• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.489-507
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• 2020

In this paper we discussed some growth properties of entire functions of several complex variables on the basis of (p, q)-𝜑 relative Gol'dberg type and (p, q)-𝜑 relative Gol'dberg weal type where p, q are positive integers and 𝜑(R) : [0, +∞) → (0, +∞) is a non-decreasing unbounded function.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.739-748
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• 2020

The study aims to estimate the effect of current ratio (CR), current liability to inventory (CLI), total asset turnover (TAT), net profit margin (NPM), sales growth (SG), and company size (FS) on profit growth (PG). The research population was 18 companies in the Food and Beverage (F&B) sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014-2018. The data estimation method uses the common effect panel data regression model. The empirical findings show that the CR and CLI ratios have a negative effect on PG, while the TAT, NPM, and SG ratios have a positive effect. Company size is a factor that does not affect the growth of company profits. The results of the study imply that an increase in company profits can be achieved if the company operates efficiently and with low liquidity to encourage higher sales growth. The limitations of the research are as follows: first, this research considers only one type of industry, hence the results of this study would not be the same if applied to another type of industry. Second, the author observes profit growth by using the company's financial ratios and size and ignores other factors that may affect profit growth, for example, the number of employees, total net sales, and market capitalization.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.528-535
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• 1997

$LiTaO_3$ single crystals of congruently melting composition were grown by the halogen lamp type floating zone system. Calcination and sintering parameters for the growth were established. Optimum crystal growth conditions were investigated by a controlling of growth rates, rotation speeds and atmospheres. Based on the melting aspect and the shape of molten zone, stable conditions could not be found in air or Na atmosphere. However the growth stability in Ar atmosphere was more regular than that in air or $N_2$. The grown crystals were characterized using Laue back reflection, Curie temperature, refractive index and transmittance. Curie temperature fluctuation in the section of the grown crystal part of top, body and tail was $1^{\circ}C$.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.50-56
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• 2022

Change Orders generally impact cost and schedule performance of highway projects. However, highway projects that do not have any change orders also face cost growth and schedule delays. This study seeks to determine the cost and schedule performance of Texas DOT projects by collecting project data for 120 highway projects completed between 2016 to 2020. For the study, we selected project data that has zero or negative change orders which were then grouped and analyzed based on their Project Types i.e., maintenance works; structural works; restoration and rehabilitation works; and safety works. The study found that performance of Maintenance and Safety type projects had less cost and schedule growth among the data analyzed. Statistical tests also found that even though the projects have no change orders, Rehabilitation and Restoration type projects experienced significant schedule growth compared to others. However, the data did not show any significant cost and schedule growth for the projects when statistical tests were performed on overall data. The study concluded that highway projects are experiencing schedule growth even though the projects had no change orders. Results from the study can help planners, engineers, and administrators to gain better insight on how different types of highway projects are performing in terms of cost and schedule and eventually derive appropriate solutions to minimize cost and schedule growth in such projects.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2022

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate what motivates global FDI inflows in the different economic development level and to clarify the FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth. Design/methodology/approach - Major macroscopic social·economic factors induced FDI inflows were analyzed using fixed-effect panel regression with 30-year panel data of 28 countries from 1985 to 2014. For analysis in the stage of economic growth, two category of developed and developing countries was used. And to analyze FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth, 4 shares of GDP; consumption·government·investment expenditure and export, was used as explanatory variable. Findings - In developed country, TFP(total factor productivity) and GDP have a great influence on FDI inflows, and consumption and labor compensation have a slight effect. This result indicates that the market seeking-driven, horizontal type investment is shown along with efficiency seeking investment. In developing country, human capital and TFP is shown to have greater impact on FDI inflows and labor compensation, exports, investment and government expenditures also have impacts. Thus it has confirmed that not only efficiency-seeking vertical investment for using low cost well educated laborer, but also government-driven economic growth and export policies could affect the FDI inflows. Research implications or Originality - The FDI investment decision making of multinational companies is decided by their own purpose. But, in the concept of as follows; 1) FDI is a long-term capital flowing for maximization of economic utility with limited global resource, 2) Thus FDI could be affected by macro socio·economic factors of host country. 3) Also such macro factors is different by each economic growth qualitative level. Therefore macro socio·economic factors of each country could be affected by the qualitative level of their own economic growth. To attract FDI inflows, it is desirable to implement differentiated incentive policies in the qualitative level of economic growth. Furthermore in developing countries it is recommended to implement government driven economic growth policies as follows; fostering well educated human resources, improving technology productivity in the relative lower cost labor market compared to developed countries and boosting international export volume.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2011

Cyclic loading due to traffic, excavation and blasting causes microcrack growth in rocks over long period of time, and this type of loading often causes rock to fail at a lower stress than its monotonically determined strength. Thus, the crack growth and coalescence under cyclic loading are important for the long-term stability problems. In this research, experiments using gypsum as a model material for rock are carried out to investigate crack propagation and coalescence under monotonic and cyclic loading. Both monotonic and cyclic tests have a similar wing crack initiation position, wing crack initiation angle, cracking sequence and coalescence type. Three types of crack coalescence were observed; Type I, II and III. Type I coalescence occurs due to a shear crack and Type II coalescence occurs through one wing or tension crack. For Type III, coalescence occurs through two wing or tension cracks. Fatigue cracks appear in cyclic tests. Two types of fatigue crack initiation directions, coplanar and horizontal directions, are observed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

We examined the macrophage activity of Codonopsis lanceolata and its effect on the growth of lactic starter culture when it was added to fermented milk. Nitric oxide(NO) and interleukin-1${\alpha}(IL-1{\alpha})$ were increased significantly(p<0.05) by addition of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Tumer necrosis factor-${\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ was increased significantly (p<0.05) by addition of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract or 70% ethanol extract at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Water extract of Codonopsis lanceolata showed higher macrophage activity than 70% ethanol extract. Growth of lactic starter culture was inhibited by the increased addition of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract, resulting in less decrease in pH. A stirred type or drink type fermentation process seemed mote suitable than a set type in proper production of Codonopsis lanceolata extract added fermented milk.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 2007

We examined the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract on macrophage activity and its effect on the growth of lactic starter culture when added to fermented milk. Greater amounts of Acanthopanax senticosus extract correlated with higher macrophage activity (p<0.05), in particular at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Water extract of Acanthopanax senticosus resulted in higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) than 70% ethanol extract at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. In contrast, 70% ethanol extract resulted in higher $interleukin-1{\alpha}\;(IL-1{\alpha})$ and Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ levels than water extract. The growth of lactic starter culture was inhibited by increasing amounts of Acanthopanax senticosus water extract, resulting in a lower decrease in pH. A stirred type or drink type fermentation process seemed more suitable than a set type for the proper production of Acanthopanax senticosus extract added to fermented milk.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2000

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the transforming growth factor-$\beta$ type II receptor (TGE$\beta$RII) gene of the rat was studied. TGF$\beta$RII is a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated by mutation in human colon cancers. A novel nucleotide polymorphism of G to A(or A to G), which causes a silent mutation at codon 129, was found in G:C rich sequence in the TGF$\beta$RII gene of Sprague-Dawley rats. The results suggest that genetic polymorphism occures without a strain of the laboratory animal.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-23
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• 2011

The current streetlight system have been tried various attempts. but during maintenance, it has caused the traffic congestion and many risk factors. In addition, maintenance costs are very expensive to manage and the local government have to establish countermeasures about the present condition. If neglected, it may cause a variety of social problems. so, there should be a measure to prevent problems. This rotational and up-and-down type streetlight can be a solution to these factors and it has been highlighted indirectly in terms of green growth because we have to take advantage of the value.