• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether metformin (MF) could alleviate the expresssion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats (drBMSCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs in a nude mouse model in vivo. Methods: BMSCs were extracted from normal and diabetic rats. In vitro, a cell viability assay (Cell Counting Kit-8), tests of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and western blot analysis were first used to determine the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs that were subjected to treatment with different concentrations of MF (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 µM). The cells were then divided into 5 groups: (1) normal rat BMSCs (the BMSCs derived from normal rats group), (2) the drBMSCs group, (3) the drBMSCs + Mito-TEMPO (10 µM, ROS scavenger) group, (4) the drBMSCs + MF (200 µM) group, and (5) the drBMSCs + MF (200 µM) + H₂O₂ (50 µM, ROS activator) group. Intracellular ROS detection, a senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the effects of MF on oxidative stress and osteogenic differentiation in drBMSCs. In vivo, the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs was evaluated in a nude mouse model. Results: MF effectively reduced ROS levels in drBMSCs. The cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, and osteogenic-related protein expression of drBMSCs were demonstrably higher in the MF-treated group than in the non-MF-treated group. H₂O₂ inhibited the effects of MF. In addition, ectopic osteogenesis was significantly increased in drBMSCs treated with MF. Conclusions: MF promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by diabetes and enhenced the ectopic bone formation of drBMSCs in nude mice.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect and potential of three-dimensional Co-culture of BMSCs (bone marrow stromal Cells) and NP (nucleus pulposus) Cells on the differentiation of BMSCs into NP-like Cells. The NP Cells and BMSCs were isolated and cultured from New Zealand White rabbits. The isolated NP Cells and BMSCs were prepared in different alginate beads. Those two types of beads were separated by a track-etched membrane of $3\;{\mu}m$ pore in a 6-well culture plate. No growth factors were used. In addition to these, NP and BMSC were cultured in the beads independently for control. The number of Cells in Co-culturing system was half of those in two control groups. Proliferation and production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were evaluated along with histological observation. The GAG production rate(GAG contents/Cell) of Co-cultured BMSCs were much higher than that of BMSCs cultured alone. The total amounts of GAG produced by BMSCs in Co-culturing system were larger than those produced by BMSCs in control group and were comparable with those produced by NP alone even the number of each Cell was half of BMSCs in Co-culturing system. This study showed the potential of differentiation of BMSCs into NP-like Cells through three-dimensional Co-culture system even without any chemical agents.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1181-1190
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• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the effect of purified medical herb extracts such as Alisma canaliculatum and Polyporus umbellatuson adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hBMSCs). Methods: Two different medical herb were extracted using hot distilled water. The optimal concentration of extracts were fixed at 100 ng/ml by means of cell viability and cytotoxic assay. To test the adipogenic differentiation ability of extracts, we induced the adipogenesis of hBMSCs for 21 days. At day 5, the cell was harvested to check mRNA and protein expression level of adipogenic related factors. The efficacy of lipid droplet formation was evaluated using the oil-red O staining method at days 21. Results: Two different medical herb extracts have no toxicity on hBMSCs. And two different medical herb extracts significantly decreased formation of lipid droplet compared with control groups in hBMSCs. The A. canaliculatum extract group showed the lowest mRNA and protein expression level of adipossgenic related transcription factors. This data suggests that extract of A. canaliculatum and P. umbellata decrease the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that water-extract of A. canaliculatum and P. umbellata will be useful therapeutic reagents for prevention of obesity related disease such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and osteoporosis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2001

Background: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) express many cell surface molecules, which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells within the bone marrow. Methods: To identify cell surface molecules, which can regulate cell proliferation through cell interaction, monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against BMSCs were produced. Among them, 1H8 MoAb, which recognized distinctly an 80 kDa protein, abolished myeloma cell proliferation that was induced by co-culturing with BMSCs. Results: IL-6 gene expression was increased when myeloma or stromal cells were treated with 1H8 MoAb. In addition, the expression of IL-6 receptor and CD40 was up-regulated by 1H8 treatment, suggesting that the molecule recognized by 1H8 MoAb is involved in cell proliferation by modulating the expression of cell growth-related genes. Myeloma cells contain high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are related to gene expression and tumorigenesis. Treatment with 1H8 decreased the intracellular ROS level and increased PAG antioxidant gene concomitantly. Finally, 1H8 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in U266. Conclusion: Taken together, 1H8 MoAb recognized the cell surface molecule and triggered the intracellular signals, which led to modulate gene expression and cell proliferation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2015

Nacre seashell is a natural osteoinductive biomaterial with strong effects on osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts during bone tissue formation and morphogenesis. Although nacre has shown, in one study, to induce bridging of new bone across large non-union bone defects in 8 individual human patients, there have been no succeeding human surgical studies to confirm this outstanding potency. But the molecular mechanisms associated with nacre osteoinduction and the influence on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC's), skeletal stem cells or bone marrow stromal cells remain elusive. In this study we highlight the phenotypic and biochemical effects of Pinctada maxima nacre chips and the global nacre soluble protein matrix (SPM) on primary human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. In static co-culture with nacre chips, the hBMSCs secreted Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at levels that exceeded bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) treatment. Concentrated preparation of SPM applied to Stro-1 selected hBMSC's led to rapid ALP secretions, at concentrations exceeding the untreated controls even in osteogenic conditions. Within 21 days the same population of Stro-1 selected hBMSCs proliferated and secreted collagens I-IV, indicating the premature onset of an osteoblast phenotype. The same SPM was found to promote unselected hBMSC differentiation with osteocalcin detected at 7 days, and proliferation increased at 7 days in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, nacre particles and nacre SPM induced the early stages of human bone cell differentiation, indicating that they may be promising soluble factors with osteoinductive capacity in primary human bone cell progenitors such as, hBMSC's.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the efficiency of osteoblast differentiation media (ODM) containing three distinct reagent combinations in osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in monolayer culture. In addition, we analyzed growth and differentiation of hBMSCs on silk scaffolds and examined the bone-forming activity of a nanofibrous silk scaffold in a tibia diaphysis defect model of a rat hind limb with intramedullary nailing. Although all three ODM increased alkaline phosphatase activity to a comparable extent, the ODM containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was found to be significantly less effective in promoting mineral deposition than the others. Growth of hBMSCs on sponge-form silk scaffolds was faster than on nanofibrous ones, while osteoblastic differentiation was apparent in the cells grown on either type of scaffold. By contrast, bone formation was observed only at the edge of the nanofibrous scaffold implanted in the tibia diaphysis defect, suggesting that use of the silk scaffold alone is not sufficient for the reconstitution of the long bone defect. Since silk scaffolds can support cell growth and differentiation in vitro, loading MSCs on scaffolds might be necessary to improve the bone-forming activity of the scaffold in the long bone defect model.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2006

Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$는 염증성 골질환에서의 골조직의 손실과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구에서는 인체 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화과정에 대한 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 영향을 조사하였다. $TNF-{\alpha}$는 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화를 나타내는 표시인 세포외 무기질 축적과 alkaline phosphatase의 발현의 증가를 일으켰으며 2ng/ml의 농도에서 최대의 증가를 나타내었다. $TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 골세포로의 분화는 $NF_kB$의 저해제에 의해서는 영향받지 않았으나 JNK 특이 저해제인 SP600125에 의해 완벽하게 억제되었다. 이는 $TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화과정에 JNK가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 제시한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2005

소장 점막하 조직(SIS)은 면역반응이 없어 생체재료로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SIS를 스폰지 형태로 제조하여 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC)를 이용하여 경화시켰으며, SIS 스폰지의 구성 윈소를 알아보기 위해 원소분석(EA)과 에너지 분산 X선 분광계(EDS)를 사용해 분석하였다. 또한 SIS 함량과 EDC의 농도에 따른 섬유아세포의 부착도 및 성장도를 알아보기 위해 methylthiazoletetrazolium,(MTT)을 실시하였다. 이 스폰지에 골수 간엽 줄기세포(BMSCs)를 파종해 4주 동안 조직공학적 골분화를 유도하였다. 골분화 유도를 위해 골분화 배지를 사용했으며, 배지에 따른 BMSCs의 세포 성장도와 alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 활성을 측정해 보았다. 또한 역전사 중합연쇄반응을 통해 골분화 여부를 관찰하였다. SEM 관찰 결과 모든 스폰지에서 균일한 형태의 열린 다공이 형성되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. RT-PCR 결과 4주 동안 골분화 배지를 주었을 때 제 I형 교원질이 발현됨을 확인할 수 있었으며, ALP 결과에서도 골분화 배지에서 ALP활성이 높게 나타남을 볼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 제조한 SIS 스폰지는 조직공학적 담체로써 우수한 특성을 보이고 있었으며, 또한 BMSCs의 골분화 유도에도 좋은 결과를 보임으로써 조직공학적 골 재생에 잠재적인 가능성을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.663-668
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• 2015

hBMSCs are multipotent cells that are useful for tissue regeneration to treat degenerative diseases and others for their differentiation ability into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, hepatocytes and neuronal cells. In this study, biodegradable elastic hydrogels consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic poly(${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were evaluated for tissue engineering because of its biocompatibility and the ability to control the release of bioactive peptides. The primary cultured cells from human bone marrow are confirmed as hBMSC by immunohistochemical analysis. Mesenchymal stem cell markers (collagen type I, fibronectin, CD54, $integrin1{\beta}$, and Hu protein) were shown to be positive, while hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD14 and CD45) were shown to be negative. Three different hydrogel scaffolds with different block compositions (PEG:PCL=6:14 and 14:6 by weight) were fabricated using the salt leaching method. The hBMSCs were expanded, seeded on the scaffolds, and cultured up to 8 days under static conditions in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Media (IMDM). The growth of MSCs cultured on the hydrogel with PEG/PCL= 6/14 was faster than that of the others. In addition, the morphology of MSCs seemed to be normal and no cytotoxicity was found. The coating of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) containing scaffold with Matrigel slowed down the release of VEGF in vitro and promoted the angiogenesis when transplanted into BALB/c nude mice. These results suggest that hBMSCs can be supported by a biode gradable hydrogel scaffold for effective cell growth, and enhance the angiogenesis by Matrigel coating.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2006

온도감응성 고분자인 폴리 (에틸렌 글리콜)을 기본으로 하는 다이블록 및 트리블록 폴리에스테르 공중합체들은 비독성과 생체적합성 그리고 생분해성 특징 때문에 조직공학 분야 및 주사제형의 약물전달체에서 많은 응용이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다이블록 공중합체를 이용한 솔-젤 전이 현상을 갖는 고분자를 평균분자량 750 g/mole의 메톡시 폴리 (에틸렌 글리콜)과 카프로락톤을 실온에서 HCl $Et_2O$ 존재 하에서 개환중합을 통하여 합성하였다. 이 공중합체를 이용하여 in vivo상에서 골수간엽줄기세포와 골유도물질인 덱사메타손의 존재 여부에 따라 골분화의 가능성을 조사하였다. 조직을 파라핀으로 고정시켜 슬라이드를 제조한 후 hematoxylin & eosin, 본쿠사 및 오스테오칼신 염색을 통하여 골형성 정도를 확인하였다. 결론적으로 덱사메타손이 함유된 젤이 골형성에 도움을 주지만 젤만으로는 강한 골형성을 유도할 수 없으므로 줄기세포나 다른 골형성 유도재료를 사용하면 우수하게 골형성 효과를 가져올 것이라고 판단되었다.