• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This research selected The Old Rectory, Sissinghurst and East Lambrook Manor as a case study location that is meaningful to discuss potager garden, herb garden and harvest garden, which is a topic of productive garden. This research focuses on the growth potential of Korea's rural house into a garden that embellishes decoration and appreciation. The application method through the interpretation of the case study location will be, first, organizing the shape of the flower bed and then adding additional materials along with the main materials. Second, it can increase the appreciation of productive garden through layering method and making it abundant. Third, it can be utilized well by pursuing artistic feature by combing unique color and texture of edible plants. Lastly, for the weakness of flat structure by short edible plants, vertical structure shall be utilized to provide decoration and frame. Also, by using natural materials, the ambiance of the garden can be presented.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of education and programs and to identify the items that urban residents need most for garden management. First of all, there were 45 sites (40.5%) with gardens operated by city and county local governments nationwide, and 41(91.1%) of them had dedicated staff (1.8 persons on average). The average area of gardens was 18,623 m², garden area per person was 20.27m², the average number of participants was 683, and the average period of use was 8.69 months. In addition to gardening activities, 14 (31.1%) out of 45 sites were operating small group meetings, with an average of 2.29 meetings and 67 participants. In the satisfaction survey after gardening activities, 88.9% of 18 sites were satisfied. According to the questionnaire about education and programs related to garden users, an average of four sessions were conducted per education. In terms of education, the contents were in the following order: basic education on garden cultivation (33.9%) > prior education on garden operation (28.9%) > pest control (14.0%) > eco-friendly management (11.6%) > pesticides and Positive List System (9.9%) > others (1.7%). Over 95% of the respondents were generally satisfied. Regarding the perception survey on which items are needed to develop garden management guidelines, the most necessary items were in the order of crop management (38.7%) > public garden etiquettes among users (27.9%) > pest control (14.4%) > weed management (13.5%) > activities using harvest (5.4%). The contents that are to be included in the guidelines were in the order of garden planning and crop selection (17.2%) > cultivation techniques and schedule (16.5%) > pest and soil management (15.7%) > introduction of garden crops and gardening models (12.7%) > garden etiquettes (10.7%). In establishing urban garden management plans by region, the results will have high utility value as the basic data for continuous garden operation by setting a direction that meets the regional characteristics as well as the needs of urban residents.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

To study the non-sprouting causes of mulberry saplings, 8 treatments, borax + lime + compost, borax, lime, Jamsi fertilizer No. 1, heavy nitrogen application, branch harvest, heavy harvest and no treatment were applied on the nursery garden. The tract used as the paddy field before sapling produced was very poor in the soil chemical and physical properties. The results were as follows; 1. The survial rates of saplings were higher than 98% in the treatments of borax, lime, Jamsi fertilizer No. 1, whereas were higher than 98% in the treatments of borax, lime, Jamsi fertilizer No. 1, whereas heavy nitrogen 59% and heavy harvest 71%. 2. The survial rate was showed deeper relationship with the chemical concentration in stem cortex than in root cortex, especially the content of B, Cu and Zn. 3. The nitrogen content in stem cortex was much higher in the heavy nitrogen treatment by 0.89%, where as 0.6∼0.7% in the other treatments. However, treatments of the heavy harvest and the branch harvest were around 5%. 4. In order to decrease the non-sprouting sapling rate, nursery garden should be good in soil chemical and physical properties. Harvest from saplings and heavy nitrogen application should be prevented and lime or Jamsi fertilizer should be applied to saplings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 1998

The construction and management of the royal garden and landscape were the most significant project in Choson Dynasty. The kind of the royal garden and landscape were the rear garden of the palace, the groves of the royal shrine and orchard, etc. As the important project of the country, these constructions were controlled by the administrative system without division into the fields of engineering, building and landscaping. The purpose of this study is to investigate the administrative system. In particular, this study is focused on the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape in Hanyang from the 18th century to the late 19th century. This study is based on the analysis of historic documents and a survey of the relics. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The administrative system of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape was composed of the government offices under Industry Board as a permanent organization - Yongjosa, Santaeksa, Chunchonsa, Songonggam, Changwonso - and Togam as a temporary organization. In addition to these organizations, there were Revenue Board, Ceremony Board, Military Board, which served as supporting organizations. The control of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape was held by decision makers, executors of works and management. 2) The general process of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape included Sangji and Kyuho다 as the first step; In case of buildings and facilities, according to former examples and drawings, the most of the planning and design was already fixed. In the case of landscape, those things aimed at construction according to the existing lie of the land. The works in the 2nd step; This process was divided into the construction of facilities and planting. In case of construction of facilities, those works were done by Togam and Songonggam. The high cost works were carried out through Togam and normal repairing works were completed by Songonggam. In case of planting, those works were carried out through Chunchonsa and the military. The management in the 3rd step; This process was done by two parts like the process of works. In case of facilities, management was done 효 the officers of Pongshim. In case of groves of newly - planted trees, this management was done by Tongsanbyonlgam and Tongsanjik who served cultivation and harvest of fruit trees as an expert.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.237-246
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to construct a program for mental health of elderly women and to verify its effectiveness. Researchers in order to verify the effectiveness of this research, a garden cultivation program was conducted for 14 elderly women, and the effectiveness was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, In quantitative analysis, nonparametric statistical methods were used, and in qualitative analysis, the content of interviews was written and analyzed. As a result, the mental health of elderly women who participated in garden cultivation programs improved. In particular, in qualitative analysis through interviews, garden cultivation gave participants a chance to escape boredom, motivated them to hang out with others. In addition, the harvest that the participants gained through their efforts, for the participants, fulfillment and unconditional sharing delighted them, indicating a positive change in the mental health of elderly women.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.659-672
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• 2008

There is a need to develop diverse cultivation species with reference to the favorites and farming experiences of allotment garden participants, in addition to the crops being cultivated in the gardens. In this study, therefore, a survey on the status of cultivation and the demand for herb crops for the garden participants was conducted. Current trend of the programmes related to allotment garden for city dwellers, executed by various relevant organizations was analyzed. A questionnaire was accomplished by adult participants experiencing farming in allotments. Likewise, interview with farm proprietors was conducted. The results showed that the number of crop species cultivated in allotments was about ten species. The purchase of seeds and nursery plants was mainly dependent on the farmland proprietors. The selection of the crops was made by both wife and husband. The status of herb utilization indicated that 5.7% of participants were cultivating or had cultivated herb plants. Sixty-two percent of participants were not cultivating herb plants because they did not know how. The purposes of using herbs were for medicine and beauty (22.0%), for spices (22.0%) and for enjoyment (29.0%). Thirty-four percent (34.0%) of participants were interested or would like to use the herbs in the future for medicine and beauty, 39.0% for spices and 31.7% for enjoyment. It is expected that the demand for herbs would increase. Also, 78.3% of participants had the intension or had taken into consideration to cultivate the herb plants, if the farmland proprietors would provide the plants. And, they had interest in planting, management and post harvest utilization and if a reference material would be provided as well. An approach to plant new crops might be possible to those who have more than four years of farming experience and possess relatively high level of cultivation techniques. In conclusion, the favorable crop cultivation strategy corresponding to the participants' abilities; and rental process were essential for the sustainable operation of allotment gardens and expanded number of participants. Moreover, there is a need to pay attention to the city dwellers who have a lot of farming experiences in allotment gardens to maintain agriculture and rural community. This is so, because they are interested in agriculture and rural community and most of them replied that they had intentions to move to rural areas in the future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.159-164
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• 2007

Pea weevil was easily observed in the flower and pod of garden pea, but not observed in soybean at various locations in Yeongnam district through 2001 to 2003. Number of pea weevil observed in pea flower was the highest at Milyang (20), followed by Yangsan (15), Sacheon (14) and Changnyong (13), and was the lowest at Pohang (3). On the other hand, number of pea weevil observed in pea pod was the highest at Tongyeong (192), followed by Changnyong (171), Sacheon (157) and Changwon (138), and was the lowest at Pohang (12) which showed simila. tendency with the result of pea flower. Number of pea weevil occurrence observed in pea pod after one and two times applications of Insecticides in pea field were different at harvest day of 30th May while were not significantly different at harvest day of 5th June. Likewise, number of pea pod damage after one and two times applications of insecticides were different at harvest day of 10th May while was not different at harvest day of 5th June. Thus, control efficacies of insecticides according to application times against pea weevil showed very high with above 95% at harvest day of 6th June while showed variable control efficacies at harvest of 30th May.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.62-77
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the Confucian-oriented agriculture phase of the Joseon Dynasty, which was reflected at the palaces, by analyzing constructional aspects and spatial characteristics of farmlands at the palace rear gardens. The objective sites were the rear gardens of Gyeongbok Palace, Changkyung Palace, and the outside of Sinmoomoon(神武門) This study was based on literature reviews. The farmlands at the palace rear garden were constructed to self-estimate the year's harvest condition within the palaces. It was a part of the agriculture encouragement policy on governing the group of Joseon like publishing the Nongsajiksul(農事直說) and establishing the Chingyeongnye(親耕禮: king's own cultivation ceremony) and Kikokje(祈穀祭: the rite of praying for grain). In addition, farmlands of the rear garden were operated from the beginning of the state almost until the Japanese colonial era. The results were summarized as follows: First, Gyeongbok Palace rear garden's farmland which begin at the reign of Sejong(世宗) existed at the present Hyangwonji(香遠池) area. It was constructed in order to check the advanced agricultural technologies. The rear garden's farmland in Changkyung Palace, which was executed during the reign of Seongjong(成宗), was constructed right after the initial Chingyeongnye of the Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, it might be understood as the context of the king's own cultivation of the Jeokjeonchinkyung(籍田親耕). Injo(仁祖) dug for farmland in the ground of the Gyemgdeok Palace(慶德宮) though there was some stay palace, when his stay dragged out for too long. This bespeaks that those farmlands at the palace rear gardens were of great importance in the Joseon political history. The farmland near Gyeongnongjae(耕農齋), which was made during the reign of Gojong(高宗), inherited predecessor's walks of the promoting agriculture and exhibited spatial compositions such as the rear garden's farmland at Changkyung Palace. Secondly, irrigation, its water systems, the name of observatory to study farming[觀耕臺] and location requirements for farmland had something in common. It was assumed as universal forms of physiocracy-space in the Joseon Dynasty. In this study, by considering aspects of operating about vegetable garden managed by eunuchs and of the orchard in palace to cultivate fruits for national ceremonies, it could be assumed that landscape architecture of royal palace in the Joseon Dynasty did not only focus on solemnity, orderliness and fanciness but also on the practical and productive which was helpful in life. In addition, the diverse activities of productive landscape architecture led by the royal family in palaces, and the initiatively tested advanced agricultural technologies by the king were considered as an aspect of the Korean traditional specific royal palace landscape architecture. That is considered sole landscape not only to love of the people but also the 'agriculture-first' principle which were absent from other nations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.133-148
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• 1995

This study was carried out to provide behavioral data for its planning and management of civic garden through the evaluation of user's motivation & satisfaction. The civic gardens around Seoul were surveyed. The site are located in Kwangtan-myeon, Sudong-myeon, Wonsam-myeon, Nam-myeon, Buknae-myeon, and Jumdong-myeon, A total of 244 questionnaires were completed by mail questionnaires. The results are as follows: 1. 82 percentage of users are in thirties or fourties most of them have children who go to the elementary school. 50 percentage of users are just typical house wifes. 74 percentage of users graduated form university. 60 percentage of users live in lofty apartment buildings. 2. As a result from factor analysis, their motivations are categorized into four fator groups.: 'to experience nature', 'weekend recreation', 'nostalgia', 'to provide their old parent's sparetime'. And their satisfactions are categorized into eleven fator groups.: 'psychological/intellectual component', 'recreational components', 'instruction/management', 'facility'. 'vegetable cultivation', 'social contact', 'crowing', 'aesthetic component', 'family contact', 'the terms of lease', 'visition time'. 3. The user of civic garden can be divided into four user groups by their motivation. CLUSTER1 can represent the user group who have motivations for 'leisure, relaxation'. They are considerably satisfied with all other factor 'opportunity of meeting new person'. CLUSTER2 at the age of 41 to 50 have motivation for 'health, nostalgia'. CLUSTER3 at the age of 31 to 40 have motivation for 'harvest, experiencing nature'. CLUSTER4 at the age of more than 51 want to let their parents enjoy their sparetime. They are dissatisfied with accessibility, amount of cultivation area, crowding and overall farm management. 4. The regression analysis was employed with predicting the overall satisfaction. The results of regression analysis showed that 69% of total variances was explained by six variables: The most effective variable is 'whether visiting on weekend or weekdays', the visitors on weekdays are far more satisfied than weekend visitors because of traffic congestion, and crowding. The second source of satisfactions are 'psychological/intellectual components', they are satisfied with 'family contact', 'the terms of lease' and 'instruction in farming' are sources of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and finally 'aesthetic landscape' is the source of satisfaction. The second most important variable is psychological one. Even though the civic gardens were not well equipped, they liked the atmosphere of rural life, refreshness, nostalgia, satisfaction from cultivation plants, and sense of achievement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.22-32
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• 2011

This study explored the architectural nature, the thought reflected in the place and the 'meaning-landscape' characteristic of a place, to where a retired scholar had lived. The object of the study is the Maechun-Byulup Toesu-jeong wonlim, which consists of a summer house and a garden forest. The results of the study are as following. Toesu-jeong wonlim is located at Daejeong-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon-si. It had been built by Maechun Park Chi-Gi in 1870 for his residence after retirement. It is a villa type pavilion and a garden forest which have Banseondaegi(伴仙臺記), Banseondae-10-yeong, Toesu-jeong(退修亭) Sangryangmun, a writing dedicated when putting up the ridge beam of a wooden house), Toesu-jeong Wonwun Byeongsoseo, hanging boards and tablets with poems written on them. In the Toesu-jeong wonlim, there are various 'meaning-landscapes' such as the Maechun-Byulup, Banseondae, Yabakdam and Simjinam together with engraved calligraphy related to the landscaping culture. It is also possible to find the remains of beautiful engraving on the stones and woods at Goksoo Yoogeo(曲水流渠) that suggest the banquets they had while discussing the elegant tastes and appreciating the landscape. The Toesu-jeong wonlim consists of the Toesu-jeong area(a pavilion), the Gwanseon-jae area(a shrine) area and the Gyejeong area(a garden with a brook) area. The pedantic 'meaning-landscape' elements, as the residence of retired scholar who spent his remaining life with elegant tastes, and the expertise of Maechun Park Chi-Gi, as a landscaping architect who built a villa and a garden forest in the motif of a Taoist hermit, can be extracted through the Banseondae-10yeong. The Banseondae-10yeong is the first Toesu-jeong poem and consisting of the Samseon-dae, Sejin-dae, Samcheong-dam, Yabak-dam, Samseo, Takgeum-dam, flat stones, caves, stone sculptures and harvest. The existing vegetation and plants in the Toesu-jeong wonlim are; natural pine forest in the rear garden, zelkova trees, wild cherry trees, apricot trees and pine trees bent to the waterfront direction. Except some ornament-species and shielding-species such as the poplars, most of current trees and vegetation keep the shape of the original Toesu-jeong wonlim landscape.