• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.467-476
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• 2014

This study aims to determine the effects of mental health on obesity among Korean adolescents. The data in this study were obtained from the 2013 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 70,354 adolescents aged twelve to eighteen (35,575 males and 34,779 females) from June 1 to 30, 2013. The variables included age, the economic status of household, academic achievement, health status, perceived happiness, perceived stress, satisfaction of sleeping, perceived depression, and suicidal ideation and the data were processed using t-test, chi square test, and logistic regression analysis. The general characteristics affecting obesity for both Korean male and female adolescents included age (p<0.001), the economic status of households (p<0.001), academic achievement (p<0.001), and health status (p<0.001); the variable of mental health affecting obesity was suicidal ideation among females (p<0.05). It is expected that female adolescents' experience of suicidal ideation can be used as information to predict the likelihood of obesity in managing an obesity program for adolescents and it is necessary to provide obesity education suitable for age and to include obesity guidance in consideration of gender and the economic status.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Organizational culture provides organizational members with identity, homogeneity and behavioral guidance, and promotes organizational commitment and enhances the stability of social systems. What organizational culture positively influences organizational performance? In this study, we tried to categorize organizational culture as creativity, change, cooperation, trust and knowledge sharing for specific public institutions and to diagnose the organizational culture by examining the level of recognition of the organizational members. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on organizational culture. The result of this study shows that the degree of future - oriented and cooperative culture of the public institutions that are the subject of research is not so high. In order to improve the performance of the organization, it is necessary to create a futuristic and cooperative culture. In order to create such a culture, various efforts must be made to continuously communicate and build trust among the members of the organization. In particular, leadership efforts to distribute, transfer, and trust authority to subordinates are a priority. In other words, it is very difficult to build a future-oriented, collaborative culture successfully without the efforts of managers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2005

Recently the rural Korea has been remarkedly changed of family and social value in accordance with the development of industry. The lower economic class made by social economic growth is widespread with increasing aged, specially odd pair family in rural. The purpose of this study was to investigate to help and keep improve health of rural lower economic class, family system by comparing and analyzing the dietary management, between pair and odd pair family, and to get the data helpful the right guidance for rural. The subjects 1870 collected in 9 provinces by sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS). Questionnaire about dietary habit, food cultivation, production and preservation survey was conducted by trained interviewers. The main results were as follows : 1) The characteristics of odd pair families, head of household was female(77%), over 65 years(84.9%), small family(1.76 persons) and lower education(male 7.5 years, female 3.1 years) status. 2) As the states of diets of odd pair family, having breakfast(87.1 %) but one or two kinds of side dishes(31.3 %) only possible to guess lower status of food intake balance. Nutritional supplements(21. 7 %) was lower than that of paired family. 3) The aspects of dietary habit of odd pair family, no instant foods(70.7%), no snack(38.4%) no dine out(69.2%) were common. 4) Dietary habit scores were 7.78 points of odd pair family compared 8.34 points of paired family. 5) Food purchase place of odd pair family was market(44.2%) but super-market(42.7%) of paired family. 6)In odd pair family, seldom traditional dish preparation(62.0%) but prepared winter kimchi(81.9%), comparing seldom traditional dish(38.6%) and winter kimchi(96.4%) in paired family. 7)The food cultivation state was surveyed, pepper( 42.2 %) and chinese cabbage( 43.9 %) were consumed after cultivation, but sesame(59.4%), bean sprout(90.2%), tofu(92.8%) and egg(93.3%) were consumed by purchase in odd pair family.8) Food cultivation score of odd pair family was 2.98/12points significantly lower than 4.50/12 points of paired family(p<0.01). 9) At the status of fermentation food production in odd pair family, Duenjang(72.1 %) and Gochujang(69.7%) Kanjang(68.3%) Kimchi(82.1 %) and Meju(68.3%) were high rate of production, but more frequently producted in pair family. 10) The score of fermentation food production of odd pair family was 8.57/12points but significantly lower than 10.24/12 points of pair family(p<0.0001). 11) Food preservation score 0.48/6 points in odd pair family was not significantly different than that of pair family(1.07/6points).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.363-373
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• 2011

With rapid economic development, general demand and interest in surroundings that consist of our lives have grown gradually. In addition, as there has been increased social interest in creating landscape of roads, which considers all important factors from the user's view including accessibility, safety, and psychological stability, efforts to improve quality of roads are required. Therefore it is needed to establish standards on safe and comfort road design based on sensibility satisfaction of road users rather than based on standardized road design guidance from the engineering perspective. To this end, research was carried out to analyze sensibility satisfaction of users about road landscape focused on elements of road cross section in a city. It identified relation between sensibility satisfaction and the elements by using principal and cluster analysis, and the multiple regression models. It also found that user's satisfaction about roads and a road landscape is high with road width (3~5 meters), clear zone (2.2~3.9 meters), road central garden (1.05~1.9 meters), shoulder (0.55~1.43 meters), median (0.65~1.625 meters), the number of travel lanes (2~5), height of trees at the central garden (6.4~15 meters) and height of buildings surrounding roads (18~44 meters or 6~15 floors).

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2013

Respiratory-induced dynamic tumors render free-breathing cone-beam computed tomography (FBCBCT) images with motion artifacts complicating the task of quantifying the internal target volume (ITV). The purpose of this paper is to study the visibility of the revealed ITV when the imaging dose parameters, such as the kVp and mAs, are varied. The $Trilogy^{TM}$ linear accelerator with an On-Board Imaging ($OBI^{TM}$) system was used to acquire low-imaging-dose-mode (LIDM: 110 kVp, 20 mA, 20 ms/frame) and high-imaging-dose-mode (HIDM: 125 kVp, 80 mA, 25 ms/frame) FBCBCT images of a 3-cm diameter sphere (density=0.855 $g/cm^3$) moving in accordance to various sinusoidal breathing patterns, each with an unique inhalation-to-exhalation (I/E) ratio, amplitude, and period. In terms of image ITV contrast, there was a small overall average change of the ITV contrast when going from HIDM to LIDM of $6.5{\pm}5.1%$ for all breathing patterns. As for the ITV visible volume measurements, there was an insignificant difference between the ITV of both the LIDM- and HIDM-FBCBCT images with an average difference of $0.5{\pm}0.5%$, for all cases, despite the large difference in the imaging dose (approximately five-fold difference of ~0.8 and 4 cGy/scan). That indicates that the ITV visibility is not very sensitive to changes in imaging dose. However, both of the FBCBCT consistently underestimated the true ITV dimensions by up to 34.8% irrespective of the imaging dose mode due to significant motion artifacts, and thus, this imaging technique is not adequate to accurately visualize the ITV for image guidance. Due to the insignificant impact of imaging dose on ITV visibility, a plausible, alternative strategy would be to acquire more X-ray projections at the LIDM setting to allow 4DCBCT imaging to better define the ITV, and at the same time, maintain a reasonable imaging dose, i.e., comparable to a single HIDM-FBCBCT scan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.64-77
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• 2015

An effective method for produce munitions effectiveness data is to calculate weapon effectiveness indices in the US military's Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manuals (JMEM) and take advantage of the damage evaluation model (GFSM) and weapon Effectiveness Evaluation Model (Matrix Evaluator). However, a study about the Range Safety that can be applied in the live firing exercises is very insufficient in the case of ROK military. The Range Safety program is an element of the US Army Safety Program, and is the program responsible for developing policies and guidance to ensure the safe operation of live-fire ranges. The methodology of Weapon Danger Zone (WDZ) program is based on a combination of weapon modeling/simulation data and actual impact data. Also, each WDZ incorporates a probability distribution function which provides the information necessary to perform a quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the relative risk of an identified profile. A study of method to establish for K-Range Safety data is to develop manuals (pamphlet) will be a standard to ensure the effective and safe fire training at the ROK military education and training and environmental conditions. For example, WDZs are generated with the WDZ tool as part of the RMTK (Range Managers Tool Kit) package. The WDZ tool is a Geographic Information System-based application that is available to operational planners and range safety manager of Army and Marine Corps in both desktop and web-based versions. K-Range Safety Program based on US data is reflected in the Korean terrain by operating environments and training doctrine etc, and the range safety data are made. Thus, verification process on modified variables data is required. K-Range Safety rather than being produced by a single program, is an package safety activities and measures through weapon danger zone tool, SRP (The Sustainable Range Program), manuals, doctrine, terrain, climate, military defence M&S, weapon system development/operational test evaluation and analysis to continuously improving range safety zone. Distribution of this K-range safety pamphlet is available to Army users in electronic media only and is intended for the standing army and army reserve. Also publication and distribution to authorized users for marine corps commands are indicated in the table of allowances for publications. Therefore, this study proposes an efficient K-Range Safety Manual producing to calculate the danger zones that can be applied to the ROK military's live fire training by introducing of US Army weapons danger zone program and Range Safety Manual

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

The beneficial effect of glucose and phosphate ions in culture medium on the development of human embryos in vitro has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization and culture of embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium on pregnancy rates in IVF-ET program. The patients in 244 IVF-ET cycles received GnRH agonist + HMG regimens. A does of 10,000 IU HCG was administered when two or more dominent follicles reached 18mm in diameter. Thirty-six hours after HCG, oocytes were recovered transvaginally using ultrasound guidance. Aspirated oocytes were matured for 4 to 6 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% follicular fluid (FF). Insemination was carried out with 50,000 motile spermatozoa in TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% fetal cord serum (FCS) according to experimental design. After 6 h, oocytes were washed 3 to 4 times and cultured in each fresh medium. After 20 h, oocytes were freed from cumulus/corona cells and examined for the presence of pronuclei. Fertilized oocytes were transferred into each co-culture drops and cultured for further incubation. On day 3, embryo transfer was performed with grade 1 and 2 embryos. Monolayers for co-culture of embryos were prepared by plating $1{\times}10^5$ cumulus cells/ml in 10ul drop of TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% FCS media 24 h prior to the onset of co-culture. Development to 4 to 16 cell stage was observed at 70x magnification following two days of incubation. Pregnancy was confirmed by detecting increasing serum ${\beta}$-hCG concentrations for 11 days following embryo transfer. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test. Oocytes from 244 IVF-ET cycles were randomized. The number of cycles and mean age of patients were 97 and 147, 31.3 yrs and 31.2 yrs for TCM-199 (control) and m-TALP groups, respectively. The mean number of retrieved oocytes/cycle, fertilization rates, number of embryos transferred/ET and pregnancy rates were 11.1 and 10.3, 65.1% and 67.3%, 4.1 and 4.7, 28.9% and 43.8% for TCM-199 and m-TALP groups, respectively. Differences in the pregnancy rates were found between control and m-TALP groups (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate of patients divided according to maternal age groups of ${\leq}30$, 31-35, $36{\leq}$ were 44.4% and 49.0%, 26.1% and 41.3%, 29.2% and 41.2% for control and m-TALP groups, respectively. These data indicate that culture of human embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium improves pregnancy rates.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the influence of object shape and distance from the center of the image on the volumetric accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, according to different parameters of tube voltage and current. Materials and Methods: Four geometric objects(cylinder, cube, pyramid, and hexagon) with predefined dimensions were fabricated. The objects consisted of Teflon-perfluoroalkoxy embedded in a hydrocolloid matrix (Dupli-Coe-Loid TM; GC America Inc., Alsip, IL, USA), encased in an acrylic resin cylinder assembly. An Alphard Vega Dental CT system (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan) was used to acquire CBCT images. OnDemand 3D (CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) software was used for object segmentation and image analysis. The accuracy was expressed by the volume error (VE). The VE was calculated under 3 different exposure settings. The measured volumes of the objects were compared to the true volumes for statistical analysis. Results: The mean VE ranged from -4.47% to 2.35%. There was no significant relationship between an object's shape and the VE. A significant correlation was found between the distance of the object to the center of the image and the VE. Tube voltage affected the volume measurements and the VE, but tube current did not. Conclusion: The evaluated CBCT device provided satisfactory volume measurements. To assess volume measurements, it might be sufficient to use serial scans with a high resolution, but a low dose. This information may provide useful guidance for assessing volume measurements.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.297-304
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• 2015

Recently, the demand for a PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) system based on autonomous navigation is increasing. Accordingly, the applicability investigations of the PRT system on rail tracks or roadways have been widely studied. In the case of unmanned vehicle operations without physical guideways on roadways, to monitor the position of the vehicle in real time is very important for stable, robust and reliable guidance of an autonomous vehicle. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been commercially used for vehicle positioning. However, it cannot be applied in environments as tunnels or interiors of buildings. The PRT navigation system based on magnetic markers reference sensing that can overcome these environmental restrictions and the vehicle dynamics model for its H/W configuration are presented in this study. In addition, the design of a control S/W dedicated for unmanned operation of a PRT vehicle and its prototype implementation for experimental validation on a pilot network were successfully achieved.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.577-584
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• 2013

IGRT(Image Guided Radiation Therapy) in radiation therapy is a very useful technique in order to increase setup of patient and position reproducibility. Tomotherapy can increase accuracy of setup to take IGRT by MVCT, but it be for verified accuracy of Image guided, and MVCT occurs the exposure of patient. Through this study, IGRT accuracy of Tomotherapy is very accurate within 1.0mm. When MVCT using Tomotherapy phantom for QA, QC be taken, exposure dose is Fine(2mm Slice thickness) 3cGy, Normal(4mm Slice thickness) 1.5cGy, Corse(6mmSlice thickness) 1.0cGy. Measurement value of spatial resolution using AAPM CT performance phantom did't cause a big difference. As a result, ability of IGRT in Tomotherapy is very accurate. While obtaining image for IGRT, we should minimize expose range because patient's be exposed to radiation. We should make an effort to do accurate radiation therapy to minimize exposure of patient by selecting the appropriate thickness of MVCT depending on patient's body and treat area.