• Title/Summary/Keyword: h{\bar{o}}$

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The Historical Study of Headache in Chinese Ming Dynasty (명대의가(明代醫家)들의 두통(頭痛)에 대한 인식변화에 관한 연구)

  • Chun, Duk-Bong;Maeng, Woong-Jae;Kim, Nam-Il
    • The Journal of Korean Medical History
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.43-56
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    • 2011
  • Everyone once in a life experience headaches as symptoms are very common. According to a study in a country of more than a week and as many as those who have experienced a headache amounts to 69.4%. In addition, the high reported prevalence of migraine in 30s for 80% of all migraine sufferers daily life interfere with work or was affected. In Western medicine, the cause of headaches is traction or deformation of pain induced tissue like scalp, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, fascia, extracranial arteriovenous, nerves, periosteum. But it turns out there are not cause why pain induced tissue is being tracted or deformated. Therefore, most of the western-therapy is mainly conducted with regimen for a temporary symptom reduction. Therefore, I examined how it has been developed in Chinese Ming Dynasty, the perception of headache, change in disease stage and an etiological cause. Oriental medicine in the treatment of headache is a more fundamental way to have an excellent treatment. The recognition of head in "素問($s{\grave{u}}$ $w{\grave{e}}n$)" and "靈樞($l{\acute{i}}ng$ $sh{\bar{u}}$)" began to appear in 'Soul-神($sh{\acute{e}}n$) dwelling place' and 'where to gather all the Yang-'諸陽之會($zh{\bar{u}}$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $hu{\grave{i}}$)'. Also, head was recognized as '六腑($li{\grave{u}}f{\check{u}}$) 淸陽之氣($q{\bar{i}}ng$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $q{\grave{i}}$) and 五臟($w{\check{u}}$ $z{\grave{a}}ng$) 精血($j{\bar{i}}ng$ $xu{\grave{e}}$) gathering place'. More specific structures such as the brain is considered a sea of marrow(髓海-$su{\check{i}}$ $h{\check{a}}i$) in "內經($n{\grave{e}}i$ $j{\bar{i}}ng$)" and came to recognized place where a stroke occurs. Accompanying development of the recognition about head, there had been changed about the perception of headache and the recognition of the cause and mechanism of headache. And the recognition of headache began to be completed in Ming Dynasty through Jin, Yuan Dynasty. Chinese Ming Dynasty, specially 樓英($l{\acute{o}}u$ $y{\bar{i}}ng$), in "醫學綱目($y{\bar{i}}xu{\acute{e}}$ $g{\bar{a}}ngm{\grave{u}}$)", first enumerated prescription in detail by separating postpartum headache. and proposed treatment of headache especially due to postpartum sepsis(敗血-$b{\grave{a}}i$ $xu{\grave{e}}$). 許浚($x{\check{u}}$ $j{\grave{u}}n$) accepted a variety of views without impartial opinion in explaining one kind of headache in "東醫寶鑑($d{\bar{o}}ng-y{\bar{i}}$ $b{\check{a}}oji{\grave{a}}n)$" 張景岳($zh{\bar{a}}ng$ $j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$), in "景岳全書($j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$ $qu{\acute{a}}nsh{\bar{u}}$)", established his own unique classification system-新舊表裏($x{\bar{i}}nji{\grave{u}}$ $bi{\check{a}}ol{\check{i}}$)-, and offered a clear way even in treatment. Acupuncture treatment of headache in the choice of meridian has been developed as a single acupuncture point. Using the classification of headache to come for future generation as a way of locating acupoints were developed. Chinese Ming Dynasty, there are special treatments like 導引按蹻法($d{\check{a}}o$ y ${\check{i}}n$ ${\grave{a}}n$ $ji{\check{a}}o$ $f{\check{a}}$), 搐鼻法($ch{\grave{u}}$ $b{\acute{i}}$ $f{\check{a}})$, 吐法($t{\check{u}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 外貼法($w{\grave{a}}i$ $ti{\bar{e}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熨法($y{\grave{u}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 點眼法($di{\check{a}}n$ $y{\check{a}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熏蒸法($x{\bar{u}}nzh{\bar{e}}ng$ $f{\check{a}}$), 香氣療法($xi{\bar{a}}ngq{\grave{i}}$ $li{\acute{a}}of{\check{a}}$). Most of this therapy in the treatment of headache, it is not used here, but if you use a good fit for today's environment can make a difference.

Study of Behavior Characteristics of Impinging Spray of Emulsified Fuel (에멀젼연료 충돌분무의 거동특성에 관한 연구)

  • Yeom, Jeong Kuk;Kim, Hak Min
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.39 no.9
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    • pp.909-916
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    • 2015
  • In this study, to investigate the effect of spray behavior characteristics, we induce the mixing ratio of emulsified fuel using impinging spray. We formulate the emulsified fuel by mixing diesel and hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$). We set the temperature of the heating plate to $150^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, and $250^{\circ}C$, and set the injection pressures to 400, 600, 800, and 1000bar. The surfactants for the emulsified fuel mixture, which were mixed span80 and tween80 was mixed as 9:1, were fixed to 3% of the total volume of the emulsified fuel. We set the mixing ratio of $H_2O_2$ in the emulsified fuel as emulsified fuel(EF)0, EF2, EF12, and EF22. Further, we visualize the evaporation impinging spray using the Schlieren method. Based on the results of this study, we found that a higher temperature and injection pressure of the heating plate impingement led to the active diffusion of the fuel vapor, which promoted emulsified fuel evaporation. When the emulsified fuel is utilized in an actual engine, because of the temperature-drop effect of the combustion chamber, which is due to the evaporation of $H_2O_2$ in fuel and faster mixture formation is expected to decrease the engine emissions.

A Study on Kim Inhue's View of Reading: Through the Analysis of Reference Books in Haseo-Chunjib (하서(河西) 김인후(金麟厚)의 독서관에 관한 연구 - "하서전집"의 인용문헌 분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Ahn, Hyeon-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.479-500
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    • 2008
  • This study investigates Kim Inhue's view of reading through the analysis of reference books in Haseo-Chunjib(하서전집). As the result, he had read 123 different books ar least. He had quoted frequently $Sish{\bar{u}}$ $S{\bar{a}}nj{\bar{i}}ng$(사서삼경), $Sh{\check{i}}ji$(사기), $H{\grave{a}}nsh{\bar{u}}$(한서), $Zhu{\bar{a}}ngz{\check{i}}$(장자), $G{\check{u}}wenzh{\bar{e}}nb{\check{a}}o$(고문진보), $Ch{\check{u}}c{\acute{i}}$(초사), $W{\acute{e}}nxu{\check{a}}n$(문선). He had read books beyond the contemporary(sixteen centurtry) scholar's common list, and had enjoyed reading over the boundaries of stereotyped idea. While he had emphasized on the scripture of Confucian, had earned more knowledges for usefulness and the bases of scholarly writings by reading a wide spectrum of books.

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Development of Biped Walking Robot Capable of Supporting Heavy Weight (고중량 지지 가능한 이족보행로봇의 개발)

  • Choi H.S.;Lee S.J.;Oh J.H.;Kang Y.H.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.63-64
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, design modification was performed to improve the structure of ex-developed 12 D.O.F Biped walking robot, KUBIR-1 similar with human beings. The motion of KUBIR-1 was slow and had a limited walking space. Hence I designed an improved BWR named KUBIR-2 with 12 degree of freedom. KUBIR-2 was designed to solve the following problems of KUBIR-1. First, KUBIR-2 was more simply designed in the four-bar-link mechanism, and its weight was reduced. Second, it had the built-in controller and motor driver. Third, walking velocity of KUBIR-2 was increased by improvement of speed and motion joint angle range. In addition to these, we modified the structure of the foot for more stable walking.

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Fabrication and Stability of V/YSZ Cermet Membrane for Hydrogen Separation (수소 분리를 위한 V/YSZ cermet 분리막의 제조 및 안정성)

  • Jeon, Sung-Il;Park, Jung-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Jin;Choi, Soo-Hyun
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 2010
  • The powder mixture for fabricating the cermet membranes was prepared by mechanically mixing 60 vol.% vanadium with $Y_2O_3$-stabilized $ZrO_2$ (YSZ). The powder mixture was pressed into disks, which were then sintered in vacuum at $1600^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. As-sintered membrane was dense and mounted to a stainless steel ring with brazing filler. Hydrogen fluxes of V/YSZ membrane have been measured in the range of $200{\sim}350^{\circ}C$ with 100% $H_2$. The crack was formed in the both sides of membrane at $350^{\circ}C$ and pressure of 0.5 bar. During permeation experiment, vanadium of V/YSZ membrane reacted with hydrogen to form $V_2H$ which was the origin of crack formation.

Improvement of Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg by Addition of NbF5 via Mechanical Milling under H2

  • Kwak, Young Jun;Song, Jiyoung;Mumm, Daniel R.
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.23 no.10
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    • pp.562-567
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    • 2013
  • A 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $NbF_5$ sample was prepared by mechanical milling under $H_2$ (reactive mechanical grinding). Its hydriding and dehydriding properties were then examined. Activation of the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $NbF_5$ sample was not required. At n=1, the sample absorbed 3.11 wt% H for 2.5 min, 3.55 wt% H for 5 min, 3.86 wt% H for 10 min, and 4.23 wt% H for 30 min at 593K under 12 bar $H_2$. At n=1, the sample desorbed 0.17 wt% H for 5 min, 0.74 wt% H for 10 min, 2.03 wt% H for 30 min, and 2.81 wt% H for 60 min at 593K under 1.0 bar $H_2$. The XRD pattern of the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $NbF_5$ after reactive mechanical grinding showed Mg, ${\beta}-MgH_2$ and small amounts of ${\gamma}-MgH_2$, $NbH_2$, $MgF_2$ and $NbF_3$. The XRD pattern of the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $NbF_5$ dehydrided at n=3 revealed Mg, ${\beta}-MgH_2$, a small amount of MgO and very small amounts of $MgH_2$ and $NbH_2$. The 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $NbF_5$ had a higher initial hydriding rate and a larger quantity of hydrogen absorbed for 60 min than the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% MnO and the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $Fe_2O_3$, which were reported to have quite high hydriding rates and/or dehydriding rates. The 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $NbF_5$ had a higher initial dehydriding rate (after an incubation period) and a larger quantity of hydrogen desorbed for 60 min than the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% MnO and the 90 wt% Mg-10 wt% $Fe_2O_3$.

The Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1-(Hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl) Urea: Tolazamide ($C_{14}H_{21}N_3O_3S$)

  • Koo, Chung-Hoe;Suh, Jung-Sun;Yeon, Young-Hee;Watanabe, Tokunosuke
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 1988
  • Crystals of tolazamide, $C_{14}H_{21}N_3O_3S$, are triclinic space group $P{\bar{1}}$ with cell dimensions of a = 6.355 (2), b = 9.223 (2), c = 13.510 (3) A, ${\alpha}\;=\;101.04\;(8),\;{\beta}=92.80(5),\;{\gamma}\;=\;85.72\;(6)^{\circ}$ and Z = 2. Intensities were collected on an automated four-circle diffractometer using graphite-monochromated Cu K ${\alpha}$ radiations. The structure was solved by direct method and refined by full-matrix least-squares to an R factor of 0.058 for 1184 observed reflections. The molecules are dimerized by the $N-H{\cdots}O$ hydrogen bonds. There are only van der Waals interactions between these molecular dimers.

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Kinetics of Acid Hydrolysis of trans-Fluoroaquobis(ethylenediamine) Chromate(III) Cation (trans-Fluoroaquobis(ethylendiamine) Chromate(III) Cation 수화반응 속도에 대한 온도와 압력의 영향)

  • Oh Sang-Oh;Lee Sang-Hyup;Lim Jong-Wan
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.307-311
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    • 1986
  • The rates of hydrolysis of the complex, $trans^-[Cr(en)_2F(H_2O)]^{2+}$, have been investigated using spectrophotometric method at various temperatures and pressure. Temperature was 30${\circ}C$ to 50${\circ}C$ and pressure was varied up to 1500bar. The rate constant measured at 30${\circ}C$ is $2.632{\times}10^{-5}sec^{-1}$. The rate constants are decrease with increasing pressure at constants temperature. Activation volume and other activation parameters are calculated from these rate constants. The activation volumes are all positive and lie in the limited range 0.447 ∼ 3.152$cm^3$/mol and the activation entropies are small values. From the results, it was found that this reaction was endothermic and enthalphy controlled reaction in the experimental temperature.

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Characteristics of Magnetic Sengon Wood Impregnated with Nano Fe3O4 and Furfuryl Alcohol

  • Gilang Dwi LAKSONO;Istie Sekartining RAHAYU;Lina KARLINASARI;Wayan DARMAWAN;Esti PRIHATINI
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2023
  • Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) tree offers a wood of low quality and durability owing to its low density and thin cell walls. This study aimed to improve the properties of sengon wood by making the wood magnetic, producing new functions, and characterizing magnetic sengon wood. Each wood sample was treated using one of the following impregnation solutions: Untreated, 7.5% nano magnetite-furfuryl alcohol (Fe3O4-FA), 10% nano Fe3O4-FA, and 12.5% nano Fe3O4-FA. The impregnation process began with vacuum treatment at 0.5 bar for 2 h, followed by applying a pressure of 1 bar for 2 h. The samples were then tested for dimensional stability and density and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. The results showed that the Fe3O4-FA impregnation treatment considerable affected the dimensional stability, measured in terms of weight percent gain, anti-swelling efficiency, water uptake, and bulking effect, as well as the density of sengon wood. Changes in wood morphology were detected by the presence of Fe deposits in the cell walls and cell cavities of the wood using SEM-EDX analysis. XRD and FTIR analyses showed the appearance of magnetite peaks in the diffractogram and Fe-O functional groups. Based on the VSM analysis, treated sengon wood is classified as a superparamagnetic material with soft magnetic properties. Overall, 10% Fe3O4-FA treatment led to the highest increase in dimensional stability and density of sengon wood.

Excess Volumes of Aqueous Solutions of Nonionic Amphiphile 2-(2-Hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol (비이온 양친매성 분자 2-(2-Hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol 수용액의 과잉 부피)

  • Lee, Jungno;Hwang, Yoonmi;Kang, Minhee;Lim, Kyung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.516-525
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    • 2020
  • The densities of aqueous solutions of the amphiphile 2-(2-hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol (C6E2) were measured at 279.15 K and 282.15 K by vibrating-tube densitometry. Then using the density data of the binary C6E2 (1)/water(2) system, the excess volumes and partial molar volumes were determined at various compositions. Excess volume VE exhibits negative deviation for the whole region of composition, which implies relatively stronger attraction between molecules. At the C6E2 mole fraction of around 0.45, VE was at its minimum. Partial molar volume ${\bar{V}}_1$ increases monotonously with the mole fraction x1(=x) and ${\bar{V}}_2$ decreases with x. Any particular point in ${\bar{V}}_1$ and ${\bar{V}}_2$, which may point to molecular association, was unobserved.