• Food Industry And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2006

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.543-552
• /
• 2019

Fusarium asiaticum of the F. graminearum species complex causes head blight in small-grain cereals. The nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes of F. asiaticum is more common than the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes of F. asiaticum or F. graminearum in Korea. To understand the prevalence of F. asiaticum-NIV in Korean cereals, we characterized the biological traits of 80 cereal isolates of F. asiaticum producing NIV or 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 54 F. graminearum with 3-ADON or 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). There was no significant difference in mycelial growth between the chemotypes, but F. asiaticum isolates grew approximately 30% faster than F. graminearum isolates on potato dextrose agar. Sexual and asexual reproduction capacities differed markedly between the two species. Both chemotypes of F. graminearum (3-ADON and 15-ADON) produced significantly higher numbers of perithecia and conidia than F. asiaticum-NIV. The highest level of mycotoxins (sum of trichothecenes and zearalenone) was produced by F. graminearum-3-ADON on rice medium, followed by F. graminearum-15-ADON, F. asiaticum-3-ADON, and F. asiaticum-NIV. Zearalenone levels were correlated with DON levels in some chemotypes, but not with NIV levels. Disease assessment on barley, maize, rice, and wheat revealed that both F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates were virulent toward all crops tested. However, there is a tendency that virulence levels of F. asiaticum-NIV isolates on rice were higher than those of F. graminearum isolates. Taken together, the phenotypic traits found among the Korean F. asiaticum-NIV isolates suggest an association with their host adaptation to certain environments in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.194-198
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to identify the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate for improving rice quality in tidal reclaimed area, at the Gyehwado substation of the Honam Agricultural Research Institute during 2002-2(103. The experimental fields contained 0.1% (low salinity) and 0.3-0.4% (medium salinity) Nacl in soil solution. Plant height at panicle formation stage was tall ay heavy nitrogen level and the effect of heavy nitrogen was higher in low than in high soil salinity condition. Heading date was not affected by applied nitrogen levels from 8 to 16 kg/10a in low soil salinity condition but it was one day later in 24 kg/10a nitrogen level when compared with the standard nitrogen level,20 kg/10a. In middle soil salinity condition, the heading date was one day earlier in 8 to 16 kg/10a and similar in 24 kg/10a, when compared with 20 kg/10a nitrogen level. And also it was four days later in middle than in low soil salinity condition. In low soil salinity condition, grain number $\textrm{m}^2$ increased but ripened grain ratio decreased as the nitrogen application increased and finally, milled rice yield was not different among heavy nitrogen application levels compared with 12 kg/10a. Head rice ratio was high and protein content was low in 12 kg/10a or lower nitrogen level. In middle soil salinity condition, grain number $\textrm{m}^2$ increased and ripened grain ratio was not affected as the nitrogen application increased. And finally, milled rice yield increased with increasing nitrogen application levels, Head rice ratio was high and protein content was not affected by nitrogen application levels. Therefore, on the basis of milled rice yield and rice grain quality inreclaimed land, the appropriate nitrogen application level would be 12 kg/10a in low soil salinity condition and 20 kg/10a in middle soil salinity condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2006

The primary concern on fertilizer recommendations on paddy soils in Korea is not high rice yield but high rice quality, sustainable rice yield, and less environmental loads these days. Based on soil survey data, the paddy soils in Korea were classified into five large management types ; normal, sandy, immatured, poorly drained, saline soil. In order to establish the optimum level of nitrogen fertilizer to increase the rate of head rice yield, field experiments were conducted at 24 farmhouses throughout the country with nitrogen fertilizer treatment levels of 0, 50, 70, 90, 110, 140, $170kg\;ha^{-1}$ from 2003 to 2004. As the result of the experiment, the optimum rates of nitrogen fertilizer for improving rice quality were $90kg\;ha^{-1}$ in normal, sandy, and poorly drained soils, $100kg\;ha^{-1}$ in immatured soils, and $112kg\;ha^{-1}$ in saline soils where the content of NaCl in soil was below 0.1%. The optimum rates of nitrogen fertilizer were determined in view of head rice percent, protein content, and palatability value of rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 2003

Foehn damage on rice plant is one of the important abiotic stresses in eastern costal area of Korea. To know the relationship between foehn impact and morphological traits of rice, wind tunnel method was used with 106 rice cultivars. Less influencing traits on foehn were short panicle, large panicle number per hill, thin panicle neck, and the flag leaf of narrow, short and thick. Leaf pubescence reduced the impact on foehn. 'Naepungbyeo' belong-ed to foehn tolerant varietal group, while 'Ansanbyeo' belonged to the opposite group. Three levels of root cutting treatment with two rice cultivars were conducted to evaluate the foehn impact using wind tunnel. The severity of wind damages was followed the sigmoidal curve duration of wind tunnel treatment were prolonged. Different responses of root cutting to wind tunnel treatment could be used to evaluate the severity of the foehn impact. 'Naepungbyeo' was one of the less implausible cultivars on foehn. 'Nae-pungbyeo' showed tolerant response to wind under 21% root removing treat-ment (20㎝ root cutting), however 'Ansanbyeo' was wilted under the same treatment. In case of 35 % root removing treatment(10㎝ root cutting), both rice cultivars failed to alive against foehn wind.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.280-281
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2021.10a
• /
• pp.25-25
• /
• 2021

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.527-533
• /
• 2003

This experiment was conducted in 2001 to investigate the effect of four nitrogen levels (0, 5.5, 11, 16.5kg/10a) on the yield and quality of vice especially with respect to eating quality. One early-maturing variety (Daejinbyeo) and two mid-late-maturing varieties (Ilpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo) were used in this experiment. Rice yields of all varieties were increased by the higher rate of nitrogen application, mainly due to a larger number of panicles per m2. Head rice ratio was reduced significantly with an increased rate of nitrogen, while immature vice ratio was increased significantly. Increasing the nitrogen application rate, a considerable increase of protein content was found in all tested rice varieties. Palatability value of Daejinbyeo and Ilpumbyeo measured by rice taster was not affected by nitrogen application rate ranging from 0 to 11 kg/10a, but it was decreased significantly at the rate of 16.5kg/10a. In contrast, the palatability value of Chucheongbyeo was decreased significantly by increasing nitrogen application at the whole application rate. A positive correlation was found between nitrogen application rate and protein content (r=$0.88^{**}\textrm{-}0.96^{**}$), but head rice (r=$-0.84^{**}$~$-0.91^{**}$) and palatability value (r=$-0.72^{**}$~$-0.85^{**}$) showed a negative correlation with the nitrogen application rate. Regardless of the fact that eleven aroma-active volatile compounds were detected in cooked vice of Chucheongbyeo, it was concluded that the aroma-active volatile compounds of cooked rice was not affected by the different nitrogen application rate. The results of this study showed that the standard nitrogen fertilization rate of 11kg/10a could be appropriate considering both rice yield and palatability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.60 no.4
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 2015

Rural Development Administration has recently developed mid-late maturing rice cultivars with high quality. This study was conducted to select suitable mid-late maturing rice cultivar in major cultivation areas of Gangwon Province among domestic breeding cultivars for 2 years from 2013 to 2014. The average air temperature during the experiment in 2013 and 2014 was higher $0.6{\sim}1.1^{\circ}C$ in Chuncheon, $1.0{\sim}1.3^{\circ}C$ in Gangreung, and $0.1{\sim}0.7^{\circ}C$ in Cheolwon than normal year. Precipitation in ripening period was higher 52.5 mm in 2013, but lower 176.4 mm in 2014 than normal year in Chuncheon, lower 103.1 mm in 2013 and higher 42.9 mm in 2014 in Gangreung, lower 225.9~322.7 mm in Cheolwon. Duration of sunshine in ripening period was higher 142 hours in Chuncheon, 108 hours in Gangreung, and 94 hours in Cheolwon than normal year in 2013, higher 20~21 hours in Chuncheon and Gangreung, and 82 hours in Cheolwon than normal year in 2014. Milled rice yield of 'Samgwangbyeo' and 'Daebobyeo' was 594 kg per 10a, and 578 kg for 'Jinsumibyeo' in Chuncheon in plain area. For Gangreung in east coastal area, the yield of 'Daebobyeo' was 555 kg per 10a, 'Hopumbyeo' was 554 kg, and 'Chilbobyeo' was 546 kg. For Cheolwon in mid-mountainous area, the yield was 504 kg per 10a for 'Daebobyeo' and 489 kg for 'Haiamibyeo'. But there was no difference in milled rice yield among cultivars tested in the study at each area. Head rice ratio of 'Haiamibyeo', 'Jinsumibyeo', and 'Mipumbyeo' in Chuncheon was 94.2~95.6% higher than the other cultivars. In Gangreung head rice ratio of 'Hopumbyeo', 'Haiamibyeo', and 'Samgwangbyeo' were 85.2~88.3% but there was no difference among cultivars except 'Gopumbyeo' and broken rice ratio of 'Haiamibyeo', 'Samgwangbyeo', and 'Mipumbyeo' were low as 7.5~8.5% and palatability of 'Mipumbyeo' was higher than the other cultivars. Head rice ratio of 'Daebobyeo' was the highest as 89.2% and there was no difference in broken and chalky rice ratio and palatability among cultivars in Cheolwon. Considering rice yield and quality in major cultivation areas of Gangwon Province, suitable mid-late maturing rice cultivars were 'Samgwangbyeo', 'Haiamibyeo', and 'Jinsumibyeo' in Chuncheon, 'Daebobyeo' and 'Chilbobyeo' in Gangreung, and 'Daebobyeo' and 'Haiamibyeo' in Cheolwon. The results obtained in the study imply that the selected cultivars with high yield and quality and suitability to Chuncheon, Gangreung, and Cheolwon, respectively could be recommended to rice cultivating farmers in the regions with high priority.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 1977

Two sample varieties of Yushin and Jinheung were used for the experiment in low-level wetty paddy field which was arranged with PVC pipe underdrainage of 6m in distance and 60cm, 90cm, and 120cm in depth and control, using sprit plot design with three replications. On the yield of brown rice, Yushin was increased by 24.8% in the 90cm plot and Jinheung by 16.7% in the 120cm plot, respectively, over the control. The ratio of matured grains of these two varieties was increased significantly by the underdrainage and the number of grains per head of Yushin was also increased in drained plots. Otherwise, the underdrainage enhanced the plant height in the early growth of rice plant and further increased the culm height and panicle length. It seemed that these results might enhance the light-receiving effciency in the latter growth of rice plant and bring about the effect fo increased yields by the underdrainage.