• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.558-565
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• 2007

On the basis of the increasing interest for the selection of beverages, this study aimed to evaluate the contents of nutrients and health ${\cdot}$ functional elements in the beverages. Total 161 beverages that bear nutrition lable (NL) as nutrition table and health ${\cdot}$ functional elements information were collected and classified to 8 groups. The evaluated nutrients that are obligatory for NL in Korea were total calorie, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium. Presented values showed that milk & yogurt and soy milk are the most wholesome beverages while the total caloric contents also were higher among 8 groups. Sodium contents in soy milk were higher than any other groups. The caloric contents of other beverage groups come mainly from carbohydrate presumably simple sugar. The caloric content of sports drinks is the lowest but the sodium content is variable among products showing the range of 0 - 100 mg/100 ml. Nonobligatory nutrients for NL frequently expressed are Ca, Fe, vitamin C, folate, and dietary fiber. Their content per serving size does not exceed the tolerable upper intake level, however, habitual multiple intakes of certain product require attention for the prevention of overintakes. Many health ${\cdot}$ functional elements as catechin, carnitine, polyphenol, and nucleic acids etc were listed in NL without presenting the content and their functions appear to be exaggerated compared to the known scientific evidence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2017

This study aimed to analyze beverage usage motives according to selection attributes of beverage shops. Questionnaires were completed by 509 persons living in the Seoul, Gyeonggido area. The results show significant differences by gender, age, and monthly income. Female customers stayed longer and spent more money than males. Younger customers (20's, 30's) stayed longer and visited beverage shops to meet friends. Those with higher incomes stayed shorter and visited beverage shop with company staff. In the factor analysis of selection attributes of beverage shops, there were four factors: 'physical environment', 'economic benefit', 'specialized service', and 'approach convenience'. Two clusters, derived from selected attributes of beverage shops, were 'highly involved group' and 'low involved group'. The 'highly involved group' was high income and highly educated, whereas the 'low involved group' was low income and low educated. 'The highly involved group' drank beverages in the office and school while the 'low involved group' drank beverages at home. The 'highly involved group' cited safety, comfort, pleasure, and happiness more than the 'low involved group' at beverage shops. Beverage shops should develop health beverages such as caffeine or sugar-controlled beverage for 'the highly involved group'. Discounts for take-out beverages and promotional coupons should be used for the 'low involved group'.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.34-49
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrition intake and diet quality according to beverage consumption status in elementary school students (ESS = 317), middle-school students (MSS = 431), and high-school students (HSS = 373). We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were divided into two groups, the non-beverage group and the beverage intake group according to beverage intake from drink types (fruit-vegetable drinks, carbonated drinks, and dairy drinks). Intake of dairy drinks was significantly lower in the carbonated drinks intake (CDI) group, compared with the non-CDI group in the MSS group. Intake of vitamin C was significantly higher in the fruit-vegetable drinks intake (FVDI) group, compared with the non-FVDI group. Intake of Ca and P was significantly lower in the CDI group, compared with the non-CDI group. Intake of vitamin B2, Ca, and P was significantly higher in the dairy drinks intake (DDI) group, compared with the non-DDI group. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the FVDI group and the DDI group was significantly higher than those of the non-FVDI and non-DDI group. In diet quality, nutrients less than 1 on the index of nutritional quality (INQ) were significantly higher in the CDI group, compared with the non-CDI group. In conclusion, consumption of carbonated drinks dropped the diet quality however, consumption of fruit-vegetable drinks and dairy drinks improved the diet quality of micronutrients. Therefore, a well-planned diet must be used for replacement of nutrients lost from excessive intake of carbonated beverages during a time in life when growth is especially prominent.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.501-513
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• 1999

In order to investigate consumption pattern and image of beverage, this study was performed by using questionnaire based on stratified random sampling about 200 students from September 6, 1999 to September 18, 1999. The result was as followings: 1. For the reasons of each beverage consumption, coke, soda pop and sport drinks were for quenching thirst. And coffee and juices were for dessert and milk.yoghurts, dietary beverages, green tea and ginseng tea were for health. 2. For the priority in selecting each beverage, trademark was dominant factor for choosing coke. And the dominant factor of choosing milk.yoghurts and ginseng tea was nutrition and in case of other beverages taste was the first factor. 3. For the place of taking beverages, coffee, coke and sport drinks were mainly consumed in school and milk.yoghurt and juices in home. 4. The college students loved or liked milk.yoghurt and juices, and they liked or enjoyed coke, soda pop, sport drinks and green tea moderately, and enjoyed ginseng tea and black tea moderately or disliked them. 5. For the frequency of each beverage, many of them consumed coffee and milk.yoghurt once or twice a day. and consumed coke. soda pop. sport drinks and juices once or twice a week. And they answered that they did not consume dietary beverages, green tea, ginseng tea and black tea so often. 6. There was significant correlation with frequency of drinking and preference score of beverage. 7. For the consumption of the Korean traditional beverages, more than 50% of the subjects had no experience in taking sangwha tea, omiza tea, and Kugiza tea. Among them, many answered that they would try the Korean traditional beverages, if they had an opportunity, and that their price was moderate. 8. The results from the analysis of the image of those beverages were as followings; \circled1 Coffee, coke, sport drinks and dietary beverages had a modern image and green tea, ginseng tea and black tea had a traditional image. \circled2 Coke, sport drinks and ginseng tea had a manly image and juices, dietary beverages, green tea and black tea had a womanlike image. \circled3 The students recognized coffee, coke, milkㆍyoghurt, sport drinks, juices, dietary beverages and green tea to be daily and catholic. \circled4 Milkㆍyoghurt, juices, dietary beverages, green tea, ginseng tea and black tea were recognized to be good for health and coffee and coke bad for health. \circled5 Coffee, coke, soda pop, sport drinks, juices and green tea were slightly concerned with a change. \circled6 Coke, soda pop and sport drinks had a dynamic image and coffee, juices. green tea, ginseng tea and black tea had a little static image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between caffeinated beverage intake and sleep quality among university students. Methods: Data were collected through a survey of 262 university students in Ulsan conducted in Nov. 27 2013. The survey used a self-administered questionnaire, which was composed of questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics, sleep quality and the status of caffeinated beverage intake. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, using SPSS/WIN 21 Program. Results: In average, The subjects consumed 6.43 cups of caffeinated beverage per week, intaking 397.60mg of caffeine. The correlations between sleep quality and the amount of caffeinated beverage intake and between sleep quality and the quantity of caffeine intake were statistically significant. By performing a multiple regression analysis, it was shown sleep quality decreased significantly as the amount of caffeine intake increased (p<.001). Conclusion: To improve university students' sleep quality, it is necessary to control their intake of caffeinated beverage.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the frequency of consumption of sports drinks and energy drinks and aerobic physical activity in the 6-29 year old group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sociodemographic characteristics, aerobic physical activity, and beverage intake of the subjects were calculated using composite sample descriptive statistics, and the mean difference between groups was analyzed by cross-tabulation, χ²-test, and binary logistic regression analysis. High-intensity aerobic activity was analyzed as an increase in the intake frequency of sports drinks(ionic drinks, vitamin drinks) and energy drinks(high-caffeine drinks) (p<0.05). Compared to moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, high-intensity aerobic physical activity was analyzed as a factor influencing the increase in beverage intake frequency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and beverage consumption, which is a critical issue for promoting health both now and in the future, and to developed an intervention program based on the findings. Through this study, we aimed to gather basic data that can help people live healthy lives, and raise both individual and societal awareness of the importance of making better beverage choices.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.218-228
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• 2023

Recent studies have evaluated the association between specific beverage intake and metabolic risks in adults. However, more evidence is needed to examine the association between the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and metabolic factors. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between HBI and metabolic factors in adults. In this cross-sectional study, 338 overweight and obese individuals living in Tabriz, Iran were selected. Data on beverage consumption, demographics, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using validated standard protocols. The predefined HBI was calculated based on previous studies. The mean value of HBI index among all of the participants was 59.76 ± 6.51. Those at the higher HBI scores had significantly lower waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and weight (p < 0.05). HBI and triglyceride scores also had a significant relationship. It has been shown that at higher HBI scores compared to lower scores, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increase while homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and blood pressure decrease. HBI scores higher among Iranian adults were associated with a better chance of losing weight and weight loss and a better lipid profile, and lower blood pressure. Therefore, HBI can be a useful and helpful tool for assessing the overall quality of beverages adults consume. However, further studies are warranted to confirm the possible health effects of healthy beverage index.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1156-1162
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• 2014

The study is part of the Chinese beverage selection attributes according to dietary style purchases based on the different dietary styles among different factors and consumer behavior analysis of consumer characteristics. The subjects of study were for the people living in Tianjin China objects directly in the local implementation of the questionnaire survey. A statistical analysis of 455 was conducted using SPSS 19. Using the general statistical analysis and cause analysis and reliability analysis, ANOVA test and cross analysis. Investigation object types related dietary style 20 projects, selection attributes 14 exploratory analysis of the causes, according to the results of dietary style in five factors, respectively of the health oriented, convenience oriented, economy oriented, gourmet oriented, food safety oriented convenient type named pursuit. Selection attributes is to consider three items of the preference factors, production and functional factors, information factors named. Food safety oriented showed a high percentage, Gourmet oriented compared to other types of higher proportion of singles. Food safety oriented production and functional factors to purchase consideration magazine and newspaper has obtained the information. Gourmet oriented production and functional factors to purchase consideration TV and radio were obtained by using the information. Health oriented green tea beverages have been preferred.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

As an attempt to develop new functional health beverage by using medicinal herb, green ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe), we investigated the effect of Zingiber officinale on blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rats with Zingiber officinale extracts. Zingiber officinale extract increase rCBF significantly. The drink produced consisted of Zingiber officinale extract 1.825%, maltitol syrup 17.0%, citric aicd 0.06%, ascorbic acid 0.02%, stevioside 0.001%, ginger flavor 0.11% and water. Brix, pH and acidity of product were 13.7, 4.4 and 0.09, respectively. This drink had good score by the sensory evaluation. The above results showed that development of such functional beverage using Zingiber officinale can used as a functional material improving blood circulation in beverage industry.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2001

This study investigated the intake of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages in college students. Five hundred and eighty seven students age 19-30 (432 male and 155 female) responded to the beverage consumption survey. Of the students 19.9% were freshman, 42.2% sophomore, 23% junior, and 15% seniors. Results are summarized as follows : 1) Beer and soju were the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages by the college students. The amount of beverage normally consumed was 3 cans of beer or 1 bottle of soju. 2) There was no age related change in amount of alcoholic beverage consumed, but preference for liquor rather than beer increased with age. 3) Foods most commonly consumed prior to drinking were cooked rice and milk. 4) Following the drinking of alcoholic beverages the most commonly consumed food or beverage was cold water for both males and females. The next most commonly foods were cooked rice, instant noodles, and cola for males ; and cooked rice, milk, and fruit for females. 5) Cola and pear juice were the preferred non-alcoholic beverages for college students. Also popular among students were date juice for males and orange juice for females. Milk and non-cola carbonated beverages were not commonly consumed. This study provides information for the identification of possible alcoholic beverage related public health risks among college students.