• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1599-1609
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• 2020

Objective: This study was designed to determine how feeding diets differing in crude protein (CP) and undegraded intake protein (UIP) levels affected productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and the production economics of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (age = 8.2±0.5 mo; body weight = 254±16.1 kg) were assigned at random to one of three treatments (4 steers/pen; 3 pens/treatment): i) a low-CP diet (LP; control) containing 12.1% CP with 35.1% UIP, 12.0% CP with 36.8% UIP, and 12.9% CP with 48.8% UIP, in the growing, fattening, and finishing periods, respectively; ii) a high-CP, low-UIP diet (HPLU) containing 15.0% CP with 33.7% UIP, 14.0% CP with 35.7% UIP, and 13.1% CP with 46.7% UIP, respectively; and iii) a high-CP, high-UIP diet (HPHU) containing 15.0% CP with 45.8% UIP, 14.0% CP with 44.6% UIP, and 13.0% CP with 51.1% UIP, respectively. Results: The treatments did not affect feed intake and growth performance, except for average daily gain during the fattening period that tended to be the lowest (p = 0.08) in the HPLU-fed steers. The feed CP conversion ratio over the entire feeding period was higher with high-CP diets. The treatments did not affect most blood metabolites; however, blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations during the fattening and finishing periods were the lowest in steers fed a HPLU diet. The treatments had negligible effects on cold carcass weight, yield traits including longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, yield index, and yield grade, plus quality traits including meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity. However, marbling score and frequency of carcass quality grade 1⁺⁺ were greater in HPHU-fed steers. Conclusion: Feeding diets with higher CP and UIP levels did not affect growth performance but tended to improve the carcass quality of Hanwoo steers, resulting in greater economic return.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1575-1581
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of microbially-fermented spent mushroom substrates (MFSMS) on weight gain, carcass characteristics, and economic efficiency of Hanwoo steers. Highly cellulolytic bacteria (Enterobacter spp. and Bacillus spp.) isolated from spent mushroom substrates (SMS) stacks were inoculated (1% v/v) into the SMS, which was anaerobically fermented and fed to the steers for 12.6 months during the growing and fattening periods. Growing Hanwoo steers were assigned to the control group without supplementation of Microbially-fermented SMS (MFSMS), to a treatment group with 50% of MFSMS (1/2 of the ad libitum group), and to a treatment group with ad libitum access to SMS (the ad libitum group). All the groups were fed the formulated feed and rice straw. The voluntary intake (DM basis) of MFSMS was 1.6 kg/d during the growing period and 1.4 kg/d during the fattening period. The voluntary rice straw intake decreased by 6 to 11%, but the total voluntary DMI increased by 7 to 15% with MFSMS fed. The increased DMI with MFSMS supplementation resulted in a tendency of increased (p = 0.055) live weight gain by 8 to 12% compared with the control group. At slaughtering, the supplementation of MFSMS increased (p<0.05) the ribeye area by an average of 10 cm2. In conclusion, feeding MFSMS improved growth performance and carcass traits of Hanwoo steers and could successfully replace a part of conventional roughage such as rice straw commonly used in Asian countries.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2004

The identification of the leptin gene in 1994 and it's adipocytes specific protein leptin hal provided the first physiological links to the regulatory system controlling body weight and fat deposits. The meat tastes is mainly determined by quantifY and quality of triglyceride stored in adipose tissue. This study was conducted to analyze genetic cbaracteristics of Hanwoo leptin gene and also to investigate the association of DNA marlcer with some economic meat traits for Hanwoo. The leptin hormone gene polymorphisms were identified by digestion with Kpn2 I and Msp I. Slaughter weight(SWI), slaughter peroentage(SP), longissimus muscle area(LMA), beef marbling score(MS) and back fat thickness(BF) were compared among three genotypes by P(R..RFlJ> and showed significant differences among genotypes. PCR-RFLP(Kpn2 I) were detected significant for SP, MS and BF. The allele was essociated with fatter carcasses and C allele with leaner carcasses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

Growth Hormone (GH) gene is a member of gene family through the evolutionary process from a small common ancestral gene by a series of gene duplications. The role of the GH in growth and performance controls has been extensively studied in human, mice and livestock. Many researchers have considered GH as a strong candidate gene for evaluation of genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with economic traits in cattle. We report here a novel missense mutation within the exon 5 of the bovine Growth Hormone (bGH) gene. We could amplified 522 bp fragments from eight unrelated Hanwoo cattle by PCR, then, subsequently cloned and sequenced. An Msp I RFLP corresponding to a C to T transition was observed at position 2258 nt. From this result, we could predict a missense mutation (Arg to Trp) at codon 166 in a highly conserved region among many mammals. Codominant Mendelian segregation of the two alleles, Msp I (+) and Msp I (－), was observed in two full-sib F2 families (n = 32, African taurine Bos taurus ${\times}$ African zebu Bos indicus) and eight half-sib Hanwoo families. For the availability of genetic marker, we have performed PCR-RFLP with a large number of individual animals from 15 different cattle breeds (European and Asian taurines, and African indicines). Consideration of breed frequencies of Msp I (－) allele in relation to breed type and their geographic origins, shows higher frequencies in humped breeds or Asian cattle breeds than in humpless or European breeds. This result indicates that the missense mutation can be contributed the functional significance such as the signal transduction through the receptor binding, also may be used as a marker for selection of the economic traits in Hanwoo.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.579-586
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• 2009

We have used multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR) method to study interaction effect of statistical model in general. But MDR method cannot be applied in all cases. It can be applied to the only case-control data. So, two methods are suggested E-MDR and D-MDR method using regression tree algorithm and dummy variables. We applied the methods on the identify interaction effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) responsible for longissimus mulcle dorsi area(LMA), carcass cold weight(CWT) and average daily gain(ADG) in a Hanwoo beef cattle population. Finally, we compare the results using permutation test.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented spent mushroom substrates (F-SMS) of Flammulina velutipes on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic characteristics of Hanwoo steers. A yeast strain (Saccharomyces sp. UJ14) and Bacillus strain (Bacillus sp. UJ03) isolated from fresh spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes were used as probiotics to prepare F-SMS. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (14 months old) were allocated to three dietary treatments via a randomized block design and were slaughtered at 30 months of age. These treatment groups included Control (TMR), T1 (TMR containing 10% of F-SMS) group, and T2 (TMR containing 30% of F-SMS). Body weight gain was not influenced by the experimental diets. DM and TDN intakes in the finishing period were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T1 than in other groups. CP intake was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T2 than in other groups during the whole experimental period. Among carcass traits, rib-eye area and back fat thickness tended to increase with F-SMS supplementation. The appearance rate (%) of a meat yield more than grade A was the highest in group T1. The net profits increased by 1.2% and 13.3% in groups T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, if a proper feeding program (including feed safety) can be ensured, spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes can prove to be a highly profitable feed source for Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Genetic polymorphisms of adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1) gene were screened in Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle-derived commercial (JBC-DC) populations. The ADD1 genotypes were determined using the presence/absence of 84-bp fragment at intron 7 region. The association of ADD1 genotypes for economic traits was examined in both populations. In the Hanwoo steers, ADD1 D/- carcasses showed significantly thicker backfat levels than those from WW (p<0.05). However, the thickest level of backfat appeared in WD heterozygotes, whereas thicker backfat did not appear in DD homozygotes in the JBC-DC population (p<0.05), leading to the supposition that synergic effects of alleles W and D increase backfat deposition. On the other hand, there was no association between the ADD1 genotypes and intramuscular fat deposition measured as meat quality index and marbling score. From these results, we concluded that the bovine ADD1 affected the backfat in subcutaneous tissue, rather than intramuscular fat in muscle tissue. In addition, the DD animals showed higher levels of meat color than those from W/- (p<0.05). Interestingly, a highly significant difference was found between the genotypes and carcass weights only in the JBC-DC population, and D/- animals were heavier by more than 38 kg than those from WW (p<0.001). The results of this study reveal faster growth rate and differences in steer productivity according to genotypes of the ADD1 gene. These findings demonstrate that ADD1 genotypes may effectively function as molecular genetic markers for the improvement of Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle-related crossbreeding systems.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.799-808
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• 2012

It is known that human disease and the economic traits of livestock are significantly affected by a gene combination effect rather than a single gene effect. Existing methods to study this gene combination effect have disadvantages such as heavy computing, cost and time; therefore, to overcome those drawbacks, the SNPHarvester was developed to find the main gene combinations. In this paper, we looked for gene combinations using an adjusted linear regression model. This research finds that superior gene combinations which are related to the quality of the Korean beef cattle among sets of SNPs using SNPHarvester. We also identify the superior genotypes using a decision tree that can enhance the various qualities of Korean beef among selected a SNP combination.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 2010

It is important to identify the interaction of genes about human disease and characteristic value. Many studies as like logistic analysis, have associated being pursued, but, previous methods did not consider the sub-group of the genotypes. So, QTL interactions and the GMM (genotype matrix mapping) have been developed. In this study, we detect the superior genotype combination to have an impact on economic traits of Korean cattle based on the study over GMM method. Thus, we identified interaction effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for average daily gain(ADG), marbling score (MS), carcass cold weight (CWT), longissimus muscle dorsiarea (LMA) using GMM method. In addition, we examine significance of the major genotype combination selected by implementing permutation test of the F-measure which was not obtained by Sachiko et al.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

It is commonly believed that disease of human or economic traits of livestock are caused not by single gene acting alone, but by multiple genes interacting with one an-other. This issue is difficult due to the limitations of parametric statistical method like as logistic regression for detection of gene effects that are dependent solely on interactions with other genes and with environmental exposures. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) nonparametric statistical method, to improve the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with the Hanwoo(Korean cattle) carcass cold weight, is applied and compared with ANOVA results.