• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.64-73
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• 1998

This paper is concerned with defects detection and evaluation of heat affected zone (HAZ) in austenitic stainless steel type 304 by ultrasonic wave and neural network. In experiment, the reflected ultrasonic defect signals from artificial defects (side hole, vertical hole, notch) of HAZ appears as beam distance of prove-defect, distance of probe-surface, depth of defect-surface on CRT. For defect classification simulation, neural network system was organized using total results of ultrasonic experiment. The organized neural network system was learned with the accuracy of 99%. Also it could be classified with the accuracy of 80% in side hole, and 100% in vertical hole, 90% in notch about ultrasonic pattern recognition. Simulation results of neural network agree fairly well with results of ultrasonic experiment. Thus were think that the constructed system (ultrasonic wave - neural network) in this work is useful for defects dection and classification such as holes and notches in HAZ of austenitic stainless steel 304.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2006

Active thermography has been used for several years in the field of remote non-destructive testing. It provides thermal images for remote detection and imaging of damages. Also, it is based on propagation and reflection of thermal waves which are launched from the surface into the inspected component by absorption of modulated radiation. For energy deposition, it use external heat sources (e.g., halogen lamp or convective heating) or internal heat generation (e.g., microwaves, eddy current, or elastic wave). Among the external heat sources, the ultrasound is generally used for energy deposition because of defect selective heating up. The heat source generating a thermal wave is provided by the defect itself due to the attenuation of amplitude modulated ultrasound. A defect causes locally enhanced losses and consequently selective heating up. Therefore amplitude modulation of the injected ultrasonic wave turns a defect into a thermal wave transmitter whose signal is detected at the surface by thermal infrared camera. This way ultrasound thermography(UT) allows for selective defect detection which enhances the probability of defect detection in the presence of complicated intact structures. In this paper the applicability of UT for fast defect detection is described. Examples are presented showing the detection of defects in PCB material. Measurements are performed on various kinds of typical defects in PCB materials (both Cu metal and non-metal epoxy). The obtained thermal image reveals area of defect in row of thick epoxy material and PCB.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.535-540
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• 2003

Based on the monthly weather report of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and daily sea surface temperature (SST) data from National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDl) (1991-2001), mean heat fluxes were estimated at the Gunsan harbor Net heat flux was transported from the air to the sea surface during March to early September, and it amounts to $125\;Wm^{-2}$ in average daily during May to June. During the middle of September to February, the transfer of net heat flux was conversed from the sea surface to the air with $-125\;Wm^{-2}$ in mininum value in October. Short wave radiation was ranged from 50 to $248\;Wm^{-2}$ showing maxima in April to June. Long wave radiation was ranged from 25 to $92\;Wm^{-2}$ with mininum value in June to July. Sensible heat flux denoting negative values in April to August was ranged from -30 to $72\;Wm^{-2}.$ Latent heat flux was ranged from 15 to $82\;Wm^{-2}$ with maxima in August to September. The phase of heat exchange was changed from cooling to heating in the end of February, and from heating to cooling In the beginning of September. The advective term of heat flux showed minima in April to June and maxima in November. The ratio of temperature variations was 1.37 in the sea surface process and the horizontal process by advection. This indicates that the main factor in variation of temperature at Gunsan harbor is the heat exchange process through the sea surface from the air.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.525-535
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 공공부문에서 활용되는 기상청의 여름철 폭염특보 정보의 가치를 평가하는 것이다. 폭염특보는 각 지방자치단체에서 매년 발생하는 고온 피해를 저감하기 위한 대비계획의 행동 수준을 결정하는 주요 투입변수로 활용되고 있다. 비 시장재인 폭염특보 정보의 가치를 평가하기 위해 비용-손실을 고려한 의사결정모델을 수립하였다. 의사결정모델 변수인 비용과 손실은 각각 서울과 부산에서 2016년 사용한 폭염 대책 예산과 건강보험심사평가원이 제공하는 65세 이상 고령자의 건강보험 청구금액으로 설정하였다. 분석 결과 2016년 기상청 폭염특보는 서울과 부산에 각각 41.3억 원과 10.9억 원의 가치를 제공한 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 기상청이 폭염특보의 False Alarm (FA) 오류를 1회 줄이면 서울과 부산에서 각각 76.6백만 원, 16.8백만 원의 가치가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과는 공공부문에서 활용되는 폭염특보의 가치를 정량적으로 추정한데 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2013

평판형 태양열 집열기의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 다양한 형태의 형상과 크기의 인공 거칠기가 가장 일반적이고 효과적으로 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 형상의 립을 삽입한 사각 채널에서의 열전달 특성 및 압력강하에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 사각 채널의 윗 평판에 일정한 열유속을 가하였다. 삽입된 립의 형상은 rib $90^{\circ}$, groove $90^{\circ}$, groove $60^{\circ}$, baffle $90^{\circ}$, baffle $60^{\circ}$, wave $90^{\circ}$, wave $60^{\circ}$ 모델이다. 작동유체는 공기이며 Reynolds 수는 3200~17800의 범위이다. 다양한 형태의 립 형상에 따른 시스템의 성능을 예측하기 위하여 Nusselt 수와 마찰인자를 고찰하였다. 모든 형태의 립에서 속도가 증가할수록 Nusselt 수와 압력강하는 증가하였다. 열전달 향상과 압력강하가 가장 높은 모델은 baffle $90^{\circ}$ 모델이지만, 열전달 특성과 압력강하를 고려하여 나타낸 성능계수에서는 groove $60^{\circ}$ 모델이 가장 크게 나왔다. 따라서 평판형 태양열 집열기에서는 열전달 향상과 압력강하를 항상 동시에 고려한 설계가 필요하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2415-2423
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• 2015

본 논문은 12.7mm 원관을 변형하여 만든 세장비 0.6(짧은 직경 10.0mm, 긴 직경 16.5mm)의 타원관이 적용된 사인 웨이브 핀-관 열교환기의 습표면 공기측 성능실험에 관한 것이다. 핀 핏치와 열 수를 변화시켜 총 12개의 시료에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 타원관에서 핀 핏치 변화에 따른 j, f 인자의 영향은 미미 하였으나, 열수에 따라서는 1row에서 j인자가 가장 낮았다 (가장 높은 2row의 81%). 하지만 원관에서는 1row에서 가장 높게 나타나는 차이점을 보였다. 이는 타원관에 적용된 사인 웨이브 채널의 유동 특성에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 원관 열교환기와 $j/f^{1/3}$값을 비교한 결과 1열을 제외하고는 타원관 열교환기의 전열성능이 우수함을 알 수 있다. 즉, 타원관 열교환기의 $j/f^{1/3}$값이 원관의 값보다 2열에서 1.6~2.5 배, 3열에서 1.4~2.4 배, 4열에서 1.2~1.8배 크게 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.597-611
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• 2007

Many works have been done in classical theory of thermoelasticity in materials with memory by researchers like Nunziato, Chen and Gurtine and many others. No work is located in generalized thermoelasticity regarding materials with memory till date. The present paper deals with the wave propagation in materials with memory in generalized thermoelasticity. Plane progressive waves and Rayleigh waves have been discussed in details. In the classical theory of heat conduction it was observed that heat propagates with infinite speed. This paradox has been removed in the present discussion. The set of governing equations has been developed in the present analysis. The results of wave velocity and attenuation coefficient corresponding to low and high frequency have been obtained. For thermal wave the results show appreciable differences with those in the usual thermoelasticity theory.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

When the stagnation temperature increases, the specific heat does not remain constant and start to vary with this temperature. The gas is perfect, it's state equation remains always valid, except, it was called by gas calorically imperfect or gas at high temperatures. The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model for a normal shock wave normal at high temperature when the stagnation temperature is taken into account, less than the dissociation of the molecules as a generalisation model of perfect for constant heat specific. A study on the error given by the perfect gas model compared to our model is presented in order to find a limit of application of the perfect gas model. The application is for air.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

Because the pure titanium has superior corrosion resistance and formability compared with different material, it is widely used as material of welded heat exchanger. When the welding of heat exchanger is carried out, certain area in which welding start and end are overlapped occurs. The humping of back bead is formed in the overlap area due to partial penetration. Thus in this study, the experiments were carried out by changing the length and wave shape of overlap area, and then the weldabiliay was evaluated through the observation of microstructure, the measurement of hardness and tensile-shear strength test in the overlap area. When overlap length was 9.8mm, humping bead was suppressed. The microstructure of overlap area coarsened and its hardness increased due to remelting. As a result of tensile-shear strength test in the overlap area according to applying the wave shape control, it was confirmed that the overlap area applied wave shape control had more excellent yield strength and ductility.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2023

Risk assessment on Jeju Special Self-Governing Province(JSSGP)'s water supply facilities and establishment of adaptation measures for climate crisis factors were implemented. JSSGP's vulnerability to the climate crisis was high in the order of drought, heat wave, heavy rain and strong wind. As a drought adaptation measure, policies of water saving and revenue water ratio improvement were considered. As for the heat wave adaptation measure, the introduction of an advanced water treatment process was suggested in response to the increase of algae cell number which resulting in taste and odor problem. As for heavy rain adaptation measures, the installation and operation of automatic coagulant injection devices for water purification plants that take turbid surface water were proposed. As a measure to adapt to strong winds, stabilization of power supply such as installation of dual power line was proposed in preparation for power outages. It is expected that water facilities will be able to supply high-quality tap water to customers even under extreme climate conditions without interruption through risk assessment for climate crisis factors and active implementation of adaptation measures.