• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.515-535
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• 2020

Essential oils (EOs) have gained a renewed interest in many disciplines such as plant disease control and medicine. This review discusses the components of ginger EOs, their mode of action, and their potential nanotechnology applications in controlling tropical plant diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and headspace procedures are commonly used to detect and profile their chemical compositions EOs in ginger. The ginger EOs are composed of monoterpenes (transcaryophyllene, camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene). GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed many compounds but few compounds were revealed using the headspace approach. The EOs have a wide range of activities against many phytopathogens. EOs mode of action affects both the pathogen cell's external envelope and internal structures. The problems associated with solubility and stability of EOs had prompted the use nanotechnology such as nanoemulsions. The use of nanoemulsion to increase efficiency and supply of EOs to control plant diseases control was discussed in this present paper. The findings of this review paper may accelerate the effective use of ginger EOs in controlling tropical plant diseases.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.429-440
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• 2010

HS-SPME-GC/MS was studied and optimized for the determination of 17 orgarnophosphorous pesiticides (OPPs: chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, diazinon, dimethoate, EPN, fenitrothion, fenthion, malathion, methidathion, monocrotophos, parathion, phenthoate, phosphamidon, sulfotep, terbufos, triazophos) in blood. Optimum SPME parameters were selected: choice of SPME fiber (85 ${\mu}m$ polyacrylate), pH effect (0.5 N HCl), salt effect ($Na_2SO_4$, 0.2 g; 20%), headspace incubation temperature ($80^{\circ}C$), headspace incubation time (1 min), headspace adsorption time (30 min) and GC desorption time (2 min). These parameters were optimized using HS-SPME autosampler coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery in blood. The assay was linear over 0.5~5.0 mg/l ($r^2$=0.955~1.000). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in blood were determined 0.03~0.3 mg/l (S/N=3) and 0.1~1.1 mg/l (S/N=10), respectively. Relative recovery with 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/l (in blood) were 90.8%, 98.5% and 94.1%, respectively. This method will be applied to the determination of the orgarnophosphorous pesticides in postmortem blood. The proposed protocol can be an attractive alternative to be used in routine toxicological analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.3049-3052
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• 2009

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is added to gasoline to enhance the octane number of gasoline, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) is major degradation intermediate of MTBE in environment, and benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) are also major constituents of gasoline. In this study, a simplified headspace analysis method was adapted for simultaneous determination of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in ground water samples. The sample 5.0 mL and 2 g NaCl were placed in a 10 mL vial and the solution was spiked with fluorobenzene as an internal standard and sealed with a cap. The vial was placed in a heating block at 85 $^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The detection limits of the assay were 0.01 ${\mu}$g/L for MTBE and BTEX, and 0.02 ${\mu}$g/L for TBA. The method was used to analyze 110 ground water samples from various regions in Korea, and to survey the their background concentration in ground water in Korea. The samples revealed MTBE concentrations in the range of 0.01 - 0.45 ${\mu}$g/L (detection frequency of 57.3%), TBA concentrations in the range of 0.02 - 0.08 ${\mu}$g/L (detection frequency of 5.5%), and total BTEX concentrations in the range of 0.01 - 2.09 ${\mu}$g/L (detection frequency of 87.3%). The developed method may be used when simultaneously determining the amount of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in water.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2022

Objectives: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer which is one of the material extrusion (MEX) technologies is an additive manufacturing (AM) process. 3D printers have been distributed widely in Korea, particularly in school and office, even at home. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were emitted from an FDM 3D printing process. The objective of this study was to identify types of chemicals possibly emitted from FDM 3D printing materials such as PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nylon, PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PC (polycarbonate) filaments. Methods: 19 FDM 3D printing filaments which have been distributed in Korea were selected and analyzed VOCs emitted of 3D printing materials by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (headspace GC-MS). Subsamples were put into a vial and heated up to 200℃ (500 rpm) during 20 minutes before analyzing FDM 3D printing filaments. Results: In the case of PLA filament, lactide and methyl methacrylate, the monomer components of one, were detected, and the volume ratio ranged 27~93%, 0.5~37% respectively. In the case of ABS filaments, styrene (50.5~59.1%), the monomer components of one, was detected. Several VOCs among acetaldehyde, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc were detected from each FDM 3D printing filaments. Conclusions: Several VOCs, semi-VOCs were emitted from FDM 3D printing filaments in this study and previous studies. Users were possibly exposed to ones so that we strongly believe that we recommend to install the ventilation system such as a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) when they operate the FDM 3D printers in a workplace.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2014

Volatile flavor compounds from milk were analyzed and identified by using the analysis methods of headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HSPME-GC/MS) and electronic nose (E-Nose) system. About 30 volatile compounds were identified by HSPME-GC/MS for the fresh and off-flavor milk samples. Also, the correlation between rancidity and ageing days of milk was obtained by the aid of principal component analysis algorithm. It shows that the E-Nose system can identify the various types of milk flavor. These results imply that the analysis method based on the E-nose system can apply to the quality control of milk flavor and the rancidity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.458-461
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• 2003

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/headspace techniques(HS) and flame ionization detection (GC/FID) have been combined for determination of very polar compounds in water, including the widely used gasoline oxygenates and by-products. A relatively simple extraction method using a CAR/PDMS(75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) SPME fiber was optimized for the routine analysis of gasoline oxygenates and by-products in groundwater and reagent water. A sodium chloride concentration of 25%(w/w) combined with an extraction time of 20 min provided the greatest sensitivity while maintaining analytical efficiency Replicate analyses in fortified reagent and groundwater spiked with microgram per liter concentrations of gasoline oxygenates and by-products indicate quantitative and reproducible recovery of these and related oxygenate compounds. Method dynamic range was 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ L-1 to 3000$\mu\textrm{g}$ L-1 for gasoline oxygenates and by-products.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.405-408
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• 2003

The soild phase microextraction(SPME)fiber which contains 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ polydimethyl siloxane of a stationary phase was used for the analysis of volatile organic compounds contained in aqueous solution. volatile organic compounds, which were spiked in blank water and extracted by the headspace SPME techique, were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector(GC/FID). The optimu condition of SPME fiber is determined that the analytes were extracted for 40min from extracts by using PDAfS100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ fiber. This new method could have wide application for the analysis of VOCs in aqueous solution.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2013

Geosmin과 2-methyl isoborneol (2-MIB)는 먹는물에서 불쾌한 맛과 냄새를 일으키는 대표적인 물질이며, 남조류의 대사산물로 흙 냄새나 곰팡이 냄새를 내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이들 물질의 최소감지 농도는 수 ng/L 수준으로, 먹는물의 질을 관리하기 위해서는 극미량까지 분석할 수 있는 분석방법이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 물시료 중의 geosmin과 2-MIB를 headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SMPE) 법과 기체크로마토그래프/질량분석기 (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, GC/MS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 방법검출한계는 geosmin과 2-MIB에 대하여 각각 1.072 ng/L, 1.021 ng/L 값을 구할 수 있었으며, 정확도와 정밀도에서도 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 최근 낙동강에서는 남조류에 의한 수화현상이 종종 발생하고 있어, 낙동강을 상수원수로 하는 먹는물의 안정성을 확보하기 위하여 geosmin과 2-MIB의 농도를 조사할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 남조류가 번성한 시기에 낙동강 원수에 대하여 geosmin과 2-MIB의 농도를 조사한 결과, 각각 4~24 ng/L, 6~16 ng/L의 농도로 검출되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2011

Methyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether 그리고 isobutyl vinyl ether 등의 alkyl vinyl ether는 화학 및 의약산업에서 용매와 합성중간체로 널리 사용된다. 최근 들어 alkyl vinyl ether는 고분자 전해질막 연료 전지에 대한 원료와 셀룰로오스의 염색가공에 선호되나, 공정 및 운전변수의 최적화를 위한 alkyl vinyl ether계의 혼합물성은 극히 일부가 보고되고 있고, propyl vinyl ether(PVE)에 대한 상평형과 물성 데이터는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 {PVE + ethanol + benzene} 삼성분계 333.15 K에서 기액평형을 headspace gas chromatography (HSGC)을 이용하여 측정하였고 Wilson, NRTL 및 UNIQUAC 식에 상관시켰다. 또한 삼성분계를 구성하는 혼합물성으로써 {PVE + ethanol}, {ethanol + benzene} 그리고 {PVE + benzene}계에 대한 과잉부피($V^E$) 및 굴절율 편차(${\Delta}R$)를 303.15 K에서 측정하였다. 측정된 이성분계 혼합물성은 Redlich-Kister 다항식을 이용하여 매개변수를 상관시켰으며, 이를 이용하여 Radojkovi 식으로 삼성분계 혼합물성을 예측하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.444-448
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• 1993

${\alpha}-Tocopherol$, BHA, TBHQ, rosemary extract나 defatted ricebran extract가 첨가된 팜유에서 튀겨진 라면을 $65^{\circ}C$에 저장하는 동안 생성되는 flavor 화합물(pentane, hexane, hexanal 및 total volatile)을 static headspace gas chromatography법에 의해 살펴보았다. 사용된 산화방지제의 농도는 튀김유를 기준으로 100 또는 200ppm이었으며 tocopherol의 경우 300ppm이 추가되었다. Tocopherol은 100 또는 200ppm 농도로 사용되었을 때 라면에서의 모든 flavor 화합물 생성을 억제하였으며 그 정도는 100ppm이 200ppm에 비하여 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 300ppm tocopherol은 오히려 $65^{\circ}C$에 저장중인 라면에서의 flavor 화합물 생성을 촉진하였다. BHA와 TBHQ는 100ppm 농도로 첨가된 경우 라면의 flavor 화합물 생성억제에 기여를 하였으나 200ppm 경우 오히려 촉진하였다. Rosemary extract와 defatted ricebran extract는 100 혹은 200ppm 농도에 상관없이 라면에서의 flavor 화합물 생성을 억제하였는데 억제효과는 tocopherol과 비슷하고 TBHQ 보다 우수하여 새로운 천연 산화방지제로서의 가능성을 기대한다.