• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 1995

The laryngeal cancer is a cancer of secondary sex organ, such as malignant tumors of the mammary gland, endometrium, and prostate. The clinical characteristics of the female laryngeal cancers are considered somewhat to be different from that of male. As cancer of the larynx is principally a disease of men, many investigations have showed the characteristics of the male laryngeal cancers. For understanding the clinical characteristics of the female laryngeal cancers, we analyzed 21 cases of laryngeal cancer in women, diagnosed and treated in our institute during the last 10 years. The results were, 1) In female subjects, supraglottis was most common subsite of laryngeal cancer(85.7%). 2) On histopathologic grade, the moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (80.9%). 3) The positive neck nodes were 19 %, considered to be lower than that of total laryngeal cancer. 4) The treatment results, the 2 year disease free rate and 5 year survival rate were 88.9%, 83.3%, respectively. These results suggest, therefore, female laryngeal cancers are more likely to be supraglottic cancer than glottic cancer. In spite of high incidence of supraglottic cancer, the nodal metastases are rare, the prognosis appeared to be good.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.537-550
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• 2014

The actual burden of head and neck cancer in India is much greater than reflected through the existing literature and hence can be regarded as a 'tip of iceberg' situation. This has further been evident by the recent reports of 'Net-based Atlas of Cancer in India'. South-east Asia is likely to face sharp increases of over 75% in the number of cancer deaths in 2020 as compared to 2000. Since the percentage increase of Indian population has been nearly twice that of the world in last 15 years there is a likelihood of increase in cancer burden with the same proportion. The distribution of population based cancer registries is grossly uneven with certain important parts of the country being not represented at all and hence the current cancer burden is not reflected by registry data. However, the pathetic situation of health care system in major parts of the country as also emphasized by the World Bank, is not suitable to provide anywhere near accurate data on cancer burden. Head and neck cancer (including thyroid lesions) is third most common malignancy seen in both the sexes across the globe but is the commonest malignancy encountered in Indian males. Also oral cavity cancer is the most prevalent type amongst the males and one of the highest across the globe. This article reviews the latest global and national situation with an especial emphasis on head and neck cancer. Furthermore this review focuses on burden in different sub sites at national and global levels.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.637-643
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• 2018

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a therapy that takes advantage of the "cross-fire" effect of emitted radiation by radionuclides conjugated to tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (including those fragments) or peptides. While RIT has been successfully employed for the treatment of lymphoma, mostly with radiolabeled antibodies against CD20 [$^{90}yttrium$ ($^{90}Y$)-ibritumomab tiuxetan; $Zevalin^{(R)}$ and $^{131}iodine$ ($^{131}I)-tositumomab$; $Bexxar^{(R)}$], its use in solid tumors is more challenging, so far. Immuno-PET, a tool for tracking and quantification of mAbs with PET in vivo, is an exciting novel option to improve diagnostic imaging and guide mAb-based therapy. RIT in solid tumors including head and neck cancer may be an alternative treatment with advances in various biological, chemical, and treatment procedures, and it may help to reduce unnecessary exposure and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Also, immuno-PET based on RIT might play an important role in cancer staging, in patients or targets selection of targeted therapeutics and in monitoring the response of targeted therapeutics as precision medicine. In this review, fundamentals of RIT/immune-PET and current knowledge of the preclinical/clinical trials in RIT for solid tumor including head and neck cancer are reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2007

Objectives and Background : Aims of this studies are to collect and analyze the lawful restriction against cancer registration and to suggest the model promoting the cancer registry. Materials and Methods : Total 16 countries, the members of OECD, including the U.S. are evaluated. the status of cancer registration of the evaluated countries are analyzed. The legislated laws, protect the individual's information, of the evaluated countries are analyzed. The cases any registries were impaired with the law to protect privacy are searched and analyzed. Results : All of the evaluated countries have some kinds of privacy protecting laws. For cancer registration, 11 of 16 countries implement some lawful authorities. Some of countries have experienced restriction of registration by the law of protecting individual's health data. All countries have performed cancer registry and 6 of 16 countries have nearly 100% population-based cancer registration. Conclusions : The cancer registry has to be the national effort. The informed consent of the data subjects and the permission of any special institutes are the difference to perform the registration. So, it is necessary to legislate any law supporting the cancer registration and establish any independent institutes to protect the individual's health data and support the cancer registry.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1988

Brachytherapy is known to be a good modality to achieve local control as a boost treatment following limited external irradiation, which may reduce the external beam related acute radiation sickness, particularly in head and neck cancer. The authors developed iridium-192 ribbons recently to replace the radium needles. Total of 13 head and neck cancer patients had been treated with Ir-192 ribbons during last one year from October 1986 to September 1987, and the results were analysed to assess the applicability of the fabricated sources. The conclusion is as follows; 1) Iridium implant achieved 54% (7/13) of complete response and 69% (9/13) of overall response rate in head and neck cancer. 2) Iridium is superior to radium and cecium in brachytherapy because of easier to use and lesser exposure to the personnel. 3) Afterloading technique is useful to modify dose distribution, to expand treatment site and method, and to develop interstitial hyperthermia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2018

Head and neck cancer patients are prone to dysphagia and aspiration, which are usually neglected due to treatment of the cancer itself. However, dysphagia and aspiration could cause malnutrition, dehydration, pneumonia, and moreover, have negative impact on the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Due to its multifactorial etiology, thorough clinical and instrumental evaluation are necessary. In managing head and neck cancer patients, it has become very important to identify the possibility of dysphagia and aspiration, and to start management as early as possible.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2018

Metastases to regional cervical lymph nodes occur frequently in patients with thyroid cancer. The appropriate management of regional lymph node is important to achieve good disease control and to classify risk stratification for adjuvant radioactive iodine. However, there are some occasions that neck dissection is difficult and embarrassing in thyroid cancer. Especially, extensive or unusual nodal metastases bring challenges and makes neck dissection more difficult. Carotid artery management is one of the most difficult procedure in neck dissection. The management of patients who have persistent or recurrent cervical metastasis involving the carotid artery has been controversial and treatment dilemma to the surgeon. Metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancer to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes is rare but occasionally encountered. The complete surgical excision is usually recommended for retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancer. An extensive mediastinal dissection in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma is occasionally required. This paper will review recent reports of management of advanced nodal metastasis of thyroid cancer and share the author's personal experience.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.449-454
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• 2019

Background Most patients with head and neck cancer successfully undergo oncologic resection followed by free or local flap reconstruction, depending on the tumor's size and location. Despite effective curative resection and reconstruction, head and neck cancer patients still face a high risk of recurrence and the possibility of a second primary cancer. Moreover, surgeons hesitate to perform sequential reconstruction following curative resection for several reasons. Few large-scale studies on this subject are available. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the outcome of sequential head and neck reconstruction to determine the possible risks. Methods In total, 467 patients underwent head and neck reconstruction following cancer resection at our center from 2008 to 2017. Of these cases, we retrospectively reviewed the demographic and clinical features of 58 who had sequential head and neck reconstruction following resection of recurrent cancer. Results Our study included 43 males (74.1%) and 15 females (25.9%). The mean age at the initial operation was $55.4{\pm}15.3years$, while the mean age at the most recent operation was $59.0{\pm}14.3years$. The interval between the first and second operations was $49.2{\pm}62.4months$. Twelve patients (20.7%) underwent surgery on the tongue, and 12 (20.7%) had procedures on the oropharynx. Thirty-four patients (58.6%) received a sequential free flap reconstruction, and 24 patients (41.4%) were treated using locoregional flaps. No cases of flap failure occurred. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients who need additional operations with recurrent head and neck cancer could optimally benefit from sequential curative resections and reconstructions.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2015

Cystic lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) which presumed to be mainly originated from oropharynx including Waldeyer's ring may present as a benign cystic mass on lateral neck such as branchial cleft cyst. Branchial cleft cyst is one of the most common lateral neck cystic mass which may result in regional infection or lymph adenopathy. Many of previously reported literatures showed the incidence of cystic lymph node metastasis from oropharynx including Waldeyer's ring. Preoperative imaging studies and fine needle aspiration cytology cannot provide the accurate results until excision of cystic mass for the diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Recently, we experienced the rare case of cystic lymph node metastasis from ipsilateral tonsil, which mimicked infected 2nd branchial cleft cyst. Thus, we reported our experience with presentation of case and review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1991

Cystic metastasis in the neck from pharyngeal cancer has often been mistaken for either primary squamous cell carcinoma of branchiogenic origin or branchial cleft cyst. The distinctive histological and clinical features of cystic metastasis reviewed after its correct indentification can lead to the discovery of an unsuspected primary lesion and result in specific treatment options. Recendy, the authors experienced three cases of cystic metastasis in the neck from pharyngeal cancer ; one was from nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and the other two were from tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas. This report summarizes our experiences and review of the literatures.