• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1098-1113
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• 2021

Maturation process of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) could be prevented by the reduction of lignin content in terms of conventional breeding or transgenic technology. Alfalfa could exhibit higher leaf/stem ratio, with a concern of yield loss. The objective of this study was to compare forage yield and nutritive value of low lignin alfalfa and two reference varieties subjecting to two harvest intervals and three seeding rates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replicates, where harvest intervals (28-day and 35-day) were assigned to whole plots, seeding rates were subplots, and varieties were sub-subplots. The weighted mean nutritive value was applied to two production years of 2016 and 2017. Hi-Gest 360 (low lignin alfalfa) provided similar yield potential and increased nutritive value compared to two reference varieties. Over a two-year production period, alfalfa harvested at every 28-day interval provided more economic returns than those at 35-day interval. For the seeding year and first production year, five cuts made by the 28-day interval produced more yield than four cuts by the 35-day interval. Due to limited rainfall in May 2017, a sharp drop of the first cutting overturned the advantage of the five-cut system. Shorter intervals between harvests generally increased crude protein (CP) concentrations. The differences of relative feed value (RFV) between two harvest intervals tended to be great during the first and second cuttings. Overall, harvest interval had a large effect on nutritive value and a more significant effect on alfalfa dry matter yield than variety selection. Seeding rate did not affect alfalfa yield and nutritive value.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2022

The research was aimed to improve pre-harvest methods to maintain marketability in postharvest leaf lettuce. In this study, the effect of hydroponics on the growth and post-harvest storage characteristics of 'Chongchima' lettuce grown in peat mass medium hydroponic system using a non-powered culture device or deep water culture (DWC) was evaluated. There was no difference in fresh weight, leaf number, SPAD, moisture content, and C/N ratio between peat moss growing medium hydroponic and DWC methods except plant height. It was found that lettuce cultivation by a nonpowered hydroponics method is easier than the existing DWC. The quality parameters, such as fresh weight loss, SPAD value, and general appearance of lettuce were investigated after harvest. There was no significant difference in fresh weight loss and general appearance during storage of lettuce by the hydroponics methods. However, with the increased storage time of SPAD, which is related to chlorophyll content, was slightly higher in peat moss medium hydroponic was than DWC. When crops such as lettuce are grown under favorable conditions without any agronomic abnormalities, it is suggested that post-harvest storage is not significantly affected by peat moss growing medium hydroponic and DWC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the relative quality of mungbeans harvested in bulk after applying a labor-saving cultivation (LSC) method, compared to mungbeans harvested three different times under the conventional cultivation condition. There was no significant difference in starch, crude protein, and vitexin or isovitexin content of seed according to the cropping system or harvest time. The mungbeans grown under the LSC method had the highest crude fat content, followed by mungbeans from the third-, the second- and the first-harvest mungbeans under the conventional cultivation. No significant difference was found in the composite ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids according to cropping system or harvest time. The second-harvest mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation condition had 17 different types of fatty acids, while the third-harvest mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation and those grown under the LSC condition had the fewest types of fatty acids with 12. Of the major saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid and arachidonic acid had the highest composite ratio in the first conventional cultivation followed by the second, the third and the LSC. However, stearic acid showed the opposite tendency. Of the major unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid had the highest composite ratio in the first conventional cultivation, followed by the second and third conventional cultivation and the LSC. Amylogram characteristics of the mungbeans were significantly different according to cropping system and harvest times. The mungbeans harvested after the first conventional cultivation had significantly higher pasting temperature, peak viscosity, holding strength viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown, while mungbeans harvested after the third conventional cultivation had significantly higher setback viscosity. In contrast, the mungbeans harvested under the LSC methods had a significantly lower amylogram value. When harvest rate, color values and amino acid content of sprout were measured, mungbeans grown under the LSC conditions had a low harvest rate of sprout, but had Hunter's color values and amino acid content of sprout similar to those of mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.104-107
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• 2005

This survey was conducted to know the post-harvest bulk treatment system for barley, The tendency of barley-bulk treatment in 4 RPC was gradually increased up to 4,458 ton in 2001, but after that time, the amounts was decreased 1,0731on in 2003. There was the big difference on the circulated and the continued systems that was the kinds of drying system they use. The barleys, the harvest and the conveyance method was different on RPCs. Naked barley was only treated, and $90\%$ barley was harvested by the consignment in J RPC, otherwise unhulled barley was treated, and there did not used the consignment in S RPC. Small and mulit combine was used to harvest, and the ratio of bulk was up to $90\%$ in J RPC, but small combine was only used and ratio of bulk was at most $5\%$ in S RPC. It was sell by 1kg in polished and 40kg unpolished barley around year in J RPC, but it was sell by bulk to september in S RPC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2008

To determine an optimum harvest time for chinese milk vetch (CMV) seed production, the seeds were harvested at 4 times, according to 25, 30, 35, and 40 day after flowering (DAF), in Miryang, southern part of Korea. CMV plants were manually harvested at each time and seed threshing was done by rice threshing machine. Seed yield, 1,000-seed weight, germinability, and hard coat ratio were investigated. Seed yield was the highest, 53.9 kg/300 kg by dry weight (DW) of CMV plant, at 35 DAF. 1,000-seed weight increased according to seed harvest time from 25 DAF to 40 DAF when it was 3.10 g. The germination ratios of seeds harvested at 4 times were not significantly different when the seeds stored until August 1. In case of long period of CMV seeds stored, the seeds harvested later showed higher germination rate. On the other hand, because the hard coat ratio causing germination inhibition was declined with an increase of storage period, it was higher in the seeds harvested later. There was no difference among the seeds harvested at 4 times at October 1. In conclusion, it was presumed that an optimum harvest time for CMV seed production should be at 35 DAF considering seed yield, weight and germinability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 1990

Currently, mechanization and automation have been introduced into rice harvest and drying process due to the shortage of man power. After rice cultivars, Chucheong and Milyang #23 were cutted with manual method (H1) or harvested with combine (H2), the threshed grain were dried in natural sun-drying (D1), in natural air in-bin system (D2), or in contineous hot-air drier (D3). We have evaluated grain losses, operation hour, and grain quality on each harvest and drying methods. Shattering loss during harvesting with combine was not dirfered significant from that of manual method, but threshing loss was 1.2% higher in combine harvest than in manual. Operation hours required for combine harvest was 3.5 times faster than for manual, even without head threshing. There was a significant difference bel ween cultivars in harvesting loss, which Milyang #23, a Tongil rice had two times more grain loss than Chucheong, a Japonica rice. Drying hours required to reduce to 14% grain moisture content were ten days for H1D1, 5-9 days for H2 D1, 2-3 days for H2D2, and only 15 hours for H2D3, respectively. In grain quality, complete grain ratio after dehulling was decreased about four percent in H2D3 compared to H1D1. while it was lower in Milyang #23 than in Chucheong, Hot-air drier increased occurence of cracked and broken grain. Combine harvest increased significantly these incomplete grain ratio of :Milyang #23, but not Chucheong.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The productivity and quality of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) greatly depend on the number of fruits in a plant. Especially, fruit set more than appropriate number negatively affects productivity and marketability due to the increased number of small fruits and delayed harvest time. This study was conducted to investigate proper timing and concentration for applying chemical blossom thinners such as ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and UREA. METHODS AND RESULTS: ATS at 1.25% and 1.50%, and UREA at 6% and 8% were applied in four developmental stages, bud swell, pink bud, full bloom and petal fall. Fruit thinning rate was calculated based on the number of fruits harvested divided by that of flowers before applying blossom thinners. Ratios of leaf to flower and leaf to fruit were calculated based on the number of fully developed leaves in 25 days after full blossom divided by that of flowers or fruits, respectively. Chemical injury of leaves was investigated by calculating the number of leaves with chemical injury divided by the total number of leaves. Fruit thinning rates were 48% and 66% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 62% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, fruit thinning rates were 18% and 24% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 35% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively. Leaf to fruit ratio (L/FR) increased by 109% and 188% compared to leaf to flower ratio in ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, and L/FR increased 93 and 196% in UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, leaf to fruit ratio increased by 60% to 100% in ATS treatments, but did not significantly differ from the control in UREA treatments. Fruit harvest was delayed in all treatments of all developmental stages except for 1.5% ATS and 6% UREA treatments at the petal fall stage, whose fruit harvest was two or three days faster than the control. CONCLUSION: The application of ATS and UREA for blossom thinning should be in the petal fall and full bloom stages for early and late harvest, respectively. Considering chemical injury, integrated harvesting and fruit size, however, it is appropriate to apply ATS at 1.5% in the petal fall stage to increase fruit productivity and quality in blueberry.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.34-38
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• 2016

This study was performed to determine most appropriate mixed ratio of brewers dried grain to wheat bran as a nutrient supplement in the plastic vinyl bag cultivation of Grifola frondosa. In the examination of an appropriate nutrient source, the IV substrate formulation (80 : 10 : 10, oak sawdust : wheat bran : brewers dried grain) resulted in 71.6 days to harvest and the highest yield of 142.6 g/bag. On the other hand, the investigation of the optimal mixing ratio of beer waste to wheat bran showed that the III substrate formulation (80 : 5 : 15, oak sawdust : wheat bran : brewers dried grain) resulted in the least days to harvest (61.8 days), with the highest yield of 140.8 g/bag.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.517-526
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• 2023

The harvest time of the late-ripening 'Fuji' apple (Malus × domestica) is variable, depending on the coloration of the fruit skin. Ethephon, a plant growth regulator, promotes the ethylene production and induces physiological responses associated with fruit maturation in climacteric fruit crops, such as apples. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethephon treatment on fruit characteristics after fruit enlargement, with the objective of proposing an economical and stable harvest control method for 'Fuji'/M.26 apples. Fruit characteristics were assessed at 10-days intervals following the application of 100 mg/L ethephon and mixture of 100 mg/L ethephon and 0.5% CaCl₂ at 145 days after full bloom (DAFB). Starch contents of ethephon-treated (ET) and ethephon with CaCl₂-treated (EC) apples began to decrease from 155 DAFB, and the starch contents of ET and EC at 10 days before harvest were similar to those of control at harvest time. Red coloration of fruit skin in EC was lower compared to ET but higher than control. The average fruit firmness was low in ET, while the control and EC exhibited similar levels of firmness. Fruit sugar acid ratios did not show significant differences between treatments. However, the titratable acidity of EC was significantly lower than that of the control at 10 days before harvest. Moreover, fruit sugar acid ratio of ET and EC at 10 days before harvest in 2021 was similar to their sugar acid ratio at harvest time. Therefore, it was thought that fruit maturation and skin coloration could be accelerated by 10 days from the harvest time through the combined treatment of 100 mg/L ethephon and 0.5% CaCl₂ at the end of fruit enlargement in 'Fuji'/M.26.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2019

Four rice varieties (Boseogchal for waxy, Baegjinju for medium-waxy, and Seolgaeng and Haiami for non-waxy) were milled to 2% degree of milling (DOM), and physicochemical and sensory properties of 2% milled rice (2% MR) were compared to those of brown rice (BR). No significant differences in the approximate compositions of BR and 2% MR were observed, whereas the grain color of 2% MR was slightly brighter than that of BR. For all varieties, water absorption ratio of BR was significantly increased by milling. The pasting properties of rice varied significantly depending on the variety, but there was no significant difference in peak and through viscosities between BR and 2% MR. Analysis of the texture of cooked rice showed that milling to 2% DOM caused a significant decrease in hardness, but an increase in adhesiveness and stickiness. Cooked Seolgaeng 2% MR scored significantly higher in the sensory evaluation than the corresponding BR. These results suggest that 2% DOM would be useful for improving the sensory properties of cooked non-waxy rice.