positively correlated with waist circumferences and systolic blood pressure in the risk group. The results of this study show that breakfast frequency, education level, drinking amount, drinking frequency, exercise frequency, AST, ALT and ${\gamma}$-GTP levels are all important risk factors of MS. Therefore, it is very important to maintain a healthy life style for the prevention of MS incidence.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.635-643
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• 2021

The results of empirical researches on the diagnosis of lung cancer are insufficient, so it is limited to objectively judge the clinical possibility and utilization according to the accuracy of diagnosis. Thus, this study retrospectively analyzed the lung cancer diagnostic performance of PET-MRI (Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) by using the decision matrix. This study selected and experimented total 165 patients who received both hematological CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) test and hybrid PET-MRI (¹⁸F-FDG, 5.18 MBq/kg / Body TIM coil. VIVE-Dixon). After setting up the result of CEA (positive:>4 ㎍/ℓ. negative:<2.5㎍/ℓ) as golden data, the lung cancer was found in the image of PET-MRI, and then the SUV_max (positive:>4, negative:<1.5) was measured, and then evaluated the correlation and significance of results of relative diagnostic performance of PET-MRI compared to CEA through the statistical verification (t-test, P>0.05). Through this, the PET-MRI was analyzed as 96.29% of sensitivity, 95.23% of specificity, 3.70% of false negative rate, 4.76% of false positive rate, and 95.75% of accuracy. The false negative rate was 1.06% lower than the false positive rate. The PET-MRI that significant accuracy of diagnosis through high sensitivity and specificity, and low false negative rate and false positive rate of lung cancer, could acquire the fusion image of specialized soft tissue by combining the radio-pharmaceuticals with various sequences, so its clinical value and usefulness are regarded as latently sufficient.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 1998

This sutdy was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and foru-week intravenous toxicity of the intralipidos in rats and rabbits. The acute toxicity study of Intralipidos was performed in Spragur-Dawley (SD) rats. Intralipidos was administered by intravenous to maximum dose 200 ml/kg. $LD_{50}$ of intralipidos was found 139.5ml/kg and 153.8ml/kg in male female SD rats. Four-week toxicity of intralipidos using New Zealand White Rabbit and SD rats. The Rabbit and Rats were administered by intravenous seven days per week for 28 days, with dosage of 15, 6, 2 ml/kg/day and 20, 6, 2ml/kg/day, respectively. Animals treated with intralipidos did not cause any death and show any clinical signs. They did not show any significant changes of body weight, feed uptake and water consumption. They were not significantly different from the control group in urinalysis, ocular examination hematological, serum biochemical value and histopathological examination. Therefore, Intralipidos was not indicated to have any toxic effect in the Rabbits and Rats, when it was administrated by intravenous below the dosage 15ml/kg/day and 20 ml/kg/day for four weeks.