• Advances in nano research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2020

Conventional fabrics that have modified in to conductive fabrics using conductive nanomaterials have novel applications in different fields. These of fabrics can be used as heat generators with the help of the Joule heating mechanism, which is applicable in thermal therapy and to maintain the warmth in cold weather conditions in a wearable manner. A modified fabric can also be used as a sensor for body temperature measurements using the variation of resistance with respect to the body temperature deviations. In this study, polyol synthesized silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are incorporated to commercially available cotton fabrics by using drop casting method to modify the fabric as a thermogenic temperature sensor. The variation of sheet resistance of the fabrics with respect to the incorporated mass of Ag NWs was measured by four probe technique while the bulk resistance variation with respect to the temperature was measured using a standard ohm meter. Heat generation profiles of the fabrics were investigated using thermo graphic camera. Electrically conductive fabrics, fabricated by incorporating 30 mg of Ag NWs in 25 ㎠ area of cotton fabric can be heated up to a maximum steady state temperature of 45℃, using a commercially available 9 V battery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

Background The erbium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er:YSGG) laser differs from other laser techniques by having a faster and higher cure rate. Since the Er:YSGG laser causes an appropriate proportion of ablation and coagulation, it has advantages over the conventional carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser and the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, including heating tendencies and explosive vaporization. This research was conducted to explore the effects and safety of the Er:YSGG laser. Methods Twenty patients participated in the pilot study of a resurfacing system using a 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser. All patients received facial treatment by the 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser system (Cutera) twice with a 4-week interval. Wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture were measured. Results Study subjects included 15 women and five men. Re-epithelization occurred in all subjects 3 to 4 days after treatment, and wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture within 6 months of treatment. Conclusions The 2,790-nm YSGG laser technique had fewer complications and was effective in the improvement of scars, pores, wrinkles, and skin tone and color with one or two treatments. We expect this method to be effective for people with acne scars, pore scars, deep wrinkles, and uneven skin texture and color.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1986

[ $^{99m}Technetium-Heat$ ] damaged erythrocyte were used as spleen scanning agents in 12 patients from July, 1985 to April, 1986. We used this scan to evaluate situs inversus, asplenia, accessory spleen, hypersplenism, splenic infarction, tumor staging and evaluation of therapy, especially when the $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid scans were not definite for diagnosis. The techniques applied to these scans were in vivo/in vitro-labeling method and heating-method to damage the erythrocytes. Liver-to-spleen uptake ratios were increased upto 100 : 1 and interference from the left lobe of the liver was eliminated. These scans were helpful to evaluate the spleen.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the postoperative heating process according to lameness degree, swelling, and muscle atrophy after femoral head and neck ostectomy on Retriever dogs with hip dysplasia and hindleg lameness. Femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) was performed for the repair of hip dysplasia in 4 Retriever dogs (5 hips) referred in veterinary medical teaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk University. Age (Mean $\pm$ SD) of patients was 10.3 $\pm$ 3.0 months (range,7 to 16 months) and body weight (Mean $\pm$ SD) was 28.2 $\pm$ 3.4 kg (range, 25 to 34 kg). After FHO, all cases are treated with carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, PO bid, tapering at interval 1-2 weeks) and physical therapy including passive range-of-motion exercises. In all cases, lameness degree was showed V at the next day after surgery, IV at 5 to 7 days, II-III at 30 to 35 days, II at 60 days, and I at 105 to 114 days. These results suggested that femoral head and neck ostectomy was able to be performed on large breed dogs with hip dysplasia and hindleg lameness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2010

Backgrounds : Recently, commercial indirect moxibustion has been widely used as a substitute for traditional indirect moxibustion by clinicians due to its convenience in using. But, there has been lack of studies about the similarity of thermal stimulation between commercial indirect moxibustion and traditional indirect moxibustion. Objectives : To demonstrate commercial indirect moxibustion can substitute for traditional indirect moxibustion by comparing thermal stimulation between the two. Methods : We measured bottom temperature of commercial indirect moxibustion and traditional indirect moxibustion with various thicknesses of ginger and garlic. A clinical trial was performed on 18 healthy subjects to evaluate thermal stimualtion. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, traditional indirect moxibustion with ginger and garlic. The skin temperature and heating time were measured. They received moxibustion therapy with commercial indirect moxibustion and traditional indirect moxibustion according to their groups. Acupoint Chogcoe($LU_6$), Zusanli($ST_{36}$) and Tianshu($ST_{25}$) were used in each group for 3 times. Results : There was no difference in bottom temperature among commercial indirect moxibustion, traditional indirect moxibustion with 2mm ginger and 3mm garlic. No major difference was detected in the subjects' baseline data. There was no difference in skin temperature and heating time among these 3 type of moxibustions. Also, No major difference was detected in VAS score of thermal stimulation and frequency of burns among these 3 type of moxibustions. But, most subjects regarded their sensation weren't identical because of its own distinct characteristics. Conclusions : Commercial indirect moxibustion, traditional indirect moxibustion with 2mm ginger and 3mm garlic have same thermal stimulation. Thus, commercial indirect moxibustion can substitute for traditional indirect moxibustion.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.3
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• pp.399-443
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• 1989

In this thesis, I intend to study the translational and clinical interpretation through the syndrom of "Pyong-Yeol-Byong", and reached the following conclusions. 1. Eum-Yang-Kyo (陰陽交)' 1) Meaning: "Eum" means "Essential and vital energy" "Yang" means "Evil factor affecting health" and "Kyo" means "cross-struggle." 2) Location of disease: Heat evil enter Hyeol-Bun (血分) 3) Pathogenesis: Heat evil invade Eum-Bun (陰分) and struggles with Health energy, therefore Eum-Chung (陰精) is exhausted and Heat-evil doesn't disapper, it damage Eum and exhaust fluid. Reach fever, rapid pulse raving and unable to take meal, not controled by sweating and sceach death. 4) Particularity of Syndrome: Heat enter Hyol-Bun, and Evil factor is enough and Health energy is insufficient, so that reveal the symptoms of high fever, delirium with coma, unable to take meals. 5) Therapy: It clears Gi-Bun heat evil (氣分熱邪) by Gypsum, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Scutellanae Rhizoma Coptidis, and cools Blood by Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Moutan Radicis, Dae-Chung-Yob (大靑葉) Radix Arnebiae Seu Lithospermi. 2. Poong Gweol (風厥) 1) Meaning: Poong means wind-evil, Gweol means reversing up. 2) Location of disease: Disease complexes with TaeYang (太陽) in outer part, and with So-Eum (少陰) in inner part. 3) Pathogenesis: Tae-Yang-Gyeong (太陽經) accept wind-evil and So-Eum-Gyeong (少陽經) Kidney Energy reverse up so that fidgetiness not resolves by sweating. 4) Particularity of Syndrome: There are outer symptoms of fever, hydrosis with inner symptoms of fidgetinessis. 5) Therapy: Reduce Jok-Tae-Yang (足太陽) and Supply Jok-So-Eum (足少陰) by accupuncture, so cure Poong Gweol and make balance between Yeong (營) and Wi (衛). 3. Scrofula coused by wind-evil (勞風) 1) Meaning: It means accepting wind evil rest less. 2) Location of Disease: It locates lung 3) Pathogenesis: Because of accepting wind-evil restless, he take scrofula with damaging lung. 4) Particularity of disease: It is lung disease of aversion to wind and shiver, nape-stiffiness, dim eyesight, cough, disphea, vomitting sputum, if one camnot vomit sputum, he died by damage of lung. 5) Therapy: The period of therapy is different by age or strength of health energy, so I think must prevent Eum deficiency and clear fever no reduced in lung. 4. Shin-Poong (腎風) 1) Meaning: It means taking edema by accepting wind-evil, because the kidney controls water. 2) Location of Disease: It is that wind-evil envade kidney. 3) Pathogenesis : Water evil of kidney with wind-heat rises up to face, reach edema, puffines s of the lower eyelid, floating pulse, bombus, yellowish urine, hydrosis and hand-heating, drymouth and excessive thirsty, walkless by heaviness, menstrual disfunction, restless and unable to take meals, unable to lie flat, heavy cough if lie flat, and accepting wind-evil by deficiency of kidney function, so the function of dredging the water passage is not smooth, symptom of water and symptom of wind reveal together. 4) Therapy: Remove wind-heat, promote diuresis to eliminate tile wetness-evil, supplement the dificiency of kidney's Eum. Finally, we can know that later Fever Disease Medicime (溫病學) is affected to the theory of "Pyong Yeol Byong" in 33th Chapter of SoMoon (素問).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.353-359
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• 2017

The sonophoresis, a representative low-intensity ultrasonic therapy, is a technique for delivering the drugs into the epidermis, dermis and skin appendages by using physical vibration and heat effects of the ultrasonic waves. Sonophoresis could increases the delivering and absorption efficiency of the drugs usually consisting of hydrophilic molecules and macromolecules. In addition, it has the advantage of being effective in delivering drugs with relatively large molecular sizes such as insulin or lipid. In this study, we proposed a multi-structure ultrasonic transducer assembly with a large-size single piezoelectric element and a drug delivery function at the treatment site for efficient sonophoresis treatment. Futhermore, a transducer assembly structure capable of raising and maintaining the temperature of the treatment site was proposed and evaluated for effectiveness. The transducer assembly proposed in this study is expected to improve the efficiency of sonophoresis by providing a constant amount of drug, and assisting drug delivery through heating the treatment site.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.961-974
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• 1997

The ZZimzilbang is a room where many women eagerly go due to the special meaning women give to it related to their health. It is a different type of sauna room which maintains low degree of temperature, consisting of an Ondol room(Korean under-floor heating system, hypocaust) built with mineral stone radiating ultrared rays. Even though many women mention that they utilize it for health, there is no precise evidence of the effects on their health. This ethnographic study sought to define the phenomenon from the perspective of the women who experienced the ZZimzilbang. A convenience sample of 27 women was interviewed during a 15 month period from December 1995 to July 1997 in 12 ZZimzilbangs located in Seoul, Korea. The mean ages of the women 57.3 years ; seventeen women were housekeeper and only eight women had job : twenty women were married and three women among them were widows. The main reasons women patronize the place are : for mitigation and healing of physical signs and symptoms : composure ; safe lodging and boarding : control of outward appearance : control of health ; meeting and fellowship with friends : and custom. The outcomes of the utilization of the place were : mitigation of physical signs and symptoms : psychological tranquility : cosmetic and diet ; good use of spare time : and utilization of services provided there. Most women who visited ZZimzilbang for relief of physical signs and symptoms strongly mentioned a correlation to inadequate Sanhujori, the traditional postpartal and postabortal care for woman. Some of specific kinds of services provided in that place were alternative therapy such as acupuncture, negative cupping, finger-pressure, mugwort steam and various kinds of massage including massage of blood vessels that are influenced by Oriental medicine ; health education of breathing such as abdominal breathing or Danjeon(단전호흡) : and selling of many things including health foods, drugs for osteoporosis, and eutrophics. This study suggests that professional caregivers should further study this phenomenon for the development of adequate care of women with a resulting important in their quality of life.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.418-427
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• 2009

As many people are westernizing their life style and food consumption habits, a number of patients who have malignant tumors which grow very rapidly and hazardously destroy the human body are increasing. Ultrasonic hyperthermia is not only one of the tumor treatment methods which employs the non-radioactive ultrasonic waves to increase the temperature at the tumor region up to $40\sim45^{\circ}C$ to destroy and suppress tumor cells but also has been proved by many studies. Due to the rapid development of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound(HIFU), the ultrasound hyperthemia extensively boosts its applications in clinical field. For those reasons, Computed simulation factor should be needed before inspection to patients. To prove efficiency of ultrasonic hyperthermia, precise acoustic field measurement considering tissue characteristics and a heating experiment with tissue mimicking material phantom were conducted for effectiveness of simulation program. Finally, in this study, the computer simulation program verified the anticipated temperature effects induced by ultrasound hyperthermia. In the near future, it is hoped that this simulation program could be utilized to improve the efficiency of ultrasound hyperthermia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1972

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serious health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called 'ondal'. We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occured by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following findings were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients from the middle class experienced the intoxication by sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occured in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is a very important parameter in this hazards.