• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.521-529
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• 2000

Objectives : To assess height, weight and body mass index from childhood to adolescence according to the age at menarche and hence to study the influence of childhood growth on the menarche age. Methods : $\lceil$The Kangwha Study$\rfloor$was a community-based prospective cohort study which included the entire population of 219 female first graders in Kangwha county in 1986. Among the 219 girls, 119 girls who had received complete follow up checks during the study period$(1986\sim1997)$, were included in this study, except one for whom menarche age information was unavailable. The remaining 118 girls were divided into three groups according to the timing of menarche : early(<25 percentile), intermediate and late($\geq75$ percentile) maturers. Results : The average age at menarche was 12.7 years . early 11.3 years, intermediate 12.6 years and late 13.7 years. The early maturers were taller and heavier between $6\sim8$ years. But, the mean weight and body mass index at the menarche age did not differ statistically among the three groups. The weight and body mass index of the early maturers were consistently higher than those of the late maturers over the entire period of the study. Conclusions : Critical body weight and body mass index must be attained for menstruation to be attained and the age at menarche is largely determined by the childhood growth. In addition, it seems that childhood growth and age at menarche are associated with adolescent weight and body mass index.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1971

For the measurement on the fat content if University Students, an intensive examination was conducted on a total of 3,030 students(male 2,577, female 453), from 16 to 25 years of age. The subjects were all students who had passed the written entrance examination for Seoul National University. Total Body Fat amount was measurement by skin-fold thickness with a skin-fold caliper(Manufactured by Cambridge Scientific Industrial Inc. U.S.A.) at four sites of the body, and it was calculated by Kim's and Lee's regression equation. As a result of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained; 1. Physical Measurements: i) The average of body height by anthropometric was male $167.95{\pm}4.85cm$ and female $156.03{\pm}4.56cm$. ii) The average body weight by anthropometric was male $56.42{\pm}5.65kg$ and female $51.29{\pm}5.34kg$. iii) The average of chest-girth by anthropometric was male $89.95{\pm}5.33cm$ and female $81.36{\pm}4.89cm$. iv) The average of sitting-height by anthropometric was male $91.23{\pm}4.98cm$ and female $86.18{\pm}4.15cm$. v) The average of arm circumference by anthropometric was male $23.76{\pm}2.17cm$ and female $22.39{\pm}1.79cm$. In all cases the male measurements were higher than the female. 2. The mean skin-fold thickness measured with a large skin-fold caliper was; At the sub-scapular: male $11.54{\pm}4.84mm$ and female $14.07{\pm}4.49mm$, Abdominal: male $10.36{\pm}7.09mm$ and female $14.95{\pm}5.47mm$, Lumbar; male $12.55{\pm}6.44mm$ and female $17.02{\pm}6.57mm$, Upper arm: male $6.28{\pm}3.71mm$ and female $11.62{\pm}3.99mm$, Total average: male $10.18{\pm}5.52mm$ and female $14.41{\pm}5.13mm$, in all cases the female measurements were higher than the male. 3. Data on body fat amounts according to body fat weight regression equation were: in male: Fat weight=10.56kg, Fat free weight=45.86kg, Fat weight/Total body mass(%)=18.71%, (Body fat amount %), Fat weight/Fat free weight(%)=23.02%, Fat free weight/Total body mass(%)=81.29%. in female: Fat weight=12.23kg, Fat free weight=39.06kg, Fat weight/Total body mass(%)=23.85%, Fat weight/Fat free weight(%)=31.31%, Fat free weight/Total body mass(%)=76.15%. The females value was higher than the males.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2008

The objective of this research was to study the differences between urban and rural areas high school students in body image and dietary habits. The number of subjects in Seoul and Kyungkido were 902. Based on self-reported height and weight, there was no significant difference between the urban and rural students. However, the rate of obesity was significantly higher in males, whereas the rate of underweight was significantly higher in females, especially for urban females (p < 0.05). Their ideal body image ratio as skinny or slender-type was 91.6% (urban) and 95.7% (rural) for male category while 100% (urban) and 99.4% (rural) for females. Urban females had a strong preference for a skinny body (p < 0.05). Rural students were more highly interested in weight control than urban students were, but they appeared not to care their health. In addition, they had significantly lower levels of weight control knowledge and dietary attitude score (p < 0.001). Subjective assessment of body weight appeared to be more important in terms of body satisfaction, weight control knowledge and dietary attitude than actual measurement of body mass index. Significant test revealed that weight control knowledge was related to dietary attitude (p < 0.01). (p < 0.01).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify body satisfaction and weight loss experience according to individual's discrepancy between obesity by BMI (body mass index) and self-assessment. Method: The data were obtained by measuring height, weight and using a questionnaire to obtain data on self-assessment of obesity, body satisfaction and weight loss experience. The participants were 286 women college students in J city, Chungbuk. Results: The mean BMI of the women college student was $21.4{\pm}2.93kg/m^2$ which is within the normal range. The concordance rates between obesity by BMI and self-assessment were 54.1%, 39.9%, 61.5%, 78.6% (Kappa=.29) in underweight, normal, overweight, obese students respectively. Forty seven percent of students who were not obese (BMI $<23kg/m^2$) assessed themselves as obese. The mean body satisfaction of college students was very low and 64.3% of the students had a weight loss experience. The students who perceived themselves to be 'obese' even when their BMI was under $23kg/m^2$ reported lower body satisfaction and higher weight loss experience than other students. Conclusion: There were significant discrepancies between obesity by BMI and self-assessment in women college students. The self-assessment of obesity had a greater effect on body satisfaction and weight loss experience than actual BMI in women college students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.942-952
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• 1993

This study was to investigate if Body Mass Index(BMI) is adequate as a method of physique classification of Korean female college students. For this study 571 students were selected to examine physique classification by anthropometric index, and the correlation between the various anthropometric index and risk facters(blood pressure, triglyceride, hematocrit). The following results were obtained by this study. 1) Average age of the subjects is 19.6, height 158.2cm and weight 54.4g. 2) All anthropometric indices and body fat percentage are highly correlated (r>0.713), among them BMI shows high and significant positive correlation with weight(r=0.919) and skinfold thickness(r>0.601), but negative correlation with height(r=-0.086). 3) All anthropometric indices and body fat percentage show significant correlation with blood pressure and triglyceride. Among them BMI shows high and significant positive correlation with blood pressure and triglyceride. 4) FAT% III calculated of BMI shows significant with FAT% I and FAT% II by skinfold thickness, and high correlation with blood pressure and triglyceride. Therefore FAT% III is adequate for calculation method of body fat percentage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.353-356
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• 1995

The red cell X-protein, NADH-diaphorase 1, malic enzyme and serum arylesterase phenotypes of 50 Thai Longtail and 53 Cameroon X Thai Longtail ($F_1$) crossbred sheep were determined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. None of the economic traits was influenced by DIA1, ME and EsA phenotypes. However, XP phenotypes showed a highly significant association with body weight, body height, heart girth and back girth, with mean values of XP+ve phenotype greater than XP-ve. The $XP^+$ allele was associated with greater body weight, body height, heart girth and back girth.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

This study examined the age-related patterns in body composition cross-sectionally using Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis(SBIA), specifically its two components, lean body mass(LBM) and body fat mass, in 1,452 men and 1,436 women with an age range of 19 to over 70 years . Mean height of male subjects was 174.1cm at peak in early 20's and was decreased continuously 0.2-0.3 cm every year. Mean weight was greatest between late 20's and 40's, and was decreased quickly in 70's. Body fat mass was increased steadily before 30's and remained thereafter. Because decreasing lean body mass (LBM), percentage of body fat(PBF) increased continuously with aging. Mean height of female subjects was 161.7 cm at peak in 20's and was decreased steadily around 0.2 cm every year and thus an individual's height was decreased approximately 10 cm in their life cycle. Body weight was increased steadily until 50's and then was decreased. Body fat mass was increased continuously and LBM remained constant and thus PBF was increased steadily with aging. SBIA can be used to compare body composition between genders and between ages. In future studies, SBIA could be applied widely to evaluate variations of body composition in subjects with different nutritional problems.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2012

Objectives Body image distortion is found in eating disorder and obesity and there are some evidence that schizophrenia is associated with body image distortion. This study sought to find whether schizophrenic patients report more body image distortion than healthy individuals and whether it is related with symptomatology. Methods A total of 88 inpatients with schizophrenia and 88 healthy controls were recruited. Weight, height, and body image accuracy were assessed in all participants, and assessment of mood, psychotic symptom severity and self-esteem, and personal and social performance scale were conducted. Results The patients with schizophrenia had higher Body Mass Index (p < 0. 001) and underestimated their body size more than controls (26.14% vs. 5.13%, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that lower depressive symptoms and higher scores of general psychopathology predicted underestimation of body size. Conclusion Weight gain and metabolic syndrome are common adverse events of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. Thus, underestimation of body size among patients with schizophrenia may interfere with effort to lose weight or seek weight reduction programs. Clinicians need to consider possible unterestimation of underestimation of body size in patients whose general symptomatology is severe.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the physical characteristics and risk factors for hyperchol-esterolemia (HC) in Korean. 344 adult men who took the annual health check-ups at D or J hospitals were participated in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were grouped by plasma total cholesterol level in to three groups: normal cholesterolemic (n=139) borderline hypercholesterolemic(n=93) and hypercholesterolemic (n=112) groups. The data of height weight and plasma cholesterol level were col-lected from medical records. Body circumferences(midarm, waist, hip, and thight) skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subcostal, abdomen, and suprailic), and body composition (fat mass and fat free mass) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) height/weight ratio (HWR) waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR) waist/ thigh circumference ratio (WTR) central skinfold thickenss (CSF) and peripheral skin-fold thickness were calculated. The subjects with HC had significantly higher weight BMI waist cir-cumference skinfold thickness and body fat mass than those of the normal subjects. The relative and attributable risks on HC were 1.61 and 0.17 for obesity (BMI$\geq$25) 1,30 and 0.11 for upper body obesity (WTR$\geq$1.30) and 1.54 and 0.18 for central body obesity (CSF$\geq$95.7). Plasma total cholesterol level was positively correlated with several antropometric parameters: BMI (p<0.001) weight(p<0.001) waist circumference(p<0.001) and skinfold thickness of abdomen (p<0.001) spraillic (p<0.01) triceps(p<0.01) subcostal (p<0.01) and biceps (p<0.05) In conclusion the major influencing factors to plasma cholesterol level was BMI. Among the each physical parameters the circumference of waist the skinfol-d thickness of abdomen and the percentage of body fat were closely related to plasma cholesterol level. The important risk factor for hypercholesterolemia was obesity specially upper body obesity and central body obesity.