• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2023

In 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic began in full-scale, the WHO Director-General warned of the dangers of an infodemic. The infodemic is a phenomenon in which false information spreads rapidly like an epidemic and causes chaos, and it was noted that the COVID-19 pandemic is not just limited to health problems, but also linked to a variety of issues such as human rights, economic inequality, various discrimination, hate speech, fake news, global governance etc. In the field of education, it is necessary to think about how to connect this global situation with school classes. Accordingly, this study suggested the direction for global citizenship education by analyzing how the infodemic spreads on Korean social media with the case of the recent global COVID-19 pandemic. According to the research results, the rate of negative emotions was higher than positive ones in the emotions that generate infodemic, while anxiety and anger were focused among negative emotions. In addition, the infodemic tended to spread widely with the feelings of anger rather than anxiety, and the feelings of anger led to advocating aggressive policies against certain country and regions. Therefore, global citizenship education is required to focus on a sense of duty and responsibility as a citizen, not on the level of national identity based on an exclusive sense of belonging. Furthermore, global citizenship education needs to lead to presenting a blueprint for education in a way that can enhance the awareness of the global community for joint response to global challenges and realize common prosperity based on sustainability and justice.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2012

This study conducted a comparative analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Fosu and Benya lagoons in Ghana, based on the anthropogenic effect on the two lagoons. Salinity, oxygen, temperature, conductivity, turbidity and pH were measured, invertebrate richness and species densities were determined. The AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and multivariate statistics were used to determine the different responses of fauna to pollution. The fauna were categorized into five ecological groups based on the degree of tolerance of the different species to pollution: disturbance-sensitive species; disturbance-indifferent species, disturbance-tolerant species, second-order opportunistic species; and first-order opportunistic species. The Fosu Lagoon supported more pollution tolerant species, whereas the Benya Lagoon had more species that were sensitive to organic enrichment under relatively unpolluted conditions. Chironomus sp., which is adapted to virtually anoxic conditions, was the most abundant in the Fosu Lagoon whereas Nemertea sp. was the most abundant in the Benya Lagoon. The numerical and relative abundance (%) of all 7 taxa in the Fosu Lagoon was 1,359 and 92.35%, respectively. The numerical and relative abundance (%) of all 34 taxa in the Benya Lagoon was 2,459 and 87.52%, respectively. Expectedly, the level of dissolved oxygen in the less saline Fosu Lagoon was higher than that in the more saline Benya Lagoon. The reduced photoperiod and photosynthetic activities of aquatic plants might account for this trend. There is a need to implement comprehensive monitoring and management initiatives for sustaining the ecological health of coastal lagoons in Ghana in order to support the many people that depend upon these ecosystems for their livelihood.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7625-7628
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• 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The primary aim of this work was to provide an in-depth evaluation of research publications in the field of diets and breast cancer. The impact of economic outcome on national academic productivity was also investigated. Data were retrieved using Pubmed for English-language publications. The search included all research for which articles included words relating to "diets and breast cancer". Population and national income data were obtained from publicly available databases. Impact factors for journals were obtained from Journal Citation Reports$^{(R)}$ (Thomson Scientific). There were 2,396 publications from 60 countries in 384 journals with an impact factor. Among them, 1,652 (68.94%) publications were Original articles. The United States had the highest quantity (51% of total) and highest of mean impact factor (8.852) for publication. Sweden had the highest productivity of publication when adjusted for number of population (6 publications per million population). Publications from the Asian nation increased from 5.3% in 2006 to 14.6% in 2012. The Original article type was also associated with geography (p<0.001; OR=2.183; 95%CI=1.526-3.123), Asian countries produced more proportion of Original articles (82%) than those of rest of the world (67.6%). Diets and breast cancer-associated research output continues to increase annually worldwide including publications from Asian countries. Although the United States produced the most publications, European nations per capita were higher in publication output.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2012

시민들은 도시생활에서 얻는 편리한 생활 및 소득의 증가와 더불어 도시의 환경과 건강, 생명에 대해 관심을 가지게 되었고, 그들의 삶과 밀접히 연관된 안전한 도시공간에 대한 인식이 높아졌다. 도시의 환경이 곧 삶의 질과 연결된다는 것을 인식하면서 도시의 건조 환경에 대한 반성과 더불어 청결하고 건강한 도시를 개발하기 위한 계획에 주안점을 두기 시작하였다. 1986년 유럽을 중심으로 확산되기 시작하였던 건강도시에 관한 관심이 세계보건기구의 실천적인 노력과 함께 각 지역사회 차원에서 물리적 사회적 환경을 개선하고자 하는 운동으로 추진되고 있다. 시민의 건강과 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 전략으로 전개되고 있는 건강도시 정책은 각 지자체를 중심으로 추진되고 있으며, 전 세계적 네트워크를 구성하여 건강도시 사업에 관한 정보를 교류하고 있다. 건강도시 사업의 추진을 위해 도시계획적 관점에서 건강악화 요인을 규제하고 건강증진 요인을 장려할 수 있는 구체적인 전략이 우선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 건강도시 프로젝트를 체계적으로 수행하여 건강하고 친환경적인 도시로 주목받고 있는 일본 고베시의 사례연구를 통하여 건강도시 개발 방안을 모색해보고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between the summertime (June to August) heat index, which quantifies the bioclimatic apparent temperature in sultry weather, and the daily disease-related mortality in Seoul for the period from 1991 to 2000. Methods : The daily maximum (or minimum) summertime heat indices, which show synergetic apparent temperatures, were calculated from the six hourly temperatures and real time humidity data for Seoul from 1991 to 2000. The disease-related daily mortality was extracted with respect to types of disease, age and sex, etc. and compared with the time series of the daily heat indices. Results : The summertime mortality in 1994 exceeded the normal by 626 persons. Specifically, blood circulation-related and cancer-related mortalities increased in 1994 by 29.7% (224 persons) and 15.4% (107 persons), respectively, compared with those in 1993. Elderly persons, those above 65 years, were shown to be highly susceptible to strong heat waves, whereas the other age and sex-based groups showed no significant difference in mortality. In particular, a heat wave episode on the 22nd of July 2004 ($>45^{\circ}C$ daily heat index) resulted in double the normal number of mortalities after a lag time of 3 days. Specifically, blood circulation-related mortalities, such as cerebral infraction, were predominant causes. Overall, a critical mortality threshold was reached when the heat index exceeded approximately $37^{\circ}C$, which corresponds to human body temperature. A linear regression model based on the heat indices above $37^{\circ}C$, with a 3 day lag time, accounted for 63% of the abnormally increased mortality (${\geq}+2$ standard deviations). Conclusions : This study revealed that elderly persons, those over 65 years old, are more vulnerable to mortality due to abnormal heat waves in Seoul, Korea. When the daily maximum heat index exceeds approximately $37^{\circ}C$, blood circulation-related mortality significantly increases. A linear regression model, with respect to lag-time, showed that the heat index based on a human model is a more dependable indicator for the prediction of hot weather-related mortality than the ambient air temperature.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.289-309
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• 2023

우리나라의 국민건강보험은 빠른 시간에 보편적 의료시스템을 정착시키는데 큰 기여를 했다. 하지만 연령대에 따른 의료서비스의 차이는 지속되고 있으며, 내과, 가정의학과, 소아청소년과와 같은 핵심의료 서비스에서 이러한 불평등이 존재하는 것은 큰 우려를 불러일으킬 수 밖에 없다. 진료기관 접근에 대한 불평등은 연령대만이 아니라 지역, 특히 도시와 농촌 사이에도 크게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 1995년부터 2021년까지 초기진료기관의 분포를 이용하여 변화하는 경제환경 속에서 의료서비스의 공간적 불평등이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지를 살핀다. 다양한 불평등 지수와 공간통계분석의 결과를 토대로 볼 때, 1997년 IMF 경제위기, 2008년 금융위기, 그리고 2020년의 COVID-19 공중보건 위기를 겪으며 불평등이 심화 확대된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 초기의료기관의 불균등 분포에 큰 변화가 온 시기도 밝혀낼 수 있었는데, 이러한 변화에는 유소년이나 전체 인구 분포보다는 고령인구의 분포가 큰 역할을 하고 있었다. 본 연구결과는 인구와 의료서비스의 공간적 분포를 통합적으로 고려하여 핵심적인 의료자원의 불평등을 해소하기 위한 노력이 절실히 필요하다는 것을 강조한다. 특히 이러한 노력은 미래의 경제적 충격에도 적절한 수준의 의료 서비스를 지속할 수 있는 기반이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2005

Objectives : An abrupt economic decline may widen the socioeconomic differences in health between the advantaged and disadvantaged in a society. The aim of this study was to examine whether the South Korean economic crisis of 1997-98 affected the socioeconomic inequality from all-causes and from cause-specific mortality between 1995 and 2001. Methods : Population denominators were obtained from the registration population data, with the number of death (numerators) calculated from raw death certificate data. The indicator used to assess the geographic socioeconomic position was the per capita regional tax revenue. Administrative districts (Si-Gun-Gu) were ranked according to this socioeconomic measure, and divided into equal population size quintiles on the basis of this ranking. The sex- and 5-year age-specific numbers of the population and deaths were used to compute the sex- and age-adjusted mortality rates (via direct standardization method), standardized mortality ratios (via indirect standardization methods) and relative indices of inequality (RII) (via Poisson regression). Results : Geographic inequalities from all-causes of mortality, as measured by RII, did not increase as a result of the economic crisis (from 1998-2001). This was true for both sexes and all age groups. However, the cause-specific analyses showed that socioeconomic inequalities in mortalities from external causes were affected by South Korean economic crisis. For males, the RIIs for mortalities from transport accidents and intentional self-harm increased between 1995 and 2001. For females, the RII for mortality from intentional self-harm increased during the same period. Conclusions : The South Korean economic crisis widened the geographic inequality in mortalities from major external causes. This increased inequality requires social discourse and counter policies with respect to the rising health inequalities in the South Korean society.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1403-1418
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• 1999

Nursing is a discipline that helps to understand human being, to mitigate pains in life by promoting and recovering health, and to study the basic principles in sustaining and preserving life. To understand man and thus to nurse, it is essential to take the way of life of the specific person, his/her ideas, and natural environment into consideration. This means, the temperament, geography, environment and society peculiar to Korea have formed its own culture distinguished from those of other people. Thoughts and philosophy develop as a products of the specific culture and society. Therefore, accurate understanding of the concepts of nursing in the traditional thoughts and philosophy is indispensible to define Korean nursing. Modern Korean nursing at first rooted in the westernized nursing and western nursing intervention has been applied ever since its introduction in the late 19th century under the paradigm of western natural science. However, Koreans in the past made use of alternative therapy which put its emphasis on the organic and holistic view of life as well as a means for traditional medicine and nursing. This alternative therapy has been largely ignored since the introduction of western medical science, and was considered something used only by the aged or the uneducated. Moreover, Health concerned practices and customary traditional therapy have been discarded in the clinical medicine as "unscientific" or "unsystematic". As described above, it is true that Korean nursing has developed in the quantitative aspect only adhering to western nursing intervention. Now it is the time to stop to hold ourself and to look back our past. To find and develop the originality of Korean nursing to cope with the globalization, it is necessary to rediscover nursing (alternative) therapy in Korean culture ignored so far. For this purpose, this study examines the oriental philosophy to explore alternative nursing theory now under development. Also it aims to present ways to apply alternative therapy to nursing education, research and clinical practices and ultimately to show the desirable direction of the nursing to go in the future. Yangsaeng theory of Taoism and Yin-yang, Oh-hang(five elements) and khi theory in Dongeuibogam which gave enormous influences on Korean medical culture and treatment together with Sahsang(four temperaments) emphasized in Dongeuisusebowon will be examined as conceptual framework. Concepts of nursing are categorized into views on each the universe, the human being and nursing. Views on human being is classified into subcategories of body, life, health, and disease. Also it emphasizes the necessity of including alternative therapy in nursing intervention. Views on the universe is classified into yin-yang, khi, and temperament. Nursing will be available anywhere and easily accessible with this new nursing intervention. Trying to give a new thoughts to all those traditional concepts and alternative therapy, this article suggests the necessity of developing original Korean nursing theory and nursing intervention.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.197-211
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 건강에 대한 공간적 연구에서 통상적으로 사용되는 센서스에 기반한 지역 박탈지수의 대안으로 지역 주택가격이 사용될 수 있는지 평가하였다. 평가를 위해 개인을 1수준으로, 수도권의 보건소 구역을 2수준으로 하는 다수준 로지스틱 모델이 추정되었다. 다수준 모델에는 개인의 점심식사후 칫솔질과 치간실 사용을 설명하기 위한 개인수준의 변수들과 보건소 구역을 대표하는 사회적 박탈지수 및 지역주택가격 수준이 포함되었다. 추정된 모델들의 설명력은 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)와 Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)를 이용하여 평가되었다. 모델의 추정결과는 사회적 박탈지수 및 지역 주택가격이 모두 개인의 치아관리 행동을 설명하는 데 기여하나 지역 주택가격을 사용한 모델의 AIC 및 BIC가 통상적인 센서스 기반 지역 박탈지수를 사용한 경우 보다 낮은 것을 보여 주었다. 본 연구결과는 센서스에 기반한 박탈지수를 생성하는 데 사용된 센서스 변수가 시점의 차이 등의 이유로 적절하지 않을 경우 지역 주택가격이 지역의 사회경제적 수준을 대표하기 위해 대안적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.6.1-6.10
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• 2016

Objectives This study examined the spatial distribution and the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting from primitive, unconventional informal electronic waste recycling in the Agbogbloshie e-waste processing site (AEPS) in Ghana. Methods A total of 132 samples were collected at 100 m intervals, with a handheld global position system used in taking the location data of the soil sample points. Observing all procedural and quality assurance measures, the samples were analyzed for barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), using X-ray fluorescence. Using environmental risk indices of contamination factor and degree of contamination ($C_{deg}$), we analyzed the individual contribution of each heavy metal contamination and the overall $C_{deg}$. We further used geostatistical techniques of spatial autocorrelation and variability to examine spatial distribution and extent of heavy metal contamination. Results Results from soil analysis showed that heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher than the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency and Dutch environmental standards. In an increasing order, Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn>Cr>Co>Ba>Ni contributed significantly to the overall $C_{deg}$. Contamination was highest in the main working areas of burning and dismantling sites, indicating the influence of recycling activities. Geostatistical analysis also revealed that heavy metal contamination spreads beyond the main working areas to residential, recreational, farming, and commercial areas. Conclusions Our results show that the studied heavy metals are ubiquitous within AEPS and the significantly high concentration of these metals reflect the contamination factor and $C_{deg}$, indicating soil contamination in AEPS with the nine heavy metals studied.