• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

This study examined the dyeing characteristics and spectrum of cotton and silk by using dyeing solution extracted from aronia. The value $L^{\ast}$ which indicates the brightness of cotton regardless of mordant increases with increasing pH from pH 3.5 to pH 10.5. The color difference value(${\Delta}E$) of the cotton was generally high in pH 3.5 regardless of mordant existence. The silk showed the highest ${\Delta}E$ value in pH 3.5 dye solution as cotton did. On the other hand, the silk with mordant dyed showed the highest ${\Delta}E$ value in pH 7. Silk fabrics dyed with Aronia solution turns out red in pH 3.5, blue in pH 7 and yellow in pH 10.5. This is because of the amino acid, one of the silk ingredients, combines with a part of anthocyanin to show blue. As the result of the spectrum measurement, the maximum absorption wavelength of Aronia solution was increased in the order of pH 10.5, pH 3.5 and pH 7, regardless of extraction temperature and mordant. The measurement results of color fastness to washing and color fastness to light are generally low. Therefore, there is a need for further study to improve color fatness in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.306-310
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• 2008

Fuzzy regression, a nonparametric method, can be quite useful in estimating the relationships among variables where the available data are very limited and imprecise. It can also serve as a sound methodology that can be applied to a variety of management and engineering problems where variables are interacting in an uncertain, qualitative, and fuzzy way. A close examination of the fuzzy regression algorithm reveals that the resulting possibility distribution of fuzzy parameters, which makes this technique attractive in a fuzzy environment, is dependent upon an h parameter value. The h value, which is between 0 and 1, is referred to as the degree of fit of the estimated fuzzy linear model to the given data, and is subjectively selected by a decision maker (DM) as an input to the model. The selection of a proper value of h is important in fuzzy regression, because it determines the range of the posibility ditributions of the fuzzy parameters. In this paper, we discuss the interdependent relationship among the h value, membership function shape, and the spreads of fuzzy parameters in fuzzy linear regression with fuzzy input-output using shape-preserving operations.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 2008

Fuzzy regression, a nonparametric method, can be quite useful in estimating the relationships among variables where the available data are very limited and imprecise. It can also serve as a sound methodology that can be applied to a variety of management and engineering problems where variables are interacting in an uncertain, qualitative, and fuzzy way. A close examination of the fuzzy regression algorithm reveals that the resulting possibility distribution of fuzzy parameters, which makes this technique attractive in a fuzzy environment, is dependent upon an h parameter value. The h value, which is between 0 and 1, is referred to as the degree of fit of the estimated fuzzy linear model to the given data, and is subjectively selected by a decision maker (DM) as an input to the model. The selection of a proper value of h is important in fuzzy regression, because it determines the range of the posibility ditributions of the fuzzy parameters. In this paper, we discuss the interdependent relationship among the h value, membership function shape, and the spreads of fuzzy parameters in fuzzy linear regression with fuzzy input-output using shape-preserving operations.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

This work was carried out to investigate the pollution of heavy metals and pH in soil, collected from the 156 sampling sites in 1987. 1. In the average contents of Cd, the highest value was 0.40 mg/kg in the Outskirt of Seoul area, the lowest value was 0.11 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.21∼0.39 mg/kg in the other areas. 2. In the average contents of Cu, the highest value was 32.50 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 2.96 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 9.53∼24.41 mg/kg in the other areas. 3. In the average contents of As, the highest value was 1.32 mg/kg in the Reclamated waste area, the lowest value was 0.31 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.93∼1.32 mg/kg in the other areas. 4. In the average contents of Zn, the highest value was 27.33 mg/kg in the Center of city area, the lowest value was 9.97 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 12.47∼25.23 mg/kg in the other areas. 5. In the average contents of Pb, the highest value was 125.25 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 12.99 mg/kg in the Farming area, and 17.01∼77.71 mg/kg in the other areas. 6. In the average contents of pH, the highest value was pH 7.08 in the Motorway area, the lowest value was pH 4.14 in the Greenbelt area, and pH 5.67～7.04 in the other areas. 7. The order of the distribution of heavy metals was Pb>Zn>Cu>As>Cd. There was significanthy correlation between Cd-Zn, Pb-Zn, Cu-Cd, Pb-Cu and Pb-Cd (p<0.01).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.36-40
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• 1967

1. The effect of the pH value on P32 absorption of leaves of three forest trees under the water culture is investigated. 2. The degree of the P32 absorption to the pH value is quite different in each forest tree. 3. The phosphorus contents are proved higher in the leaves of Quercus accutissima(the saw shaped oak) than in the leaves of Pinus densiflora(the red pine) and Lespedeza bicolar (bush clover). 4. Larger contents of phosphorus are found in acidity plots than in alkalinity. The leaves of treated plot of the pH 4 (red pine), of the pH 5.0 (bush clover), and of the pH 5.0-6.5 (saw shaped oak) have a higher nutrient capital as indicated by P32 compared with that of the other pH values. 5. It is also noticed that P32 absorption capacity is decreased with the higher pH values. 6. The content of P of leaves shows the lowest value in the plot of the pH 6.5 (pine), of the pH 7.5(bush clover), and of the pH 9.0(saw shaped oak). It is also noticed that the red pine is to do very well in acid cultivation and then follow bush clover and saw shaped oak in the order.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 1962

Like the condensation reaction of general aldehyde, that of benzaldehyde with semicarbazide also depends upon the concentration of carbonium ion that is produced by hydrogen ion. The lower pH value is the facility of the formation of carbonium ion in the condensation reaction, while the reactivity of semicarbazide as a reactant is reduced. In this paper, therefore we want to find out the optimum pH value in the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde with semicarbazide. This optimum pH value was determined by using the simple paper-chromatographic method. According to the result of this experiment, the condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and semicarbazide reacts with its highest point at 3.5pH value. It seems clear that at this point the benzaldehyde acquires the most suitable amount of carbonium ion for the condensation reaction with semicarbazide, and the semicarbazide also has the optimum reactivity.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2003

Dyeing properties of silk fabric with leaf Mustard was investigated the relation with pH variation, mordants, mordant method. K/S value shows the following sequence: pH 3>pH 5>pH 7>pH 9. K/S value shows high in post mordant conditions. Silk fabric shows the green, blue tone according to mordants(Al, Cu, Fe mordants). The tannic acid treatment silk fabric shows higher than the nontannic acid treatment silk fabric in K/S value. Lighting fastness of tannic acid treatment silk fabric shows better than that of nontannic acid treatment in Cu, Fe mordants. Water fastness of tannic acid treatment silk fabric was wholly improved. Tannic acid treatment improved dyeing properties of silk fabric with leaf Mustard.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the pH threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. A method was designed to attain the pH value of the pore solution on the location of the steel in concrete. Then the pH values of the pore solution on the location of steel in concrete were changed by exposing the samples to the environment (CO25%, RH 40%) to accelerate carbonation with different periods. Based on this, the pH threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement had been examined by the methods of half-cell potential and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results have indicated that the pH threshold value for the initial corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete was 11.21. However, in the carbonated concrete, agreement among whether steel corrosion was initiatory determined by the detection methods mentioned above could be found.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.548-552
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• 2007

This research is the basic research to develop new anti-inflammatory medicine by feeding Scutellariae Radix extract to lipopolysaccharide(LPS) exposed rats, and analyzed it's effect on inflammatory response by LPS derivation. As a result, Plasma interleukin-$1\beta(IL-1\beta)$ and Plasma interleukin-6(IL-6) concentration showed the highest point at 5h after LPS injection, and in this time, the concentration of $IL-1\beta$ and IL-6 in the Scutellariae Radix extract groups at 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg showed lower values than that of control group. Plasma tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha(TNF-\alpha)$ concentration after LPS injection showed the highest point at 2h and showed similar level till at 5h. $TNF-\alpha$ concentration at 2h after LPS injection showed the low value only in the Scutellariae Radix extract 300mg/kg group compared to others, and in 5h, the all Scutellariae Radix extract groups showed lower value than that of the control group. Plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) concentration increased at 2h after LPS injection and reached the highest at 5h. After LPS injection the IL-10 concentration at 2h, the Scutellariae Radix extract injection group at 300mg/kg showed higher value than that of the others, and in 5h after LPS injection, Scutellariae Radix extract 200mg and 300mg groups showed higher value than the control group. Concluding from the above results, in inflammatory response by LPS derivation, the Scutellariae Radix gives positive effect.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.511-520
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of sugar and drying method on quality and storage characteristics of beef jerky, storage, textural and sensory characteristics were examined. Water activity was decreased as storage time was prolonged and the honey and rice syrup-added natural dried samples(N-H, N-R) were recorded the lowest value, 0.71 at five weeks of storage. During the storage period, pH values of all the samples were decreased and honey-added and heated air dried beef jerky(H-H) had the lowest pH value, 5.22. L, a, b values had a tendency to decrease, during the storage period. During the storage period, TBA values of all samples showed increasing tendency. Sugarsyrup-added samples(N-S, H-S, S-S$\^$*/) had the lowest TBA value, and those of honey-added samples(N-H, H-H, S-H$\^$**/) were highest, regardless of drying method. Total plate counts of bacteria and the number of lactic acid bacteria were increased as storage time was prolonged. Sugar syrup-added and heated air dried beef jerky(H-S) had the lowest in total plate counts of bacteria and the number of lactic acid bacteria, at five weeks of storage. Textural properties value of all samples were increased as storage time was longer. Honey-added samples showed the higest springness and cohesiveness value and sugarsyrup-added and natural dried sample showed the highest value in chewiness, gummness and hardness. In the almost sensory score of natural dried beef jerky was decreased asstorage time was prolonged, regardless of packaging method. The sensory score of heated air dried samples were higher than those of natural dried samples, regardless of packaging method. $\^$*/S-S sucrose syrup added smoking dried sample, $\^$**/S-H honey added smoking dried sample