• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The immune system is generally divided into the innate and the adopted immune systems, both protecting the body from pathogens. Recently, allergies, a disease associated with an imbalanced immune system, have increased rapidly in developed countries. Prevailing symptoms of allergic diseases are eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and food allergy. Probiotic bacteria, mainly consisting of lactic acid bacteria, are used in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The function of them is to stimulate the intestinal immune cells and form a complex signal network to activate other immune cells. Beneficial health effects of probiotics are based on the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that sanitary environment is important for health, but limited exposure to environmental factors increases allergic diseases. An immunoregulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is demonstrated by controlled trial, animal model, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo designs. However, the immunoregulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is controversial because it depends on probiotic strains, a dose and a type of diseases. In this review, we discussed clinical evidences on immunoregulatory effects of probiotic bacteria.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구는 임상대상자 30명에게 미생물발효용액인 Zen발효용액을 8주간 섭취시킨 후에 임상대상자들의 변에서 중요한 장내 유익세균 및 저해세균의 증식이 촉진되는지 또는 감소하는지를 연구하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 장내세균은 특정 Primer를 이용하여 PCR 증폭기로 동정 검색하였다. 결과: Zen발효액을 섭취한 임상군의 Bifidobacterium genus 유전자복제지수(gi%)는 섭취 전 수치는 55.15%, 섭취 후에는 70.1%로 나타났으며, 섭취 후에 14.95% 차이로 유의성이 있게 증가하였다. 아래 모든 대조군은 유의성이 없었다. 임상군의 Lactobacillus genus지수는 섭취 전이 46.87%, 섭취 후가 60.91%로 나타났으며, 섭취 후에 14.04% 차이로 유의성은 있게 증가하였다(p<.01). 임상군의 Clostridium genus지수는 사전이 85.64%, 사후가 65.99%로 나타났으며, 섭취 후에 -19.65% 차이로 유의성이 있게 감소를 하였다(p<.017). 임상군의 Bacteroides genus지수는 사전이 17.11%, 사후가 20.22%로 나타났으며, 섭취 후에 3.11% 차이로 유의성이 있게 증가하였다. 임상군의 Prevotella genus지수는 사전이 14.01%, 사후가 16.79%로 나타났으며, 섭취 후에 2.78%차이로 증가하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 결론: 장내세균은 혼합미생물의 발효액 Zen을 섭취 후에 장내에서 유익균은 증식이 증가하고, 유해균은 억제되는 현상을 발견하였다. Zen발효액은 장 건강에 유익한 음료라 평가한다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2017

Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed) is emerging as an important functional food ingredient because of its rich contents, namely, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 fatty acid), lignans, and fiber, which are potentially beneficial for human health. Furthermore, flax or flaxseed oil has also been incorporated as a functional food ingredient into various foods such as milk, dairy products, and meat products. Flaxseed is known to possess antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, but its growth-stimulating effect on lactic acid bacteria is not clear. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine whether crude flaxseed extract stimulated the growth kefir-isolated lactic acid bacteria in vitro. The result of this study showed that Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1, Lactobacillus brevis KCTC3102, Lactobacillus bulgaricus KCTC3635, and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3105 treated with $100{\mu}L$ of crude flaxseed extract showed significantly higher growth than the control treated with $100{\mu}L$ of water (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, crude flaxseed extract could be used as a growth stimulator for lactic acid bacteria in various food applications, including production of milk and dairy products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1367-1377
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• 2010

Scientific research regarding the use of live bacterial cells for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly growing over the years and has generated considerable interest to scientists and health professionals. Probiotics are defined as essential live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Owing to their considerable beneficial health effects, these microorganisms are increasingly incorporated into dairy products; however, many reports have demonstrated their poor survival and stability. Their survival in the gastrointestinal tract is also questionable. To overcome these problems, microencapsulation techniques are currently receiving considerable attention. This review describes the importance of live probiotic bacterial microencapsulation using an alginate microparticulate system and presents the potentiality of various coating polymers such as chitosan and polylysine for improving the stability of this microencapsulation.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국산 초임계 열처리된 무 복합 추출물을 이용하여 장내세균의 생육, 특히 식중독 및 위염, 장염 등 감염성 유해균과 정장효과를 나타내는 유익한 세균군의 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 흰쥐를 3개 시험구 즉 정상대조군, Loperamide 투여군, 초임계 열처리된 무 복합추출물(HRE) 투여군 등으로 나누어 동물실험을 수행하면서 장내 유익한 세균의 생육에는 아무런 영향을 주지 않으면서 유해균의 생육을 저해함으로써 장기능 개선 및 세균성 장질환에 효과적이고 안전한 건강기능식품 조성물로도 유용하게 사용할 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 특히 무는 오랫동안 복용 시에도 전혀 부작용을 나타내지 않는 안전한 식품으로 장기간 꾸준히 복용하는 것에 의해 장내 세균총 및 세균성 장질환에 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2013

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are added to different food products for a long time due to health beneficial effects on human host. LAB is applied in dairy products, such as yoghurt, cheese, and various fermented products, and also in non-dairy products, such as sausages. However, reaching the human gut alive as well as in a sufficient cell amount to exert positive health effects is still a big challenge, due to LAB sensitive character and vulnerability against harsh and detrimental conditions in human digestive system. Keeping physiological activity of sensitive LAB strains alive is for the formulation of novel food products with a probiotic health claim of utmost interest, thus microencapsulation has been applied and investigated as a promising technique for a good and reliable protection. Microencapsulation allows reduced cell injury or cell loss by retaining cells within the encapsulating membrane and can be enforced by spray-drying, emulsion, extrusion, and a range of other technologies in combination with an appropriate coating material, such as alginate, chitosan, and mixture of these two polymers. In this review, established and well-studied microencapsulation techniques with their favored coating materials, as well as the recent applications of microencapsulated LAB into dairy products will be discussed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.967-982
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• 2021

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host and are considered safe. Most probiotic strains that are beneficial to human health are included in the "Lactic acid bacteria" (LAB) group. The positive effects of probiotic bacteria on the host's health are species-specific and even strain-specific. Therefore, evaluating the probiotic potential of both wild and novel strains is essential. In this study, the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KT38-3 were determined. The strain identification was achieved by 16S rRNA sequencing. API-ZYM test kits were used to determine the enzymatic capacity of the strain. L. brevis KT38-3 was able to survive in conditions with a broad pH range (pH 2-7), range of bile salts (0.3%-1%) and conditions that simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice. The percentage of autoaggregation (59.4%), coaggregation with E. coli O157:H7 (37.4%) and hydrophobicity were determined to be 51.1%, 47.4%, and 52.7%, respectively. L. brevis KT38-3 produced β-galactosidase enzymes and was able ferment lactose. In addition, this strain was capable of producing antimicrobial peptides against the bacteria tested, including methicillin and/or vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The cell-free supernatants of the strain had high antioxidant activities (DPPH: 54.9% and ABTS: 48.7%). Therefore, considering these many essential in vitro probiotic properties, L. brevis KT38-3 has the potential to be used as a probiotic supplement. Supporting these findings with in vivo experiments to evaluate the potential health benefits will be the subject of our future work.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

최근의 장내 미생물 연구에 따르면 우리의 건강에 대한 장내 미생물의 중요한 역할이 밝혀졌다. 이에 매년 다양한 건강 기능 식품이 개발되고 있다. 기능성 식품의 개발에는 기능성 식품의 유익한 효과를 확인하기위한 in-vivo 실험이 포함되는 경우가 많다. 그 이유로 기능성 식품이 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 동물 실험을 자주 수행하고 있는 실정이다. 식품의 유익한 효과는 장내 미생물 생태가 식품에 의해 이동되어 유익한 박테리아의 증가, 잠재적인 병원성 박테리아의 감소 또는 둘 다에 따라 평가 될 수 있다. 동물 실험은 일반적으로 시간이 많이 걸리고 까다롭기 때문에 본 연구팀은 분변 미생물에 대한 in-vitro 연구로 식이 건강상의 이점을 얼마나 잘 반영하는지 조사했다. 본 연구에서는 두 사람의 배설물을 사용하여 15가지 음식이 장내미생물에 주는 영향을 조사했다. 결과는 식단에 따라 다양한 장내 미생물 이동을 보여 주었으며, 이는 일반적으로 알려진 유익한 식단(즉, 김치, 청국장)이 유산균과 비피도 박테리움을 증가 시켰음을 확인했다. 따라서, 우리는 식이 요법의 유익한 효과를 평가하기 위해 체외 분변 미생물균총 분석을 사용할 수 있다고 제안한다. 또한, 이 방법은 더 나아가 개인 맞춤형 식단을 설정하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.453-458
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• 1994

Intestinal microbial flora comprise one third of the large intestinal contents in human. They play a significant effects through beneficial and harmful action on the human health. This is the first study which examined the composition of the microflora of the general population in Korea. Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Clostridium perfringens, total aerobic bacteria and total anaerrobic bacteria were counted using various selective and non-selective media. Among the bacteria studied the number of Bifidobacterium were greatest in breast-fed infants(30-90 days old), whereas Streptocuccus and Bifidobacterium in bottle-fed infants. In 20-40 age group Bacteroides were predominant followed by Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium. In early group(over 65 years old) Bacteroides were predominant followed by Eubacterium and bifidobacterium. The frequency and number of Cl. perfringens were highest in dlderly group. These results confirm that the microfloral pattern in large intestine change during the life cycle of humans.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Probiotics have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects on human health. In particular, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains have gained considerable attention as major groups of probiotic bacteria that improve gastrointestinal health. However, emerging evidence suggests that probiotics offer benefits beyond those observed in the gut recent studies suggest that probiotics and/or their components exert favorable effects on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) pathogenesis such as decreasing intestinal permeability, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria growth, increasing the activity of alcohol metabolism enzymes, modulating the adaptive immune system, and suppressing fatty acid synthesis genes. In this review, we discuss the results of in vivo and in vitro studies that have examined the use of probiotics to prevent ALD, primarily focusing on those that explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of promising probiotic strains. The evidence presented in this review could help in screening for probiotic strains that have protective effects in ALD patients and in further elucidating the mechanisms of their actions.