• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.640-651
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• 2000

For the heat and fluid flow analyses of a parallel flow heat exchanger, an improved model considering the effect of flat tube with micro-channels is proposed. The effect of flow distribution on the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is numerically investigated. The flow distribution is examined by varying geometrical parameters, i.e., the position of the separators and the inlet/outlet, and the aspect ratio of micro-channels of the heat exchanger. The flow nonuniformities along the paths of the heat exchanger are proposed and observed to evaluate the thermal performance of the heat exchanger. The optimization using ALM method has been accomplished by minimizing the flow nonuniformity. It is found that the heat transfer rate of the optimized model is increased by 6.0% of that of the reference heat exchanger model, and the pressure drop by 0.4%

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.2586-2594
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• 1995

Two phase flow phenomena are observed in many industrial facilities and make much importance of optimum design for nuclear power plant and various heat exchangers. This experimental study has been investigated the classification of the flow pattern, the local void distribution and convective heat transfer in swirl and non-swirl two phase flow under the isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The convective heat transfer coefficients in the single phase water flow were measured and compared with the calculated results from the Sieder-Tate correlation. These coefficients were used for comparisons with the two-phase heat transfer coefficients in the flow orientations. The experimental results indicate, that the void probe signal and probability density function of void distribution can used into classify the flow patterns, no significant difference in voidage distribution was observed between isothermal and non-isothermal condition in non-swirl flow, the values of two phase heat transfer coefficients increase when superficial air velocities increase, and the enhancement of the values is observed to be most pronounced at the highest superficial water velocity in non-swirl flow. Also two phase heat transfer coefficients in swirl flow are increased when the twist ratios are decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1210-1216
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish the analysis method for prediction of temperature during cryogenic heat treatment. Experimental cryogenic heat treatment is conducted to observe the phenomena such as boiling of fluid, ice layer on the material surface and to measure the temperature distribution of Al6061 tube. The CFD analysis considering the observed phenomena in the experiment is performed to predict the temperature distribution and convection heat transfer coefficient at each stage of cryogenic heat treatment, in which the boiling of fluid is considered as the multi-phase condition of vapour and liquid. The formation of ice layer on the tube surface is also modeled between material and fluid. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. From the results, it is shown that the analysis method can predict the temperature distribution and convection heat transfer coefficient during cryogenic heat treatment.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1980

This paper presents the variations obtained in heat flow rate and engine performance of a four-stroke cycle Diesel engine when there were changes in the temperature of cooling water, compression ratio, injection timing of fuel, and other factors. Heat dissipation of engine cylinder was calculated by the heat transfer coefficient of Nusselt's empirical equation and the analysis of distribution of temperature in cylinder barrel was obtained by the finite element method of two-dimensional steady state heat conduction. In this experiment, the out side temperature of cylinder liner was measured by the data logger, and the temperature distribution of liner was computed by the analysis of triangular finite element model under the assumption due to surface heat flux of cylinder inner surface. The results obtained by this study are as follows. Under the given operating condition, the temperature distribution of cylinder liner by using finite element method shows that the mean temperature of barrel is in accordance with the experimental results of Eichelberg and temperature difference is lower than 4.23.deg. C. The heat dissipation of engine decrease in accordance with the decrease of piston mean velocity, compression ratio, and the increase of coolant temperature. Influence on the delay of injection timing of fuel brings about the decrease of heat rejection over the cylinder at constant test conditions.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2012

The hydration of cement contributes to the performance characteristics of concrete, such as strength and durability. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of cement and its early properties, the particle size distribution (PSD) of cement varies considerably, and the effects of the particle size distribution of cement on the hydration process should be considered. In order to evaluate effects of PSD separately, experiments testing the isothermal heat generated during the hydration of cements with different particle size distributions but the same chemical composition have been carried out. The measurable hydration depth for cement hydration was proposed and deduced based on the experimental results, and a PSD hydration model was developed in this paper for simulating the effects of particle size distribution on the hydration process of cement. First, a reference hydration rate was derived from the isothermal heat generated by the hydration of ordinary Portland cement. Then, the model was extended to take into account the effect of water-to-cement ratio, hereinafter which was referred to as PSD hydration model. Finally, the PSD hydration model was applied to simulate experiments measuring the isothermal heat generated by the hydration of cement with different particle size distributions at different water-to-cement ratios. This showed that the PSD hydration model had simulated the effects of particle size distribution and water-to-cement ratio on the hydration process of cement with satisfactory accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to improve the performance of a hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) by optimizing the flow distribution ratio of secondary fluid flow rate between a ground loop and a supplemental loop. Initially, a conventional ground source heat pump (GSHP) was tested to determine an optimum flow rate of the secondary fluid. Based on the selected optimum value, the HGSHP was also tested by varying the flow distribution ratio of the secondary fluid flow rate between the ground loop and the supplemental loop, such as 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7. The results showed that the optimum flow distribution ratio of the secondary fluid flow rate was 7:3. The COP of the HGSHP was improved by 19% over the GSHP at a flow distribution ratio of 7:3 and an entering water temperature of $40^{\circ}C$.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.10-15
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• 1984

The aims of this study are to obtain a suitable method and a proper mesh for investigation of the temperature distribution and heat transfer. The relative errors of temperature distribution and heat transfer for each mesh are acquired in accordance with linear finite element (FEM 3), square finite element (FEM 6), cubic finite element (FEM 10), and finite difference method (FDM). It has been found that FEM 10 is the most accurate measure to obtain the temperature distribution and heat transfer. However, no significant results have been obtained successfully, because when higher order finite element methods are used the more computational efforts are necessary due to the distribution of elements. The results of this study are as follows ; 1 . In case of a=b=L, meshes for less than $1\%$ relative errors (temperature distribution) acquired in various methods to exact solution are $2\times2,\;4\times4,\;8\times8\;and\;8\tiems8$ for each FEM 10, FEM 6, FEM 3 and FDM and a=L, b=1/2L are $10\times5$ for each FEM 3 and FDM. And the tendency of results acquired of heat transfer is similar to those above. 2 . In computational efforts (a=b=L), FEM 6 has taken 21 times. and FEM 10 154times FEM 3 and FDM and FEM 3 is the sane as FDM.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.752-757
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• 2001

The characteristics of heat energy distribution on the fire-proof clay with microwave heating drying are numerically investigated using finite element method. The modelled regular hexahedron chamber$(50cm\times50cm\times50cm)$ filled with air consists of vertical heat source and sink walls, a fire-proof clay model, and adiabatic plates on the top and bottom walls. With different geometrical aspect ratios of the fire-proof clay model, the heat energy distribution is throughly investigated. The model gave a good prediction of the microwave heating characteristics of fire-proof clay. The optimal shape of the fire-proof clay for given chamber geometry and microwave power is analyzed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2013

This paper measures the hot spot temperatures in a single-phase, 154 kV, 15/20 MVA power transformer filled with natural ester fluid using optical fiber sensors and compares them with those calculated by conventional heat run tests. A total of 14 optical fiber sensors were installed on the high-voltage and low-voltage windings to measure the hot spot temperatures. In addition, three thermocouples were installed in the transformer to measure the temperature distribution during the heat run tests. In the low-voltage winding, the hot spot temperature was $108.4^{\circ}C$, calculated by the conventional heat run test. However, the hot spot temperature measured using the optical fiber sensor was $129.4^{\circ}C$ between turns 2 and 3 on the upper side of the low-voltage winding. Therefore, the hot spot temperature of the low-voltage winding measured using the optical fiber sensor was $21.0^{\circ}C$ higher than that calculated by the conventional heat run test.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.135-137
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• 2005

The body of the work covers FSW welding of Al6061 and its thermal distribution based on an analytical model for the heat input at the probe/matrix boundary of Al plates and FSW tool due to the effect of combined translation and rotational motion of the tool pin and shoulder. Finally the 2D- finite element heat transfer analysis program has been used to plot the heat distribution at the Friction Stir Welded joint in Al 6061 plate. The work concludes that the heat distribution result obtained from FE analysis has a reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values.