• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Physiological response of fish and bivalve was estimated to identify the physiological changes of test species by lowering water temperature due to the abrupt stop of cooling water discharge from power plant. The experiment was conducted by two conditions; fall and winter by decreasing water temperature ($2^{\circ}C$/2 days) from $26^{\circ}C$ to $17^{\circ}C$ for fall scenario and from $15^{\circ}C$ to $9^{\circ}C$ for winter scenario, respectively. Test organisms were parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciantus) and bivalve (Gomphina melanaegis), and end points were mortality for both species, hematocrit and cortisol for fish, and hemolymph and superoxide dismutase(SOD) for bivalve. 48/96hr mortality test revealed no mortality for fish and 47% mortality for bivalve at 96hr/$26^{\circ}C$ only. Significant increases of hematocrit and cortisol were found at fishes exposed to $26^{\circ}C$ (high temperature) and lower temperature ($9{\sim}13^{\circ}C$), respectively. Hemolymph and SOD for bivalve tended to decrease by lowering water temperature from 15 to $9^{\circ}C$ (winter scenario) and no changes from 26 to $17^{\circ}C$ (fall scenario). Fall scenario (from 15 to $9^{\circ}C$) showed more significant changes of physiological response than winter cases (26 to $17^{\circ}C$).

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on the dark-banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis (mean body weight: $83.3{\pm}7.2$ g), were studied under static conditions for a period of 96 h. The acute toxicity of nitrite was at the 50% lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of 700 mg/L. The sublethal effects on selected hematological parameters of the dark-banded rockfish, such as its osmolality, hematocrit, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were measured after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 700 mg/L nitrite. Sublethal nitrite caused a progressive reduction in the hematocrit of the fish, depending on the nitrite concentration and the exposure period. Exposure to 100-700 mg/L nitrite for 96 h caused a reduction in the hematocrit and an increase in cortisol, ALT, and AST compared with the control levels. Abnormal ultrastructural changes in the gills and liver tissues were observed in fish exposed to 700 mg/L nitrite for up to 96 h compared with the control tissues. Ultrastructural changes included atrophic gill mitochondria and hepatocytes that developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and atrophic mitochondria. Although no rockfish mortality occurred at 500 mg/L nitrite, all the hematological parameters examined responded adversely to a nitrite dose of 200 mg/L for 96 h. These results show that although the acute toxic concentration of nitrite for the dark-banded rockfish is > 700 mg/L, sublethal concentrations of nitrite also negatively affect its hematological parameters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1990

농촌 주부의 식생활상태는 건강과 밀접한 관계를 가지므로 식생활환경과 식사내용 및 혈액 성상에 대한 내용을 분석 비교하였다. 대상자의 학력은 낮으며 가족수는 전국평균보다 많으며 약한 저체중상태가 60%나 되었다. 가정기기의 사용률은 중간 정도이나 농기계 보유율은 1.36대에 불과 하였으며 위생생활은 이루어진다고 볼 수 있으나 문화생활수준은 매우 낮았다. 혈압은 정상보다 낮으며 농부증은 4.72점으로서 요관찰대상점수였다. 식품군별 섭취량은 전반적으로 낮았으며 곡류와 채소가 주류이고 동물성식품은 빈약하였다. 영양소는 비타민C 및 아니아신을 제외하고 모두 권장량에 미치지 못하였으며 칼슘은 66.3%, 철분은 56.6%로서 특히 낮았다. 혈액성상은 혈청단백질은 정상으로 지질, 칼슘, 마그네슘 등은 정상범위는 벗어나지 않으나 낮은 수준이었다. 혈청철분과 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿은 낮은 수치가 많아 빈혈빈도가 높음을 보였으며 혈청 ferritin은 특히 낮았다. 각 요인의 상관관계를 보면, 곡류를 혈청마그네슘과 높은 상관을 보였고 혈청콜레스테롤은 곡류, 유지류, 채소류, 육류의 섭취와 상관을 보이고 체중과 신체충실지수와 밀접한 상관을 보였다. 빈혈과 관련하여 볼 때 헤모글로빈과 헤마토크릿 수치는 과일류, 생선류의 섭추와는 음의 상관을, 신체충실지수와는 양의 상관을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.864-872
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• 2000

This study intended to evaluate the validity of the simple nutrition screening test that had been developed with the elderly living in Cheongju as a subject. Nutrition screening score(NSS) and reference standards for nutritional and health status(nutrient intakes, mean adequacy ratio, perceive health, and serum albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) were estimated by using the date obtained in 1996 from the 174 elderly living in Taejon, Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and NSS(r=0.341) and also between NSS and biological indices such as albumin and hematocrit, Around 65-75% of the elderly with perceive health and low level of serum albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit had NSS$\leq$ll. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values(PPV) were calculated from the crosstabulation of the three categories of NSS(high, moderate, and low nutritional risk) and low categories MAR(< 0.75, undernutrition;$\geq$0.75, normal) to validate the cut-off point for high or low nutritional risk by NSS. It was suggested that point l1 was appropriate as a criterion to determine high risk of undernutrition, but point 16 was better than 17 as criterion to determine low nutritional risk in the Taejon elderly. When point ll was used as a criterion of high nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 59.5, 60.5 and 82.1 respectively. When point 16 was used as a criterion of low nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 25.6, 95.4, and 64.7%, respectively. In conclusion, nutrition screening test that had been developed can be a simple, easy, and proper instrument to classify the high risk group of undernutrition. A further validation study seems to be required among other groups of individuals for the screening test to the finalized as a more valid instrument identifying Korean elderly at nutrition and health risk(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 864-872, 2000)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1997

To evaluate iron nutritional status of female college students, fasting blood samples were taken from 76 female students of Kangnung National University. Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin concentrations were measured and transferrin saturation was calculated. Mean values for Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TS and serum freeitin were 13.64$\pm$1.42g/dl, 40.99$\pm$4.31%, 103.0$\pm$33.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/이, 395.3$\pm$9.07$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 26.58$\pm$9.07$\%$and 26.76$\pm$17.5ng/ml, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from 6.8% when judged by Hct to 26.0$\%$ by serum ferritin concentration. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with hematocrit (r=0.5402), serum iron(r=0.2819) and transferrin saturation(r=0.2777)(p<0.05). on the other hand, serum ferritin concentration showed significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=-0.3196). Two-day dietary intake records were collected from subjects to estimate mean daily iron intake and bioavailability of dietary iron. Mean daily intake of iron was 13.15mg and heme iron intake was 0.83mg which was 6.4% of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron calculated by the method of Monsen was 1.27mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was 9.6%. In the light of high prevalence of iron deficiency based of serum ferritin concentration and low bioavailability of iron in the diet, guidelines about diet should be made to increase the content and bioavailability of iron in the diet if female college students.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1990

Nutritional status of cattle in Java in Indonesia was investigated by evaluating P, Ca, Mg, K and Na concentrations in forage and plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi), Ca and Mg, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations of cattle during both rainy and dry seasons in 1988. Investigations were conducted at Jonggol (West Java), Malang (East Java) and Majokerto (East Java). Low P content in forage averaging 0.11% on a dry matter basis, high Ca:P ratio in forage in the rainy season (7.7:1) and low plasma Pi concentrations averaging 4.71 mg/dl were observed in Jonggol. In all three places, Ca content in forages was higher than the requirement according to the NRC standard and plasma Ca concentrations were above the critical level. During the rainy season forty percent of cattle in Malang and Mahokerto showed plasma Mg concentrations below 2mg/dl in spite of normal Mg and K content in forage. Forage samples from each place showed a wide variety in Na content, and Na content of two thirds of forage samples was lower than the requirement according to the NRC standard. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations in Malang and Majokerto showed higher values than the normal range.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1974

Little work has been done on the changes in the blood picture occurring at different ages in cattle. In our country Kim (1963) and Jeong (1965) recorded the blood picture of mature Korean native cattle and, recently, Mun et al. (1974) has recorded the blood picture of Holstein cows. And a comprehensive survey of the blood picture of Korean native cattle has not been made. The object of the present investigation was to make good this deficiency, and to suggest standards for the blood picture of Korean native cattle at frequent intervals from birth to maturity. The cattle were kept under average farming conditions in this country. Observations were made at the following ages: at birth; 1, 2 and 4 days; 1, 2 and 4 weeks; 2,4,6 and 9 months; 1, 2 and 3 years of age. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein. Erythrocyte enumerations, concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values were made in usual manner. Erythrocyte counts increased from $8{\times}10^6/mm^3$ during the first week to a level of $10{\times}10^6/mm^3$ at 2 months of age, showing steady state untill 6 months of age; it then fell to adult level ($8{\times}10^6/mm^3$) at 9 months of age. Concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values were closely related to the changes of erythrocyte counts. The values increased from 10 g/100 ml and 31~35 ml/100 ml during the early life to 11 g/100 ml and 38 ml/100 ml at 2 months of age, showing steady state untill 6 months of age; these then fell to adult level (10 g/100 ml and 31~34 ml/100 ml) at 9 months of age for concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values, respectively. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin showed a common pattern. The values were $42{\sim}43{\mu}m^3$ and 12.4 pg during the early life and fell a little to 6~9 months of age; these then increased to reach adult levels of $43{\mu}m^3$ and 12.6 pg for mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was little affected with age.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.145-158
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• 1999

본 실험은 사군자탕합창출지유탕(四君子湯合蒼朮地楡湯)의 만성설사(慢性泄瀉)에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 시행되었다. 실험을 위해 흰쥐에 3주일간 castor oil과 대황(大黃)분말을 병행 투여하여 1주일후부터 지속적인 설사를 보인쥐를 선정, 만성설사의 모델로 삼았다. 이를 대조군과 실험군으로 구분하여 위장관 기능과 영양상태를 비교하였고, 개선여부를 알아보기 위해 아무런 처치를 받지 않은 정상군을 검체 체취에 사용하였다. 실험군과 대조군에서 검액 투여전 모두 위장관 기능과 영양상태가 감소한 상태였으며, 검액을 투여한 후 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 위장관 기능과 영양상태가 개선된 경향을 보였는데, 특히 gastrin과 total lipid, 그리고 hematocrit 수치가 유의성 있게 나타나 사군자탕합창출지유탕(四君子湯合蒼朮地楡湯)이 만성설사(慢性泄瀉)에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2000

본 연구는 은어의 clone을 생산하여 생리적 형질에 대한 유전적 특성을 조사하고 또 clone의 유전율을 추정했다. 성숙한 완전 동형접합형 자성발생 2배체(난할형 2배체)에서 채란한 후 자성발생을 반복하여 4계통의 clone을 생산하였으며 부화 전부터 같은 수조에 혼합하여 사육하였다. 10개월간 사육한 후 사육수조의 수심을 낮추었을 때의 스트레스가 clone의 혈액성상과 유전율에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사했다. 생산된 각 계통의 clone은 실험에 사용하기 전에 DNA fingerprint법을 이용하여 유전적 균질성을 확인한 후 스트레스어와 비스트레스어의 hematocrit 값, hemoglobin량, 적혈구수 및 평균적 혈구용적 (MCV)을 측정하였다. 비스트레스어에서 측정한 hematocrit값과 MCV에서 각 clone간에 유의차가 인정되었다. 실험어는 모두 같은 환경에서 사육하였기 때문에 이러한 유의차는 주로 각 clone의 유전적인 차이를 반영한 것으로 생각한다. 스트레스 반응률 (SRR)은 기대값보다 낮았으며 유전율 (h$^2$)은 비스트레스 group에서는 평균 0.238로 높았으나 스트레스 group에서는 매우 낮거나 거의 0에 가까웠다. 따라서 혼합 사육한 clone 계통은 생리적 형질의 유전적 특성을 조사하는데 좋은 수단이 된다. 또한 선발 육종의 선발형질로서도 유용하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 1993

카드뮴 투여에 의해 급성중독 된 흰쥐의 간장과 신장에서의 MT합성양상을 검토하고져, 체중이 $60\pm{5g}$ 내외가 되는 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷을 이용하여, 4주간 기본식이로 사육한 후, Cd투여량 및 투여횟수에 따른 MT합성양상을 검토하였다. 즉, Cd투여량에 따른 실험에서는 체중 Kg당 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5mg의 Cd를 24시간 간격으로 2회 복강 내에 투여하였으며, Cd투여 횟수에 따른 실험에서는 체중 Kg당 2.5mg의 Cd를 각각 0, 1, 2, 3, 4회씩 24시간 간격으로 복강내에 투여하였다. 두 실험 모두, 마지막 주사 24시간 만애 실험동물을 희생하여 혈액중의 hemoglobin과 hematocrit함량 측정과 간장 및 신장조직중에서의 MT합성양상을 관찰하였으며, 아울러 간장조직중에서의 -SH group함량을 측청하였다. 1) Cd 투여 농도에 따른 hemoglobin함량은 대조군에 비하여 체중 Kg당 2.5, 5.0mg의 Cd를 투여한 군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 hematocrit치는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 Cd 투여횟수를 증가시켰을 때는 모든 군이 대조군보다 감소되었으며 hermatocrit치는 3,4회 Cd 투여군에서 대조군보다 감소되었다. 2) 간종조직중의 MT합성은 2.5mg Cd/Kg of body wt.까지는 Cd투여농도에 비례하여 점진적인 증가를 하였다. 또한 Cd투여 횟수가 증가됨에 따라 간장 MT합성은 비례하여 증가하였다. 두 실험 모두에서 신장조직중의 MT합성량은 간장조직에서보다 합성량은 적었지만 그 경향은 비슷하였다. 3) 간장에 대한 신장내에서의 MT합성비율은 투여횟수가 증가함에 따라, 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 4) Cd투여농도에 따른 간조직중의 -SH group 함량은 대조군에 비해 체중 Kg당 2.5, 5.0mg Cd투여군에서 유의적인 증가를 하였으며, Cd 투여 횟수의 증가에 따라서는 모든 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다.