• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2003

유해유기물질의 미생물 분해시 일어나는 총괄반응을 이론적으로 예측하는 방법을 기술하였다. 열역학적 이론을 바탕으로 하는 반쪽반응 방법을 사용하,였고, 최근에 도입된 이론들인 중간체 생성 반응, oxygenation반응, 그룹이론에 의한 표준 자유생성에너지 예측기법 등을 적용하였다. 대표적인 유해유기물질인 phenanthrene과 함께 glucose, hexadecane의 미생물 분해 반응식을 실제로 계산하였다. 예측된 총괄반응식을 이용하여 미생물 수율, 산소 요구량, 질소 요구량, 무기화율 등의 정보를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이는 오염된 지하수/토양의 생물복원 공법 설계 및 자연정화평가 등에 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.514-523
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 상세배치를 개선할 수 있는 확장된 인터리빙 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 행 -기반 인터리빙 기법은 한 행 내에서만 셀의 위치를 이동할 수 있는 제약이 있으며, 모든 셀이 여백 없이 인접해 있다는 가정 하에 적용 가능하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 확장된 인터리빙 기법은 그런 제약을 극복하여 셀이 다른 행간에도 이동할 수 있도록 하였고, 또한 셀들 사이에 여백이 있는 경우에도 인터리빙 기법을 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 반도체 설계 회사에서 사용 중인 CAD 툴에 의해 수렴된 상세배치를 제안된 인터리빙 기법을 이용하여 추가로 개선시킨 결과 HP(half perimeter)가 평균 9.5% 가 개선되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

This study was performed to find out the quality characteristics of rice noodles by addition of red ginseng(0, 2, 6, 10%). The quality characteristics of the sample were estimated in terms of general composition, growth of microorganism and sensory evaluation. The results from this study were as follows. The protein, lipid and ash contents did not show significant difference in any of the groups. In dry rice noodles, moisture content significantly decreased in red ginseng groups but, in half-cooked rice noodles, moisture content significantly increased in 6 % and 10% red ginseng added groups(p<0.05). The microbial count showed less growth in red ginseng added groups after 3 months(p<0.05). According to sensory evaluation, surface color proved very good in the 10% red ginseng added group among the training panel while very good in the 2% red ginseng added group among consumers. Flavor was good in red ginseng added groups(p<0.05). Taste was very good in the 3% red ginseng added group. Appearance and overall quality were highest in the 2% and 6% red ginseng added groups(p<0.05). Therefore, rice noodles containing 2% or 6% red ginseng were most preferable and safe during 5 months and 6 days in dry and half-cooked noodles respectively.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2013

This paper presents a soft switching DC/DC converter for high voltage application. The interleaved pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme is used to reduce the ripple current at the output capacitor and the size of output inductors. Two converter cells are connected in series at the high voltage side to reduce the voltage stresses of the active switches. Thus, the voltage stress of each switch is clamped at one half of the input voltage. On the other hand, the output sides of two converter cells are connected in parallel to achieve the load current sharing and reduce the current stress of output inductors. In each converter cell, a half-bridge converter with the asymmetrical PWM scheme is adopted to control power switches and to regulate the output voltage at a desired voltage level. Based on the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of power switches and the transformer leakage inductance, active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching (ZVS) during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The current doubler rectifier is used at the secondary side to partially cancel ripple current. Therefore, the root-mean-square (rms) current at output capacitor is reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as a three-phase 380V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960W (24V/40A) rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Patients with T2D suffer from various diabetes-related complications. Since there are many patients with T2D that cannot be controlled by previously developed drugs, it has been necessary to develop new drugs, one of which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy. GLP-1 has been shown to ameliorate diabetes-related conditions by augmenting pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$ insulin secretion and having the low risk of causing hypoglycemia. Because of a very short half-life of GLP-1, many researches have been focused on the development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with long half-lives such as exenatide and dulaglutide. Now GLP-1R agonists have a variety of dosing-cycle forms to meet the needs of various patients. In this article, we review the physiological features of GLP-1, the effects of GLP-1 on T2D, the features of several GLP-1R agonists, and the therapeutic effect on T2D.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2002

This paper describes a design of cryptographic processor that implements the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) block cipher algorithm, "Rijndael". An iterative looping architecture using a single round block is adopted to minimize the hardware required. To achieve high throughput rate, a sub-pipeline stage is added by dividing the round function into two blocks, resulting that the second half of current round function and the first half of next round function are being simultaneously operated. The round block is implemented using 32-bit data path, so each sub-pipeline stage is executed for four clock cycles. The S-box, which is the dominant element of the round block in terms of required hardware resources, is designed using arithmetic circuit computing multiplicative inverse in GF($2^8$) rather than look-up table method, so that encryption and decryption can share the S-boxes. The round keys are generated by on-the-fly key scheduler. The crypto-processor designed in Verilog-HDL and synthesized using 0.25-$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS cell library consists of about 23,000 gates. Simulation results show that the critical path delay is about 8-ns and it can operate up to 120-MHz clock Sequency at 2.5-V supply. The designed core was verified using Xilinx FPGA board and test system.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.28-47
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• 2021

Pectin is a natural polysaccharide and biopolymer that serves as a structural component of plant tissues' primary cell walls. Pectin is primarily composed of D-galacturonic acid linked by α-1, 4-glycosidic linkage and is further classified by the ratio of esterified galacturonic acid groups known as degree of esterification (DE). Pectin that contains more than half of its carboxylate units as methyl esters is known as a high methyl (HM) ester. Conversely, pectin that has less than half of its carboxylate units as methyl esters is known as a low methyl (LM) ester. Pectin has various bioactive properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholesterol, antitumoral, and chemopreventive properties. Moreover, pectin is a useful biopolymer in biomedical applications. Biomedical engineering, which is founded on research aimed to improve the quality of life using new materials and technologies, is typically classified according to the use of hydrogels, nanofiber mats, and nanoparticles. This paper reviews the progress of recent research into pectin-based biomedical applications and the potential future biomedical applications of marine-derived pectin.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

메쉬는 삼차원 물체를 표현하기 위해 가장 널리 쓰이는 자료구조 중 하나이다. 지금까지 메쉬 자료구조로는 주어진 삼차원 물체의 표면 상의 정보만을 샘플링하는 표면 메쉬가 널리 쓰였다. 그러나, 컴퓨터의 처리능력이 향상됨에 따라, 콘텐츠 개발시 물체의 내부 정보까지 계산할 수 있는 볼륨 메쉬의 필요성이 점점 증대되고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 반면 (half-face) 자료구조 기반의 새로운 삼차원 볼륨 메쉬 라이브러리인 OpenVolMesh를 제안하고, 그 디자인과 구현에 관하여 기술한다. 제안하는 OpenVolMesh는 세계적으로 널리 쓰이고 있는 표면 메쉬 라이브러리인 OpenMesh 위에 볼륨 메쉬를 다룰 수 있는 자료구조를 추가하는 방식으로 디자인하였다. OpenVolMesh는 제네릭 프로그래밍 (generic programming), 메쉬 구성 요소에 대한 동적속성 할당 (primitive property), 배열 기반의 자료구조 등을 지원하며, OpenMesh와 소스 레벨에서의 호환성을 제공한다. 볼륨 메쉬 스무딩 및 CW-셀 분할과 같은 적용사례를 통해 OpenVolMesh가 삼차원 볼륨 기반의 콘텐츠 개발에 효과적으로 쓰일 수 있음을 보인다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 1988

A two-dimensional systolic array for fast Fourier transform, which has a regular and recursive VLSI architecture is presented. The array is constructed with identical processing elements (PE) in mesh type, and due to its modularity, it can be expanded to an arbitrary size. A processing element consists of two data routing units, a butterfly arithmetic unit and a simple control unit. The array computes FFT through three procedures` I/O pipelining, data shuffling and butterfly arithmetic. By utilizing parallelism, pipelining and local communication geometry during data movement, the two-dimensional systolic array eliminates global and irregular commutation problems, which have been a limiting factor in VLSI implementation of FFT processor. The systolic array executes a half butterfly arithmetic based on a distributed arithmetic that can carry out multiplication with only adders. Also, the systolic array provides 100% PE activity, i.e., none of the PEs are idle at any time. A chip for half butterfly arithmetic, which consists of two BLC adders and registers, has been fabricated using a 3-um single metal P-well CMOS technology. With the half butterfly arithmetic execution time of about 500 ns which has been obtained b critical path delay simulation, totla FFT execution time for 1024 points is estimated about 16.6 us at clock frequency of 20MHz. A one-PE chip expnsible to anly size of array is being fabricated using a 2-um, double metal, P-well CMOS process. The chip was layouted using standard cell library and macrocell of BLC adder with the aid of auto-routing software. It consists of around 6000 transistors and 68 I/O pads on 3.4x2.8mm\ulcornerarea. A built-i self-testing circuit, BILBO (Built-In Logic Block Observation), was employed at the expense of 3% hardware overhead.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2021

Background: Intrapleural urokinase is one of the most widely used fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE). However, little research has been performed on the optimal urokinase dosage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficacy of half dose urokinase compared with conventional dose urokinase. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 92 patients with CPPE or empyema who underwent intrapleural urokinase treatment at two tertiary hospitals. Patients received antibiotics, chest tube drainage, and other treatments as part of routine care. The primary outcome was the treatment success rate in the half dose urokinase group (50,000 IU daily for maximal 6 days) and the conventional dose urokinase group (100,000 IU daily). Treatment success was defined as clinical and radiological improvements without surgical treatment or re-admission within one month. Results: Forty-four patients received half dose urokinase, whereas 48 patients were treated with conventional dose urokinase. Both groups were relatively well matched at baseline, excluding higher serum white blood cell count and higher empyema prevalence in the half dose urokinase group. The treatment success rate was not different between the two groups (p=0.048). There were no differences in the rate of in-hospital death and surgical treatment, hospitalization duration, and indwelling catheter duration. In the multivariate analysis, urokinase dose was not a predictor of treatment success. Conclusion: Half dose intrapleural urokinase is equally effective conventional dose urokinase in treating patients with CPPE or empyema.