• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

The effectiveness of a synthetic solution of sodium carboxymethy1cellulose (SCMC) and dextran in the prevention of adhesion formation following intestinal anastomosis of intestine in dogs was elucidated and compared with Interceed. Following induction of adhesion on jejunum of dogs by resection and intestinal anastomosis, the dogs were infused with a synthetic solution of 1% SCMC and 10% dextran in saline in the abdominal cavity at the dose of 5ml/kg of body weight or treated with Interceed membrane. Fourteen days after operation, all the dogs showed adhesion of anastomotic sites to surrounding tissues. The average score of adhesion was 0.50, 0.60 and 0.80 in the dogs infused with the synthetic solution, Interceed membrane and saline solution, respectively. The synthetic solution showed better result of adhesion prevention than Interceed or saline solution. No significant change of body weight, vital signs, hematological values and side effects after operation was found in each group. Therefore, a synthetic solution which is combined with 1% SCMC and 10% dextran in saline can be effectively used for the prevention of adhesion formation comparable to Interceed membrane following intestinal anastomosis in the dogs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

Chlorpyrifos, o,o diethyl-o-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide. The use of chlorpyrifos has been increased more and more as pesticide. But the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations has not been yet observed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations in CICA male mice. Chlorpyrifos was administered to mice by a single intraperitoneal injection for the purpose of observing acute effects. On the one hand to get the information on immunopathologic alterations we observed hematological values, counted total circulating leukocytes and assessed the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils from the peripheral blood, measured the ratio of organ/body weight and counted splenic cellularity in CBA male mice which treated chlorpyrifos intraperitoneally. But we could not find any significant immunopathologic alterations statistically by a single intraperitoneal injection. Also, the exposure of chlorpyrifos caused no significant change in the number of PFC/10$^6$ spleen cells at any three given doses. On the other hand a singte intraperitoneal injection of chlorpyrifos decreased the lymphocyte proliferation response slightly to ConA or LPS stimulation at a dose of 6 mg/kg b.w. Administrations of chlorpyrifos reduced mixed leukocyte response(MLR). MLR was decreased moderately at doses of 3mg/kg b.w. and 6mg/kg b.w. Therefore, all these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos may alter the immune functions acutely. especially by the changes of T lymphocyte activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.408-419
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• 1993

Subacute toxicities of DWH-Ol(Ranitidine : Bismuth : Sucralfate=1.5:2:6) were inverstigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. After oral administration of DWH-01 with different dosages of 5 g/kg, l g/kg, and 0.2 g/kg, we examined the number of deaths, general signs, food intake, water intake, body weight and histopatholgical changes for both sexes of rats. During the adminstration period, urinalysis and opthalmological examination were also performed in the treated animals. 1) Animals were all survived for 4 weeks. 2) There were no significant differences in pathological and opthalmological findings between the control and treated animals. 3) There were no significant changes in body weight, food intake and water intake compared with control group. 4) In hematological examination and blood chemical analysis, there was no significant change compared with control group. 5) In histopathological examinations of organs and tissues, there was some hemorrhage in a lung tissue of low dose group, but it was thought to be caused by environmental factor. These data suggest that DWH-01 is not subacutely toxic in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.305-308
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• 1996

The acute toxicity of rHu-EPO, newly developed recombinant erythropoietin, was tested in beagle dogs. rHu-EPO, when administered intravenously at 25, 000 IU/kg, did not cause any death. Also, rHu-EPO did not induce any change of body weight, food intake and clinical signs compared to controls. There were no significant changes in hematological, urine analysis and pathological examination. These results showed that rHu-EPO did not induce any remarkable toxic response and the $LD_50$ was greater than 25, 000 IU/kg in beagle dogs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 1970

Elucidation of the metabolic pathway due to 50% dietary restriction carried out in this study. Seventy male and female wealning rats, weighed $43{\pm}2g$ were divided into seven groups, 10 rats each. Twenty rats, ten males and ten females were sacrificed every three weeks after 50% dietary restriction for whole length of the experiment, nine weeks. Pair-feeding was employed in this study. According to the increment of the dietary restricted period, the body and organ weights were decreased. Especially liver and spleen were mostly shrinked in their weights, and brain was the most stable organ in account of dietary restricted effect. In comparison nitrogen retention between restricted and unrestricted groups, the former showed lower than the later but tubulated into the rate of Nitrogen retention per gram of body weight, reverse was true in this respect. In regardness of the experimental organs, spleen revealed the most fast change and the brain the most slow change their content of RNA and DNA in account of the 30% dietary restriction. Hematological investigation did not show any anemic conditions in both restricted and unrestricted groups. Also serum albumin contents A/G ratio, did not effect due to 50% dietary restrictions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warm needling at $GB_{30}{\cdot}GB_{34}$ on Complete Freund's Adjuvant(CFA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left knee joint and paw. Acupuncture(AT) and warm needling(W-AT0.5, W-AT1.0) were injected at $GB_{30}{\cdot}GB_{34}$, every other day for a total of 5 times beginning on day 10 after the CFA injection. Thereafter, external shape, paw edema, serum aminotransferase and anti-inflammatory factors were assessed, and hematological and histological observations were made. Results : In paw edema volume all 3 groups(AT, W-AT0.5, W-AT1.0) showed significant decrease compared to the CFA control group. In TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, all 3 groups showed significant decrease compared to CFA control group. In AST and ALT all 3 groups showed no significant change. In IL-$1{\beta}$, W-AT0.5 and W-AT1.0, groups showed significant decrease compared to the CFA control group. Leucocyte, erythrocyte and thrombocyte, all 3 groups showed no significant change. In histological observations, all 3 groups were similar to the intact group in terms of synoviocyte, cartilage lacuna and cartilage cells. Conclusions : The results suggest that warm needling at $GB_{30}{\cdot}GB_{34}$, has the effect of suppressing inflammation of CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.242-256
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• 2007

1. Objectives Purpose of this study is to prove anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of Gongjinhugwon-dan decoction. 2. Methods The SD rats used in this experiment were 6, 18, and 36 weeks old. Each age group was again divided into three groups. These nine groups consisted of 8 rats each. One group was given no treatment, another group was dosed $200{\mu}l$ of normal saline daily, and the last group was dosed $200{\mu}l$ of 1 % Gongjinhugwon-dan and saline mixture. At the conclusion of the experiment, the age groups were relabelled accordingly (10 weeks, 22 weeks, and 40 weeks). After 4 weeks, change of weight and liver markers were measured. Serum LDL cholesterol, total bilirubin, albumin, glucose, GOT and GPT levels were observed in order to check the hematological modification. Also, each organ tissue was biopsied in order to measure the SOD activity and the glutathione content change. 3. Results & Conclusions Aging did not cause any significant change in GOT and LDH, but GPT and albumin levels showed increase after GHD intake. Serum GPT was lower in the experimental group. Serum total bilirubin of the 40 w GHD group was significantly increased. The populations of dendritic cells in the spleens of the GHD groups were significantly increased. The levels of GSH in the liver of the 40 w GHD group and in the kidney of 22w-GSD were significantly increased in comparison with those of the normal groups. The degenerative change of brain tissue was decreased in the 40 w GHD group compared with those of the 40w normal group and the 40 w saline group. These results suggest that anti-oxidative GSH concentration of liver and kidney in rats treated with GHD showed significant increase in the 40 w GHD group. GHD was effective on increasing anti-oxidative substance in liver and dendritic cells in spleen, thus helping immune system and preventing cell mutation and degenerative change of brain tissues. Further studies and clinical investigation with GHD is needed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2018

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the leading cause of death among hematologic neoplasms. Recently, microRNA has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This study examined whether miR-221 could be used as a diagnostic marker for multiple myeloma. The study was performed on 20 patients with multiple myeloma without any other hematological diseases. MicroRNA extraction was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues obtained from the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma. miR-15a, miR-16, miR-21, miR-181a, and miR-221 were selected as the microRNA target genes for multiple myeloma. The significance of microRNA was based on a fold change of <1.5. To quantify the fold changes, data normalized to the human gene, SNORD43, were used as the values of the patient group. Fold change values greater than 1.5 were defined as "overexpression", whereas values less than -1.5 were defined as "underexpression". Of note, 65.0% (13/20) of samples showed significant "overexpression" in the levels of miR-221 expression and plasma cells with a group of more and less than 30% in MM patients did not show any significance of plasma cell (P<0.05). The results of other studies showing a correlation between the expression of miR-221 and MM in Caucasians were confirmed. These results suggest that miR-221 may be a useful indicator for diagnosing patients with MM. In conclusion, miR-221 is useful in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis of multiple myeloma in Koreans.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2020

Smoking is associated with increased inflammation and is a risk factor for a range of diseases. Conversely, yogurt has beneficial effects on health. This study examined the effects of yogurt consumption on the hematological parameters and fibrinogen levels in smokers. The participants were categorized into four groups. Non-smokers were assigned to the control and yogurt groups while smokers were assigned to the smoking and combined (yogurt plus smoking) groups. The participants consumed yogurt, and either smoked or did not smoke for three weeks. The changes in hematological parameters and fibrinogen levels were examined. In the combined group, the proportion of neutrophils and fibrinogen levels increased significantly, whereas the lymphocyte proportion decreased. The eosinophil proportion increased significantly in the Smoking group, but no change was observed in the combined group. In addition, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration increased in the smoking and combined groups, indicating that smoking may affect the lifespan of red blood cells. In conclusion, this study showed that yogurt consumption might influence the immune function by modulating the levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and fibrinogen in smokers. Furthermore, the absence of any increase in the eosinophil proportion in the combined group, unlike in the smoking group, suggests that yogurt consumption may have an inhibitory effect on allergic reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1286-1294
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• 2015

The acute and subchronic toxicity of 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange was evaluated in ICR mice. For acute toxicity, groups of 30 male and 30 female ICR mice were orally administered 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange (0, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg). The mortality, clinical sign, body weight changes, and necropsy findings of ICR mice were observed for 14 days. No significant changes in body weight or abnormal gross findings were observed in relation to 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within normal ranges. According to the results, 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange had no special toxic effects in male and female ICR mice at 2,000 mg/kg. For subchronic toxicity, groups of 36 male and 36 female ICR mice were given a diet of 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange for 13 weeks (control, non-irradiated, and irradiated imported orange). During the experimental period, mortality, clinical signs, body weight change, food consumption, organ weight, and histopathological examination did not show any changes in comparison to the control group. Several hematological and serum biochemical parameters showed statistically significant changes, but these changes were within normal range. These results indicate that 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange did not cause any toxic effects in male and female ICR mice and therefore can be considered as safe.