• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1992

도로교의 안전수준에 영향을 미치는 것은 주로 과적중차량이다. 계속 증가하는 과적중차량의 문제는 오래전 부터 매우 심각한 상태인 것으로 지적되어오고 있다. 따라서 여러나라에서 차량하중의 특성에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 일부에서는 이러한 변화를 반영하기 위하여 도로교 설계활하중을 개선하였다. 본 연구에서는 차량하중 및 통행특성의 자료를 수집하여 차량형식, 차량총중량, 축중분배, 차종혼입율, 연행특성 등을 분석하고 합리적인 모형을 제시하였다. 또한 차량하중이 도로교에 미치는 하중효과를 교량형식에 따라 분석하여 현행 도로교 설계관련 규정들이 내포하고 있는 안전수준에 대한 분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Paved road dust emissions were investigated 14 times on 12 main roads in Seo-Cho Gu, Seoul, Korea by vehicle-based mobile sampling system(Road Dust Monitoring System) during September to December 2011. Also, fourteen heavy metals present in the dust samples were analyzed by ICP. ICP analysis showed that one of major source of the road dust would be urban construction. A large amount of silt was found, which might be originated mainly from building construction and open beds of trees. Trace element and pollution indices of heavy metals(Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) on the roads adjacent to the commercial area had higher concentrations than those on the roads adjacent to the construction and residential areas because of traffic density and heavy traffic.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.87-103
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• 1996

The purposes of this research are to investigate the pollution level of heavy metals due to the urbanization and industrialization in the satellite cities of Seoul, and to assess the chemical species and the sources of heavy metals in highly contaminated soils and dusts. Soil and dust samples were collected from the Uijeongbu and the Koyang cities, which are northern and the northwestern satellite cities of Seoul metropolitan city, respectively. Relatively high pH values($6.3{\sim}9.9$) were found in roadside soils compared with agricultural and forest soils. Difference in pH values of soils was not identified between before and after rainy seasons. In spite of no specific pollution sources in the above cities, the contents of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils and dusts were much higher than the world average contents. The metal levels in dusts were higher than those in soils, but the metal concentration in dusts was significantly decreased after rainy season. Pollution index was high(> 1.0) in the areas of heavy traffic, industrial complex, and city centres. There is an appreciable proportion of total Zn in exchangeable/water-acid soluble fraction. Copper is predominantly associated with reducible and oxidizable phases, whereas Pb is largely in reducible association. It is concluded that the mobility and bioavailability of metals are high in the order of Zn >> Cu > Pb, on the basis of characteristic particle morphology and chemical composition, Pb-containing particles are originated probably from the automobile exhaust, particularly in heavy traffic areas. The metallic forms and iron-oxide associated forms of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb can be assessed as industrial origin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5229-5232
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• 2014

Background: While many studies have concluded that local traffic density is positively associated with childhood leukemia, the results are inconsistent. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from January 1979 to December 2013. We selected and assessed journal articles evaluating the relationship between local traffic density and the risk of leukemia in children. The analysis was carried out using STATA version 12.0. Results: A total of 11 articles, including 12 estimates of effect, were included in our meta-analysis. The summary effect size from the random-effects model, expressed as an odds ratio, was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.98-1.09, p=0.002). No significant association between traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia was found. Similar conclusions were found on subgroup analysis. Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis suggested no association between traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia. This implies that living in close proximity to roads with heavy traffic may not increase the risk of childhood leukemia. However, further high-quality prospective trials are needed to support these results.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of TSP, Pb, Zn and Fe in ambient air adjacent to the heavy traffic road side in Seoul from October 1 to October 31, 1997. The results were as follows 1. The concentrations of TSP were 260 $\mu g/m^3$, 184 $\mu g/m^3$, 147 $\mu g/m^3$ in Chongro, Chungkechun and Kangnam-terminal, respectively. The concentration of TSP was correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.77). 2. The concentrations of Pb were 638 ng/m$^3$, 335 ng/m$^3$, 233 ng/m$^3$ in Chungkechun, Kangnam-terminal and Chongro, respectively. The concentration of Pb was correlated with the Truck (over 1.4 ton) volume of the sampling sites (r=0.71). The Pb contents among these sites were significantly different (p < 0.05). 3. The concentrations of Zn were 535 ng/m$^3$, 461 ng/m$^3$, 439 ng/m$^3$ in Chongro, Kangnam-terminal and Chungkechun, respectively. The concentration of Zn was badly correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.23). 4. The concentrations of Fe were 5.32 $\mu g/m^3$, 4.51 $\mu g/m^3$ and 3.18 $\mu g/m^3$ in Chongro, Kangnam-terminal and Chungkechun, respectively. The concentration of Fe was correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.83). The Fe contents among these sites were significantly different (p < 0.05). 5. The concentrations of TSP, Pb, Zn, Fe investigated didn't exceed the Korean Ambient Air Quality Standards, but more researches in relation to these will be required in considering people working in these sites suffered from cough, asthma and chronic headache.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

도로분류체계는 도로의 기능. 설계기준을 정의하기 위한 기초가 된다. 본 연구는 요인분석을 활용한 일반국도 유형분류에 대해 다루고 있다. 이를 위해 2004년도 상시 교통량 조사지점에서 수집된 교통자료를 이용한 요인분석을 수행함으로써 일반국도를 유형별로 분류하였다. 적용된 변수는 총 9개로 AADT(연평균 일교통량), $K_{30}$(설계시간계수) $D_{30}$(중방항계수), 중차량 비율, 주간 교통량 비율, 첨두율, 일요일 계수, 휴가철 계수, 그리고 COV(변동계수)이다. 요인분석 결과, 교통량 변동 특성 요인과 중차량 및 방향별 특성요인이 추출되었다. 군집분석 결과 전체 353개 상시지점이 3개의 그룹으로 분류되었으며 그룹 I은 관광부도로, 그룹 II는 지방부도로, 그룹 III은 도시부도로로 판단된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1996

환경오염의 생물학적 감시수단으로서의 비둘기의 활용가능성을 알아보기 위해, 대기 및 토양의 오염이 다르다고 생각되는 대구시 도심지의 도로변, 대구시의 공원과 경주시에서 비둘기를 포획하여 각 조직내 연농도를 측정하고, 그 장소에서 대기 및 토양내의 연농도를 측정하였다. 대기 중의 연농도는 대구시 도심지역이 $0.11{\mu}g/m^3$, 대구시 공원지역이 $0.05{\mu}g/m^3$, 경주시가 $0.03{\mu}g/m^3$을 대구시 도심지역이 가장 높았으며, 토양의 연농도는 대구시 도심지역이 $4.96{\mu}g/g$ 대구시 공원지역이 $2.65{\mu}g/g$, 경주시가 $0.01{\mu}g/g$로 대구시 도심지역이 역시 가장 높았다. 비둘기 조직내 연농도는 대구시의 도심지 도로주변에 서식하는 비둘기에서 위장을 제외한 간장, 폐장, 신장, 대퇴골, 혈액에서 대구시 공원 비둘기와 경주시의 비둘기보다 유의하게 높은 연농도를 보였으며(p<0.01), 비둘기의 조직내의 연농도는 세 지역 모두 대퇴골에서 가장 높았다. 비둘기의 각 조직 중 연농도와 대기 중 연농도는 대퇴골과 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보였으며, 그 외 위장을 제외한 간장, 신장, 혈액에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 토양 중 연농도도 대기 중 연농도와 마찬가지로 대퇴골에서 상관계수가 가장 높았으며, 간장, 신장에서도 토양과의 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 각 장기별로 대기 중 연농도가 토양의 연농도보다 상관관계가 더 높은 것으로 보아 비둘기 조직내 연 축적은 소화기를 통한 흡수보다 호흡기를 통한 흡수가 더 주된 경로로 추측된다. 비둘기의 조직간의 연농도는 혈액과 신장간의 연농도의 상관계수가 0.4850,대퇴골과 폐장간의 상관계수가 0.4848, 대퇴골과 간장의 상관계수가 0.4842로서 유의 한 상관관계(p<0.001)를 보였으며, 그 외의 조직간에는 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 대도시 중심지에서 서식하는 비둘기에서 위장을 제외한 모든 채집조직에서 대도시 공원이나, 중소도시에 서식하는 비둘기의 조직에서보다 유의하게 높은 연농도를 보였으며 이 세 곳에서 대기와 토양내의 연농도와 각각 비둘기 조직내의 연농도간의 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 오염에 대한 생물학적 지표로 이용 가능한 동물 중 대도시에서 흔히 구할 수 있고 다른 동물에 비해 그 지역의 오염 정도를 잘 반영할 수 있는 생리적, 행동학적 특성을 가지고 있는 점 등을 고려할 때 대기 및 토양 오염에 대한 생물학적 지표로 비둘기의 활용성이 높을 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1972

During the period from June 1st 1971 to November 30 th 1971, studies on air pollution were made in Kwangju city. The city was divided into 6 areas; the downtown area, the semi-downtown area, the heavy traffic area, the commercial area, the residential area, the park area, 13 surveying sites were selected each representing the characteristics of the area. The Measurement methods which were used are described below. Sulfur oxides were measured by $PbO_2$ cylinder method, sulfur dioxides ($SO_2$) and carbon monoxide (CO) by the MSA & Kitakwa detector, dustfall by the Deposit gauge method, and the noise levels by the Kanomax soundlevel meter. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The mean value of sulfur oxides in Kwangju city was $1.16mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$, ranging from $0.45mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$ to $3.10mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$. 2. The mean values of sulfur oxides according to its specific area in the city were $1.45mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$ in heavy traffic area, 1.36 in downtown area, 1.23 in semi-downtown area, 1.11 in commercial area, 0.96 in residential area, and 1.07 in park area, respectively. 3. The average concentration of sulfur dioxide was 0.063 ppm from 2 to 5 P.M in Kwangju city. 4. The average concentrations of sulfur dioxides according to its specific area, from 2 to 5 P.M, in the city were 0.084 ppm in heavy traffic area & downtown area, 0.067 in commercial area, 0.053 in semi-downtown area, 0.052 in residential area, and 0.036 in park area. 5. The average concentration of carbon monoxide was 22.3 ppm from 2 to 5 P.M, in Kwangju city. 6. The average concentrations of carbon monoxide according to its specific area, from 2 to 5 P.M, in the city were 27.0 ppm in downtown area, 26.3 in semi-downtown area, 23.0 in heavy traffic area, 21.7 in commercial area, 20.0 in residential arera, and 17.6 in park area. 7. The mean value of dusifall in Kwangju city was $29.28ton/km^2/month$, ranging from $9.85ton/km^2/month$ to $66.34ton/km^2/month$. 8. The mean values of dustfall according to its specific area in the city were $50.37ton/km^2/month$ in semi-downtown area, 42.76 in heavy traffic area, 34.67 in downtown area, 17.77 in commercial area, 14.40 in park area, and 14.76 in residential area. 9. The mean values of the soluble dust in Kwangju city was $10.23ton/Km^2/month$ and that of the insoluble dust was $19.05ton/Km^2/month$. 10. The mean value of noise level in Kwangju city was 62 phon, ranging from 37 phon to 88 phon. 11. The mean values of noise level according to its specific area in the city were 76 phon in heavy traffic area, 67 in semi-downtown area, 64 in downtown area, 59 in commercial area, 52 in part area, and 50 in residential area.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a transformation scheme used to analyze online gaming traffic properties and develop a traffic model. We analyze the packet size and the inter departure time distributions of a popular first-person shooter game (Left 4 Dead) and a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (World of Warcraft) in order to compare them to the existing scheme. Recent online gaming traffic is erratically distributed, so it is very difficult to analyze. Therefore, our research focuses on a transformation scheme to obtain new smooth patterns from a messy dataset. It extracts relatively heavy-weighted density data and then transforms them into a corresponding dataset domain to obtain a simplified graph. We compare the analytical model histogram, the chi-square statistic, and the quantile-quantile plot of the proposed scheme to an existing scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme demonstrates a good fit in all parts. The chi-square statistic of our scheme for the Left 4 Dead packet size distribution is less than one ninth of the existing one when dealing with erratic traffic.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 일반국도를 대상으로 첨단교통정보서비스(ATIS: Advanced Traffic Information Services)를 제공하는 일환으로 노변방송시스템 구축방안을 제시하는데 있다. 노변방송은 소통 정보 제공을 통한 통행의 분산유도 뿐 만 아니라 전방의 홍수, 폭설, 낙석, 도로유실, 붕괴 등과 같은 자연재해 및 긴급상황 발생시 관련 정보를 시의 적절하게 제공함으로써 운전자의 안전한 도로운행을 지원하게 된다. 따라서 노변방송은 대부분의 국민들에게 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 대국민 교통정보서비스 구축으로 안전지향형 도로관리체계에 일조할 것이다.