• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-66
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• 2008

This research was to analyze the border signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of sea side in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. Five types of site plan of signal-fire were observed, which is circle, half-circle, oval, round-rectangular. The majorities were circle type in eastern area. 2. Plan configuration of signal-fire stand which is separated with circle, rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. The height of signal-fire stand was about $2{\sim}3m$. The diameter of signal-fire stand was $8{\sim}10m$. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 9 border singal-fire, the height of it was about $0.3m{\sim}2.5m$. 3. Trench was mainly circle type and average width was $3{\sim}4m$. However the depth was almost observed as 1m, originally, it was estimated it has more depth. 4. The height of protective wall remained until present was about 1m, the depth was about average 2.5m. 5. The storage of border signal-fire has rectangular dimension, several types of $1.8{\times}1.2m{\sim}5.7{\times}4.4m$, square(間) of $1{\times}1{\sim}2{\times}1$. The building material was stone and located below or near the signal-fire stand.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2015

A weight sensor with a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and investigated by experimentally. The sensor system consists of a 3 dB fiber coupler, a half-wave plate, and light source. Wavelength shift induced by weight acting on the polarization maintaining PCF was measured. Two types of sensor patterns, circle type and straight type, were implemented and evaluated. The sensitivity of straight line type was 680 pm/kg and the circle type was 270 pm/kg, respectively. The both types of sensors have a good sensitivity and good linearity in the wide range.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2011

Currently, the commonly used tunneling method in Korea is NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method). This method uses the rock bolt, shotcrete, and supporting system to maintain the strength of original soil and ensures the stability of tunnel by stabilizing the soil using the original strength of the soil in maximum after the excavation. In past years, wire-mesh reinforced shotcrete was common ones but currently steel-fiber reinforced shotcrete is being widely used for the tunnel construction site in Korea to save construction time with the advanced construction technology. The results further indicate that needs for the establishment of not only the specifications for shotcrete but the strengthening methods for the under reinforced shotcrete sections. Therefore, this study deals with the development of a new steel-fiber to ensure the stability of tunnels that are under reinforced with steel-fibers and to overcome the shortcomings of conventional method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.215-231
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• 2023

This study classifies short front long back skirts from the Joseon Dynasty by style type, identifies their formative characteristics based on their external morphological properties and internal composition, and examines their correlation with Korean thought. A literature review and empirical research were conducted for this study. The style of short front long back skirts is classified as inverted "b"-shaped, lower lip, wavy, trapezoid with a raised center hem, or half-circle. As such, this skirt possesses the formative properties of imbalance, variability of shape, intentional three-dimensionality, and confluence. In other words, with an imbalance resulting from the difference in length between the front and back, these skirts are characterized by variability in shape created by intentional three-dimensionality expressed as intentional three-dimensional beauty, the confluence of planes and dimensions, as well as of materials and colors. These properties are correlated with Korean ways of viewing the world. This study contributes to the development of Korean designs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1212-1218
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• 2014

This paper proposes a planar bow-tie UWB antenna by modifying the ground patch of a reference bowtie-monopole antenna satisfying low band of UWB. The proposed antenna was implemented with five-angled ground patch to be operated in whole UWB band, while the reference antenna had a ground patch of half circle type. The measured return loss satisfies less than -10 dB in 3.1~10.6 GHz, except 4.9~5.8 GHz rejection band. The measured radiation pattern is almost the same with that of the monopole antenna. The radiation gain reduction is about 8 dB at rejection band.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5419-5424
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• 2014

A weld scallop is a small quadrant or half circle type hole installed in the weld line cross area for easy welding operation. Many types of T-bars with a scallop can be welded in a block assembly stage in shipbuilding. The difficulties arise from the fact that scallops are to be filled by build-up welding after welding of the cross line is complete. In this study, a non-scallop block joint welding method was developed using special type CBM (ceramic backing material). The wedge shaped CBM was devised to insert a CBM into just the V groove of weld line cross area without weld scallop. A saw-toothed shape was adopted for easy cutting of the unnecessary part in the CBM fitting process. The applicability of the developed method was verified through welding experiments based on the yard welding conditions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 1981

The proper nozzle spacings have been tried to determined the better evenness of distribution on the development of the boom type nozzle system with three nozzles made in Korea-disk type, cap type and bolt type. The operating pressure has been changed in 7 levels ($2kg/cm^2-8kg/cm^2$) and the operating height in 3 levels (30, 40, 50cm) to find characteristics of deposit pattern and the proper spacing of each nozzle was examined and computed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The CU(%) of the deposit distribution was improved with the operating pressure of $5kg/cm^2$ or $6kg/cm^2$ in Nozzle A with 80% and Nozzle C with 83%, and $7kg/cm^2$in Nozzle B with 80% 2. The better deposit distribution was got ten at operating height 40cm with CU 86% in Nozzle A, and 50cm in both Nozzle B, C with 80% 3. The spray deposit distribution was getting of improvement with decrease of nozzle spacing, nevertheless about half diameter of the spraying circle was recommended in regard to the cost and the work performance. 4. Improvement of quality of nozzles tested in this research may be required not to be less than their CU 90% in the use as boom-type nozzle system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Crop characteristics of 179 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) resources collected in Korea were investigated in order to establish basic data for the improvement of crop breeding. Spike types of 179 sorghum resources were classified as 5 types of open-loose type, broom-tillering type, half broom-tillering type, extreme-compact type and compact type, of which broom-tillering type was the highest ratio of 38.0% (68 plant resources) of 179 germplasm. In the existence and nonexistence of spike awn in 179 sorghum resources, 28.5% (51 plant resources) showed existence of spike awn, whereas the rest of 71.5% (128 plant resources) had no spike awn. Seed type was classified as 5 types, of which circle-shape showed the highest ratio of 43.0% (77 plant resources) and the lowest was inclined-circle shape by 7.3% (13 plant resources). Seed color was classified as 4 colors of brown, white, whitish brown, and yellowish brown, of which yellowish brown was the highest ratio of 84.4% (151 plant resources) among them. Days from seeding to heading date showed the range from 67 to 88 days with the average of 77.4 days and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 76 to 80 days, which occupied 37.4% (67 plant resources) of 179 germplasm. 179 sorghum resources showed high variation in the range of culm length with the average of 253.8 cm and group from 92 cm to 360 cm of culm length showed the highest frequency proportion of 20.6% (37 plant resources). Spike length showed the range from 15 to 49 cm with the average of 28.8 cm and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 31 to 35 cm with the proportion of 26.3% (47 plant resources), whereas the lowest was below 15 cm with the proportion of 0.6%. Days from seeding to physiological maturity showed the range from 110 to 146 days with the average of 125.5 days and the highest frequency proportion (39.7%) of it was the group from 111 to 115 days, while there were also occupied with 2 plant resources below 110 days and 23 plant resources over 141 days among 179 germplasm. Number of grains per spike showed the range from 163 to 4,532 grains with the average of 2,068.6 grains and group from 1,601 to 2,000 grains per spike was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 25.7% (46 plant resources). 1000 grains weight showed the range from 10.6 to 38.1g with the average of 25.6g and group from 26.0 to 30.0g was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 44.1% (79 plant resources).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.783-795
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• 2017

This study measured consumer's recognition, reliability, emotion and images about current eco-marks as well proposed an eco-mark rating scale and mark designs to improve consumer's trust on the fashion product marks. We used a questionnaire survey to collect data from 150 persons about knowledge, interests, and practice on eco fashion products in relation to trustfulness and positive images for three domestic and three international eco-marks. We evaluated and gave eco scores to six fiber-type products (cotton, organic cotton, wool, polyester, biodegradable polyester and nylon) in terms of consumer's use, water & land consumption, waste amount, carbon footprint, and toxicity. We suggested a new 5-level rating scale for eco marks, which quantified the concept of environmental friendliness of fiber products. The design for eco-mark of rating scale showed the total grade with two sub scores of environmental sides and human sides developed with an improved visual understanding for consumers. The design is one through benchmarking the energy-consumption efficiency mark, which is familiar to consumers such as a half circle shape to save environment resources to alarm consumers to environment problems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 1994

In the present study, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, together with the equations of the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model of turbulence, were solved numerically in a general body-fitted coordinate system for three-dimensional turbulent flows around the six basic shapes of the magnetically levitated train(MAGLEV). The numerical computations were conducted on the MAGLEV model configurations to provide information on shapes of this type very near the elevated track at a constant Reynolds number of $1.48{\times}10^{6}$ based on the body length. The coordinate system was generated by numerically solving a set of Poisson equations. The convective transport equations were discretized using the finite-analytic scheme which employed analytic solutions of the locally-linearized equations. A time marching algorithm was employed to enable future extensions to be made to handle unsteady and fully-elliptic problems. The pressure-velocity coupling was treated with the SIMPLER-algorithm. Of particular interests were wall effect by the elevated track on the aerodynamic forces and flow characteristics of the six models calculated. The results indicated that the half-circle configuration with extended sides and with smooth curvature of sides was desirable because of the low aerodynamic forces and pitching moment. And it was found that the separation bubble was occured at wake region in near the elevated track.