• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.545-551
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• 2013

This study aimed to present a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic diarrhea under a sub-barrier system and investigate the development of gut microbiota in this model. Male BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized with OVA or sham-sensitized with saline, and followed by oral OVA intubation, leading to OVA-specific acute diarrhea. Compared with sham-sensitized mice, sera OVA-specific IgG1 and total IgE in OVA-sensitized mice were dramatically elevated, and the number of mast cells was greatly increased in the jejunum of the OVA-sensitized mice. Principle component analysis of the DGGE profile showed that samples from group of OVA-sensitized mice and group of sham-sensitized mice were scattered into two different regions. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the number of 16S rRNA gene copies of Lactobacillus in the colon of OVA-sensitized mice decreased significantly, while there was no significant difference in the number of Bifidobacterium and total bacteria. In conclusion, OVA-specific allergic diarrhea was successfully induced under a sub-barrier system, and changes of allergic reactions during induction was coupled with changes in gut microbiota, especially the number of colonic Lactobacillus, but the role of gut microbiota in the development of food allergic reactions needs to be further evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.642-647
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• 2016

Postlarval and juvenile anchovies Engraulis japonicus were collected using a gape net with wings in the coastal waters of Yeosu in July and August 2015, and their gut contents were analyzed. The size range of the postlarvae was 11.0-24.2 mm (notochord length) and that of the juveniles was 25.1-37.4 mm (standard length). Guts were empty in 64.5% of postlarvae and in 51.7% of juveniles. The dominant prey organisms in the guts of both postlarvae and juveniles were copepoda. Calanoida were important prey organisms for postlarvae and were dominated by nauplii of Paracalanus sp. and Calanus sp. as well as unidentified copepod naupill. Calanoida were also important in the diets of juveniles, whose gut contents were dominated by Paracalanus sp. and Cirripedia. Gut compositions were significantly different (P<0.05) among three body size levels in postlarvae and juveniles. As the body size of the postlarvae and juveniles increased, Calanoida constituted a larger proportion of the gut contents, while the proportion of copepod nauplii decreased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.404-408
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• 1989

This study was conducted to confirm amino acids from the filterate of pollen treated by purified enzyme of bee larva gut for improving pollen food. The larva gut enzyme were purified by ammonium sulfate, ethanol and Sephadex gel filtration. The filterate of pollen treated with enzyme purified by ammonium sulfate showed the highest amount of amino acids. The amount of amino acids of the filterate from which the pollen was fermented with natural contaminants is 5.5 times as much as the pollen which was not fermented. The filterate of pollen treated with enzyme of bee larva gut contained eighteen different amino acids as follows : aspartates, glutamate, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, threonine, alanine, proline , tyrosine, valine, methionine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and trytophane.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

Based on both field and laboratory experiments, seasonal changes in the species composition and abundance of phytoplankton in the gut contents of the jedo venus clam, Protothaca jedoensis, and its feeding selectivity were investigated. The phytoplankton in the gut contents comprised Bacillariophyceae (diatom), Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Dinophyceae, of which the diatoms being the most predominant throughout the year. Although the number of species and the abundance of phytoplankton in the sea water were always more diverse and more abundant than in the gut contents, the relative number and abundance were generally similar in the seawater and in the gut contents. In the laboratory experiments, the relative abundances of Coscinodiscus marginatus and Thalassirosira eccentrica were much more higher in the gut contents than any other algal species, while Paralia sulcata, Skeletonema costatum, and Eucampia zodiacus were abundant in order of cell density in the ambient water. These results suggest that P. jedoensis may feed preferably on single algal cell or smaller chains of algal cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2019

Gluten proteins are key to developing a unique quality of flour because they confer viscosity, cohesiveness, and elasticity in the dough. However, gluten can impede digestion and absorption in gluten-sensitive individuals. In this study, enteritis was induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) salt. The mice later received a diet consisting of 3%, 12%, or 30% fermented noodles with degraded gluten (FNDG) or 30% normal noodle flour for 8 weeks. FNDG did not alter the growth performance or body composition. However, FNDG resulted in increased amylase activity in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.001), and it also improved the digestive capacity. FNDG at 30% concentration increased the level of gastrin (p<0.01) implying increased gut motility. The serotonin receptor levels were significantly reduced by FNDG at 12% (p<0.05) and 30% (p<0.01) concentrations. These findings indicate that a diet containing FNDG could help in the recovery from intestinal inflammation with improving digestive ability and gut motility. Overall, the inclusion of degraded gluten in the diet was found to enhance digestion, gut motility, and absorption in mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1335-1340
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• 2019

Probiotics, including bacteria and yeast, are live microorganisms that have demonstrated beneficial effects on human health. Recently, probiotic bacteria are constantly being studied and their applications are also being considered in promising adjuvant treatments for various intestinal diseases. Clinical trials and in vivo experiments have extended our current understanding of the important roles that probiotics play in human gut microbiomeassociated diseases. It has been documented through many clinical trials that probiotics could shape the intestinal microbiota leading to potential control of multiple bowel diseases and promotion of overall wellness. In this review, we focused on the relationship between probiotics and the human gut microbiota and its roles in gut microbiome-associated diseases. Here, we also discuss future directions and research areas that need further elucidation in order to better understand the roles of probiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Evidence highlighting the importance of gut microbiota in biodiversity conservation is growing; however, gut bacteria in South Korean wildlife have not been well identified. Using a culture-dependent isolation method, we identified the gut bacteria from Korean aquatic wildlife: the gazami crab (Portunus trituberculatus), Korean striped bitterling (Acheilognathus yamatsutae), oily bitterling (Acheilognathus koreensis), leopard mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri), Korean dark chub (Zacco koreanus), diving beetle (Cybister lewisianus), spotted steed (Abbottina springeri), and Korean spotted sleeper (Odontobutis obscura interrupta). We identified 18 strains previously unrecorded in South Korea by comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates against the EzBioCloud and National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR) databases. The isolated strains belong to the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. We also assessed for phylogenetic relatedness, Gram-stain reaction, colony and cell morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Basic information and 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were registered in NIBR, and NIBR accession numbers are provided.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.640-653
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• 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of cereal-based food and animal feed. The toxicity of DON is very low compared to that of other toxins; however, the most prominent signs of DON exposure include inappetence and body weight loss, which causes considerable economic losses in the livestock industry. This review summarizes critical studies on biological DON mycotoxin mitigation strategies and the respective in vitro and in vivo intestinal effects. Focus areas include growth performance, gut health in terms of intestinal histomorphology, epithelial barrier functions, the intestinal immune system and microflora, and short-chain fatty acid production in the intestines. In addition, DON detoxification and modulation of these parameters, through biological supplements, are discussed. Biological detoxification of DON using microorganisms can attenuate DON toxicity by modulating gut microbiota and improving gut health with or without influencing the growth performance of pigs. However, the use of microorganisms as feed additives to livestock for mycotoxins detoxification needs more research before commercial use.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.24
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• 2023

Intestinal microorganisms interact with various immune cells and are involved in gut homeostasis and immune regulation. Although many studies have discussed the roles of the microorganisms themselves, interest in the effector function of their metabolites is increasing. The metabolic processes of these molecules provide important clues to the existence and function of gut microbes. The interrelationship between metabolites and T lymphocytes in particular plays a significant role in adaptive immune functions. Our current review focuses on 3 groups of metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids metabolites, and polyamines. We collated the findings of several studies on the transformation and production of these metabolites by gut microbes and explained their immunological roles. Specifically, we summarized the reports on changes in mucosal immune homeostasis represented by the Tregs and Th17 cells balance. The relationship between specific metabolites and diseases was also analyzed through latest studies. Thus, this review highlights microbial metabolites as the hidden treasure having potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets through a comprehensive understanding of the gut-immune interaction.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15.1-15.10
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• 2021

Abnormal inflammatory responses are closely associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Oral administration of Qmatrix-diabetes-mellitus complex (QDMC), an Aloe gel-based formula, has been reported to improve inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice; however, the role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating efficacy of QDMC remains unclear. We investigated the effect of QDMC on the gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetic aged mouse model that was administered a high-fat diet. Proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine levels in the fat were normalized via oral administration of QDMC, and relative abundances of Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus, and Mucispirillum were simultaneously significantly increased. The abundance of these bacteria was correlated to the expression levels of cytokines. Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory activity of QDMC is partly mediated by the altered gut microbiota composition.