• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.891-909
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examines the changes in Chinese women's clothing resulted from the introduction of Western culture in the first hal# of the 20th century in terms of Chinese view of the world and their attitude towards European culture. The clothes are divided into four types according to their characteristics : traditional Chinese type, China-Europe adjustment type, China-Europe blend type and European type. As for the research method, both literature and visual data are examined. The traditional Chinese type showed changes only in the width and length retaining the features of the traditional qipao until the 1910s. The China-Europe adjustment type used the same flat pattern making of traditional Chinese dress while imitating only the appearances of European one-piece, two-piece and three-piece dresses. It also was presented with European accessaries and hair-styles. The China-Europe blend type, starting to appear with the introduction of the three-dimensional pattern making from the Europe in the 1930s, showed a perfect mixture of European and traditional Chinese costumes in the early 1940s when the Chinese learned and adapted the European pattern making. The European type was the most modernized designs using a variety of European-style details and constructions as the traditional clothing started to have unrestricted European-style changes. Great significance can be found in the fact that the Chinese modified their garments by themselves using the pattern mating they learned from the Europe.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2007

A scanning electron microscopic study on the glochidium and glochidial encystment of Anodonta arcaeformis on the host fish Carassius auratus was conducted. The shape of the glochidium was apparently subtriangular and its average size was $270\;{\mu}m\;\times\;260\;{\mu}m\;\times\;145\;{\mu}m$. The glochidial shell valves were of the same size, kept together by a ligament that is 50.4 ${\mu}m$ in length and 5.5 ${\mu}m$ in width. Each of the glochidial shell valve had a long hook studded with many spines on the superior face. A large area of at the apex of the valve surrounding the base of the hook was provided with numerous small spines which became progressively smaller toward the periphery of the area. The glochidial shell valve consisted of two layers. The mantle cells line the glochidial shell valves and some of hair cells were observed. A larval thread was 2.3 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. In the artificial infection of the glochidia to one of the natural hosts, Carassius auratus, it took about three to four hours to encyst the glochidia with epithelial cells of the fish fins. The encystment method was the cell migration from the neighboring epithelial cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1663-1670
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions and knowledge of farmers of heat stress and tick resistance in cattle. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and 110 farmers in four villages in the sour and sweet velds of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa were interviewed. The associations among area (municipality), gender, age, level of education, employment and religion were computed using Chi-square tests. The majority of the respondents had on average 4 bulls, 4 cows, 4 heifers, 4 calves, and 4 oxen. Milk was considered as the major (28.3%) reason for keeping cattle. Most farmers owned non-descript (72.6%), and Nguni (45.3%) cattle because of their heat tolerance (54.7%), tick resistance (54.7%), and milking ability (28.2%) traits. Excessive panting (56.6%) and disease transmission (76%) were regarded as the major effects of heat stress and tick infestation in cattle, respectively. About 50% of the respondents agreed that hair length influences tick resistance and 47.17% considered coat colour when acquiring cattle. In the sampled areas, ticks were prevalent in the summer season (93%), and 77.36% of the respondents use acaricides every fortnight. Gall sickness was reported to be a major problem in the cattle herds by 36.79% of the respondents. Our results showed that farmers in the two municipalities had knowledge of cattle adaptation to heat stress and tick resistance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.819-825
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• 2020

All living organisms exhibit the characteristics of aging, such as skin wrinkle formation, muscle degeneration, cataracts, and hair graying as the number of aged cells increases over time. Senescence, which is known as a key cause of aging, is directly related to the aging of living organisms because cells are aged by external and internal factors and eventually cell proliferation is stopped. Senescence is caused by the gradual shortening of the telomere with cell division, and lifespan is determined by the length of the telomere. Recently, it has been found that the histone deacetylase, which can influence gene expression, is not only involved in yeast but also deeply involved in anti-aging mechanisms in both C. elegans and humans. It was also discovered that old cells play a decisive role in the aging phenomenon, and it has been reported that it is possible to promote the proliferation of young cells and delay aging by removing these senescent cells from the inside. Therefore, in order to develop potential anti-aging agents in the future, research should begin with an in-depth study of telomerase activators, sirtuin activators, and senolytics.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on healing of impaired wound and alteration of mast cells in experimental diabetic rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups : incision (control), diabetes+incision (diabetes) and diabetes + incision + electrical stimulation (D/ES). Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg, one time) and 20 mm length incision wounds were created on the back after shaving hair. The electrical stimulation rats were treated with a current intensity of 30~50 V at 120 pps and $140{\mu}s$ for 10 days from 3 days after STZ injection. The lesion and adjacent skin tissues were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, embedded with paraffin. For wound healing analysis, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and picrosirius red staining were performed. Mast cells (MC) were stained with toluidine blue (pH 0.5) and quantified at ${\times}200$ using a light microscope. The density of keratinocyte proliferation and microvessels in skin tissues were analyzed using a computerized image analysis system on sections immunostained with proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA), respectively. The results showed that the wound healing rate, collagen density and neoepidermis thickness, density of PCNA-positive cells and density of ${\alpha}$-SMA-positive vessels were significantly higher in D/ES rats than in diabetic rats. The density of MCs and degranulated MCs in D/ES rats were also significantly higher than those in diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the electrical stimulation may promote the tissue repair process by accelerating collagen production, keratinocyte proliferation and angiogenesis in the diabetic rats, and MCs are required for wound healing of skin in rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.606-612
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is one of the six members of IGFBP family, important for cell growth, apoptosis and other IGF-stimulated signaling pathways. In order to explore the significance of IGFBP-5 in cells of the Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), IGFBP-5 gene complementary DNA (cDNA) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the animal's fetal fibroblasts and tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The gene is 816 base pairs (bp) in length and includes the complete open reading frame, encoding 271 amino acids (GenBank accession number JF720883). The full cDNA nucleotide sequence has a 99% identity with sheep, 98% with cattle and 95% with human. The amino acids sequence shares identity with 99%, 99% and 99%, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis showed that IGFBP-5 has an insulin growth factor-binding protein homologues (IB) domain and a thyroglobulin type-1 (TY) domain, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, five casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, three prenyl group binding sites (CaaX box). The IGFBP-5 gene was expressed in all the tested tissues including testis, brain, liver, lung, mammary gland, spleen, and kidney, suggesting that IGFBP-5 plays an important role in goat cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.44-49
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• 2000

Objective of this study was to determine the Si distribution and extent of control of powdery mildew diseases of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.). The distribution of silicon in the leaf epidermis of cucumber plants grown in hydroponic nutrient solutions supplemented with soluble silicates was examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The silicate absorbed from nutrient solution was translocated into cucumber leaves, and accumulated mainly in the cells surrounding the base of trichome hairs. Base cells surrounding the trichomes also had high levels of Si, Ca, and K. Si levels in the epidermal cells for low Si treatment were not detectable except in the trichome bases. Hyphal lengths of powdery mildew occurring on cucumber leaves cultivated in medium with high concentration of silicate were remarkably shorter than those of cucumber leaves cultivated with low concentration of silicate. There was a negative correlation between hyphal length of S. fuliginea and silicate concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.147-164
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• 2000

This thesis examines the origin, the change and the symbolic meanings of class representation, and offers a comparative study on the differences of class representation in the history of Korean and western costume on the basis of class representation methods and types shown from ancient times to 18C. In both eastern and western costume, the differences in status are commonly represented in the width and length of costume, color, textile, ornamental design, wearing, decoration, etc. The costume of noble class was wide and long, while that of common class was narrow and short so that it could be convenient for them to move around. Especially, from 16C to 18C in the west the costume of noble class was expanded to the extent that it was inconvenient for them to move around not only by skirt swelling by using hoop, but also by pad, ruff, lace, etc. This appears to show that they are not working class. Wearing and decoration of noble class were much more colorful, complicated and varied, while those of common class were simple and plain. In the west, the wearing of chiton and toga in Greece and Rome was different depending on social status. More specific look at the differences in class representation shown in the eastern and western costume reveals that the higher the rank, the more the women in both Gothic and Chosun period covered the body, thereby representing rank. In 18C, the women in both Rococo and Chosun period commonly showed excessive decoration and lavishness on their hair, and in this period the width of skirt was also commonly expanded to the longest extent, with a slight difference put aside.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on healing of impaired wound and alteration of mast cells in experimental diabetic rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: excision (Ex), excision-LED irradiation (Ex-LED), diabetes + excision (DM) and diabetes + excision + LED irradiation (DM-LED). Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (70 mg/kg, single dose) and 6 mm punch excision wounds were created on the back after shaving hair. The LED-irradiated rats were treated to a daily dose of $5\;J/cm^2$ LED (630 nm) light for 11 days after surgery, and were killed at day 1, 3, 7 and 11. The lesion and adjacent skin tissues were excised, fixed with 10% buffered formalin and embedded with paraffin. For evaluation of wound healing, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining were performed. Mast cells (MCs) were stained with toluidine blue (pH 0.5) and quantified using a computerized image analysis system. The proliferation activity of keratinocyte in skin tissues was analyzed on sections immunostained with proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The results showed that wound healing rate, collagen density and neo-epidermis length, number of PCNA-positive cells, fibroblasts and mast cells were significantly higher in the LED-irradiated rats than in the DM and Ex rats throughout the periods of experiment. Exceptionally, the number of MCs was significantly lower at day 11 compared with day 7 after surgery in the all groups. These findings suggest that the LED irradiation may promote the tissue repair process by accelerating keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in normal rats as well as in diabetic rats, and MCs may play an important role at an early stage of skin wound healing in normal and diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1989

A scanning electron microscopic study on the glochidium and glchidial encystment of Anodonta grandis on the guppy was conducted. The shape of the glochidium is apparently triangular and its averge size is 0.45mm X0.4mm when closed, The two glochidial shell valves are of the same size, kept together by a ligament of 120${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in length and 7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in width. Each of the glochidial shell valves has a 16 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ long hook sitdded with many spines on the superior face. A large area to the apex of the valve surrounding the base of the hook is provided with numerous small spines which become progressively smaller towards the periphery of the area, The external surface of the glochidial shell valve is covered with numerous small processes showing successive change in the shape and the pattern of destribution by part. Besides the processes, there are a number of niches scattered all over the exterior surface. The glochidial shell valve has two layers. One is the outer thin membrane bearing the processes and the niches and the others is the inner layer bearing numerous holes which any accessory structure and 2.65 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter, emerges from a canal located at center of ventral plate of the mamtle, A total of three types of the hair cells are observed. In present artificial infection of the glochidium to the guppy, it took about three to four hours to complete an early cysts, During the period of encystment, The epithelial cells of the host fish actively migrated toward the attached glochidium and covered it.