• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2004

Apartment, which have become the major housing style in Korea, have contributed to the development of housing culture as well as achieved a growth in volume. However, the demands and characteristics of residents have not been reflected in the apartment, because it has been developed only for a growth in volume. In this society, housing unit was the first consideration rather than common space. Therefore, a required resident-centered common space is the domestic housing market's necessity. Under this circumstance, this study investigated previous studies on interior design guidelines for common space were analyzed using Murtha and Lee's user benefit criteria which emphasizes humanity. In-depth content analysis was employed in this study. The result showed that four categories of the model were related toward more user-centered residential environment-behavioral facilitation, physiological maintenance, perceptual maintenance, and social facilitation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.187-210
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• 2006

China continues to experience an expansion of its e-Commerce industry. This is true both for B2C and for B2B sectors. B2C websites are created by various players. B2C E-commerce is divided into three categories in China: online direct sale, online retail, and online booking services. Online retail remains the major form of B2C business, and online booking services and online direct sale also maintained rapid growth. The rapid growth of B2C E-commerce in China was due to three factors. Firstly, the number of Internet users is increasing, which expands E-commerce user base. Secondly, users' acceptance and recognition of E-commerce are gradually increasing. Lastly, improvement on payment, logistics and credit also provides a better and better industrial environment for B2C e-commerce. The B2C sector has seen a low transaction volume in spite of its large number of websites. The B2B sectors has seen a higher transaction volume and more stable growth than the B2C sector. There is a wide range of the total market size estimated by different sources. China's C2C market witnessed rapid growth in 2005, the market growth may slow down in 2006 and 2007, due to heavy market competition, challenges to the business model and slow corporate user growth. But there is the bottlenecks in E-commerce in China. The purpose of this paper is contribute to development E-commerce in China by finding the solutions of the bottlenecks in E-commerce in China.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.943-954
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the breast growth variation trends and characteristics of Korean adolescent girls based on 3D body measurements. Subjects were 174 girls aged between 13 and 18. 3D body scanning data were collected and the data were measured by Geomagic Design X program. The total of 18 anthropometric measurements and 4 index items were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) Overall, the breast growth of adolescent girls got out of children's body shapes at the age of 14 and the adult's body shapes appeared remarkably at the age of 18. Before the age of 15, the adolescent girls' breast enlarged. 2) The surface lengths of upper body, which means the breast volume, showed significant growth above B cup groups rather than under A cup groups. The demand of B cup size (32.2%) was higher than A cup size (25.9%). And 35.6% of subjects' brassiere band size was 70. 3) The thorax grew evenly in the circumference, depth and breadth. The thoracic development related to the breast volume as well as the whole upper body's development. These results reveal that it is necessary to develop adolescent girls' brassiere reflecting on adolescent girls' breast growth variation trends and characteristics by age, breast size and thoracic development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.657-659
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• 2022

Hydroponics and aquaponics are attracting attention as they enable automated farm management and stable production thanks to the spread of smart farms. There are issues that need to be addressed in applying smart farm, but one of them is to be able to respond flexibly to demand by automatically deciding when to ship, which requires a method for automatically determining the growth level of crops. In this paper, we focused on the simple fact that the area and volume occupied by crops increase with the growth of them, and showed that it is possible to monitor the growth process of crops with 2D and 3D cameras, and to determine the degree of growth of crops by calculating the area and volume. It is necessary to verify the method by applying it to various environments and crops, but in the case of common crops in hydroponics and aquaponics, it is possible to determine the growth level through the analysis of the acquired image through 2D and 3D camera.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 2005

In Korea, the volume of insurance industry has been increased rapidly with helping the economic growth, the increment of GNP and derive of public welfare policy. But the other side of the volume increment, the life insurers have some problems, such as the high rate of turnover, lapses and surrenders, in processing of acquiring more insurance contracts. The object of this paper is the analysis of the causes and properties of the high rate of turnover, lapses and surrenders using statistical survival model. Also we hope that the insurers will use the results of analysis to reduce the rates.

• Transportation Technology and Policy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.75-79
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.49-54
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• 1998

The growth of diamond films in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) processes requires high substrate temperatures and gas pressures, as well as high-power excitation of the gas source. Thus determining the substrate temperature in this severe environment is a challenge. The issue is a critical one since substrate temperature is a key parameter for understanding and optimizing diamond film growth. The precise Si substrate temperature calibration based on rapid-scanning spectroscopic ellipsometry have been developed and utilized. Using the true temperature of the top 200 ${\AA}$ of the Si substrate under diamond growth conditions, real time spectroellipsometry (RTSE) has been performed during the nucleation and growth of nanocrystallind thin films prepared by PECVD. RTSE shows that a significant volume fraction of nondiamond(or{{{{ {sp }^{2 } -bonded}}}}) carbon forms during thin film coalescence and is trapped near the substrate interface between ∼300 ${\AA}$ diamond nuclei.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2000

The growth-strain method was used for shape optimization of multi-connected structures. It was verified that the growth-strain method is very effective for shape optimization of structures with only one free surface to be deformed. But it could not provide reasonable optimized shape for multi-connected structures, when the growth-strain method is applied as it is. The purpose of this study is to improve the growth-strain method for shape optimization of multi-connected two- and three- dimensional structures. In order to improve, the problems that occurred as the growth-strain method was applied to multi-connected structures were examined, and then the improved method was suggested. The effectiveness and practicality of the developed shape optimization system was verified by numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2022

In this study, we numerically simulate the condensational growth of micron-sized particles traveling through a pipe filled with humidified air. Using the finite volume method and Lagrangian particle tracking technique, the mixture of particle-laden flow with moist air in a T-juction pipe is simulated. The condensational growth of particles is calculated by considering the mass transfer of vapor in the air onto the particle surface. The results indicate that the growth rate of the particles increases as the relative humidity of air is higher. Furthermore, the placement of a porous media with low permeability in the pipe could enhance the degree of condensational growth.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.597-603
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• 1999

Caldesmon (CaD), one of microfilament-associated proteins, plays a key role in microfilament assembly in mitosis. We have investigated the effects of overexpression of the high molecular weight isoform of CaD (h-CaD) on the physiology of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Rat aortic VSMCs were stably transfected with plasmids carrying a full length human h-CaD cDNA under control of cytomegalovirus promoter. The majority of the overexpressed h-CaD appears to be localized predominantly on cytoskeleton structures as determined by detergent lysis. The overexpression of h-CaD, however, does not decrease the level of endogenous low molecular weight isoform of CaD. h-CaD overexpressing VSMCs (h-CaD/VSMCs) show a decreased growth rate than that of vector-only transfected cells when determined by $[^3H]thymidine$ uptake and cell counting after fetal bovine serum (FBS) stimulation. h-CaD/VSMCs were smaller than vector-transfected cells by 18% in cell diameter. These data suggest that overexpression of h-CaD can inhibit the poliferation and the cell volume of VSMCs stimulated by growth factors and that the gene therapy with h-CaD may be helpful to prevent the conditions associated with hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of VSMCs after arterial injuries.