• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.329-341
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine vegetable & fruit (V/F) intakes, beliefs and self-efficacy regarding V/F consumption, nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of elementary students. A survey was conducted to the 4th graders (n = 234) at two elementary schools in Guri, Kyunggi-do. About one-fourth of subjects were overweight or obese. Subjects had 4.2 servings of V/F a day, consuming 340.2 g of V/F. Girls consumed significantly more amounts of vegetables than boys (p < 0.05). Girls were more favorable regarding V/F consumption (p < 0.01), and believed more strongly on advantages of having V/F such as “good for skin” constipation prevention (p < 0.001) and cancer prevention (p < 0.05). Boys felt more strongly in disadvantages or barriers of eating V/F, including mother's cooking time constraints (p < 0.01), lack of past experience of eating V/F, and family members' disliking of V/F (p < 0.05). Girls felt more confident in eating V/F (p < 0.05) than boys; they also felt more confident in specific items of "eating fruits/salads instead of cookies/chips for snack" and "eating fruit juice/vegetable juice instead of soda"(p < 0.01). Subjects showed low level of nutrition knowledge, especially in items such as balanced meals, recommended servings of V/F and vitamin deficiency. Compared to boys, girls had more desirable eating behavior such as eating adequate amount of meals (p < 0.001), having a variety of foods, eating fruits daily, and having fatty foods less frequently (p < 0.05). Intakes of Ca and K were quite below the recommended level, while the intakes of protein, Na and vitamin A intake were much above the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for 9-11 old children. Nutrient intakes expressed as %DRI was higher in girls for vitamin A (p < 0.01), energy and riboflavin (p < 0.05). High V/F consumption group (${\geq}5$ servings of V/F a day) compared to the counterparts showed higher self-efficacy and had better eating behaviors. Nutrition education for children should focus on increasing consumption of V/F, by helping them to increase self-efficacy for eating V/F and to recognize the benefits and reduce the barriers of eating V/F, especially in boys. It is also needed to provide nutrition information for balanced meals or increasing V/F consumption, and help the children to adopt desirable eating behavior.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.253-262
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• 2007

The postpartum care center is a facility which made its debut only about 10 years ago but has now changed the nation's postpartum care culture. Women delivered of a child use the postpartum care center at this time since the low rate of childbirth has become a social phenomenon. However, while the postpartum care center is not supported legally and systematically, anybody can run it after they only file a report on businessman status with the tax office. So there are disordered wave of postpartum care startups which do not have basic facilities. Thus, this study is intended to suggest an interior environment plan considering an efficient space and users' benefits of a postpartum care center which has a characteristic difference from that of ordinary facilities in terms of targeted persons or operations but for which standards are not clear in terms of the Health and Welfare Law and the Medical Service Law. This study was conducted by investigating the actual condition of the entrance space, living space, common-use space, nursing space, administration and attached space in the six postpartum care centers selected from Seoul and Kyeonggi-do region and suggesting the direction of improvements, thus establishing the direction of interior designs and an interior environment plan. Hopefully, this study would be used as basic data on interior building plans, thus being helpful in enhancing the satisfaction of the postpartum care center user and operating the facility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.579-591
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• 2017

The Illness Management and Recovery(IMR) Program was designed to improve self-management and recovery of people with mental illness. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the Korean version of the IMR program on recovery, knowledge against mental illness, hope among inpatients with severe mental illness. 92 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder were assigned to either an IMR group(n=51) or the control group(n=41) without randomization. Data collection had been conducted from June 2015 to December 2016. Mental Health Recovery Scale, Knowledge Scale, and Hope Scale was administered to participants before and after the intervention. Participants in the IMR program showed significant improvement in progress toward their recovery and knowledge about their mental illness compared with those receiving treatment as usual. However, changes in hope were not significant in both groups. This is the first evaluation of the effects of the Korean version of the IMR program. Our findings support potential benefits of implementing the Korean version of the IMR program.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2015

A majority of past studies have tried to investigate cigarette consumption in terms of smoker's cognitive aspects. However, smokers may experience feelings of guilt as a negative emotion while satisfying hedonic and social motive via cigarette consumption. Particularly, feelings of guilt associated with smoking may be induced when smokers' cigarette consumption contradicts their ideal self-concept or social self-concept. The research thus studied smoker's psychological mechanism, focusing on feelings of guilt associated with cigarette consumption. The results indicated that as smokers perceived physical harm associated with their cigarette consumption more than hedonic benefits from the cigarette consumption, they were more likely to experience feelings of guilt related to themselves and others. As smokers perceived social images of smoker as more negative, they were more likely to experience feelings of guilt related to others. Lastly, smokers' experiencing feelings of guilt related to themselves and others had a positive effect on smoking cessation intent. The research findings suggest that the anti-smoking campaign inducing guilt related to smokers' themselves (e.g., raising the price of cigarettes) and others (e.g., anti-smoking ads displaying physical damage of secondhand smoke on family members) can increase smokers' cessation intent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.457-463
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• 2018

Various health benefits of turmeric have been reported. Therefore, an innovative application of turmeric as a functional food was explored. In the current study, effects of an extrusion process on the chemical properties and antioxidant activities of turmeric were investigated. Extrusion of turmeric was performed at $150^{\circ}C$ using screw revolution speeds of 500, 1,000, 1,300, and 1,600 rpm. A significant reduction in turmeric pigments and the formation of browning compounds occurred due to the extrusion. The degradation of pigments was proportional to the increase in screw speed. Infusion yields were significantly increased after the extrusion. The content of proteins and polyphenols, as well as the content of flavonoids in infusions and EtOH extracts were significantly reduced by the extrusion. Scavenging activities of turmeric against DPPH and ABTS radicals were also significantly reduced following the extrusion. These results indicate that the extrusion process caused a significant loss of pigments and decreased the antioxidant activities of turmeric. Therefore, further study related to the development of a proper extrusion process is to be needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1525-1538
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• 2007

Because of the increasing evidence of potential benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on human health, there is a need to investigate its status in commercial dairies and develop feeding strategies to enhance the content and supply of CLA in milk and milk products. A two-year experiment was conducted to study the status of milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA on four selected commercial dairy farms in Utah (two) and Idaho (two), USA. Farms A and C grazed cows on pasture and supplemented with 7.0 kg/cow per day of their respective grain mixes during summer, while conserved forage and grain mix was fed during winter. Farm B fed a total mixed diet all year, with 10% of diet dry matter as fresh cut pasture during summer. Farm D had 1/3 of its cows grazed on pasture and supplemented with a total mixed diet during summer, while the rest were fed a total mixed diet. All cows in Farm D were fed a total mixed diet during winter. Farms A, B, C, and D had on average 80, 400, 150, and 500 milking cows, respectively, with Holstein or its crosses as the major breed. On a year-round basis, Farms A and C produced milk with 60% or more milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA and transvaccenic acid (TVA) contents than Farm B. Similarly, Farm D produced 30% or more c-9, t-11 CLA and TVA in milk than Farm B. Milk fat content of CLA and TVA was 150-200% more during summer compared with winter. Individual cows varied from 0.16 to 2.22% in milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA contents and 89% of the cows had c-9, t-11 CLA contents between 0.3 and 1.0% of milk fat. Individual cow variation was larger on Farms A and C compared with Farm D, with least variation on Farm B. Variation was larger in summer than in winter. The bulk tank milk c-9, t-11 CLA content varied from 0.27 to 1.35% of milk fat. Cows on Farms A and C produced similar or higher amounts of milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA on a daily basis even though their milk yield was lowest among the dairies. Concentration and supplies of c-9, t-11 CLA and TVA were highest from June through September and lowest from February through April, which should be the months for targeting improvement in the content and supply of milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA and TVA.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.845-873
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• 2008

This study estimates the VSL(value of a statistical life) as well as the WTP(willingness to pay) for mortality risk reduction using sample selection model with data on liver cancer examination which is associated with little possibility of multi-purpose(i.e. joint production) in averting behavior. The marginal benefits of mortality risk reduction are estimated by applying for household production function model with medical expense and the time required for medical examination of liver cancer. Individuals are more likely to take liver cancer test if they are male, older, higher educated, those with spouse, smoker, more income of household, and more anxious about their health. The costs of liver cancer examination are statistically significantly affected with expected signs by size of mortality risk reduction, sex, period of eduction, those with spouse, and household income. The marginal effect of mortality risk reduction owing to taking liver cancer examination is estimated at 321,097 won. The costs of liver cancer examination are increased by 905 won with more one year of education period and by 1,743 won with more one million won in household income. On liver cancer examination, male spends more 12,310 won than female and those with spouse pay more 7,969 won than those without spouse. Therefore the VSL from mortality risk reduction due to liver cancer examination is 321.10 million won at mean size of mortality risk reduction and mean cost of liver cancer examination. The results of sensitivity tests on costs and effects of liver cancer test shows that the VSLs are estimated in a range from 160.55 million won to 642.19 million won.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.8.1-8.8
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• 2015

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.279-290
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consumption patterns of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) on the purchasing decisions of LAB products for the commercialization of lactic acid fermented products. The average use frequency of LAB product was 5 times/week and liquid type was the most preferred. The LAB products were purchased for their health benefits. The requirements for improvement of LAB products were natural (6.037), functional (5.936) and storage (5.856). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect of consumption buying behavior on purchase decision-making behavior factors of LAB products. From the analysis results, comparison(. 468) appears to affect the ingredient factor. Comparison(.188), experience(.281), and showoff(.370) influence brand factors. Showoff(.598) influences design factors. Showoff (0.345) affected the price factor. Increasing the purchasing decision ability of LAB products will require producing a functional product in comparison with other products, and producing the products in a company with strong recognition. The packaging should suggest a luxurious design and expensive products.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2010

Purpose: To understand the status and actual condition of clinical practice in ophthalmic optics and offer a effective operation plan and improvement of quality of clinical practice. Methods: The school survey were investigated from 30 ophthalmic optics school and student survey were investigated from 161 students among these 4 schools. Results: 'No specific program for clinical practice' were 60.7%. Most schools apply clinical practice to credit (96.4%) but naming of subject and credit were varied in each school. 'Communication skill' was most difficult task and 'cleaning and arrangement of frame and stuff' were major task to students during clinical practice. Best benefits through clinical practice was 'knowing real status of optical business'. Comparison in carrier preference, optical shop and spectacles/contact lens company were decreased and eye hospital and norelation work were increased after clinical practice. Conclusions: Wide study on effective operation plan for clinical practice in ophthalmic optics and on the improvement of students' satisfaction and close cooperation and interest were needed between schools and clinical practice places.