• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2020

An actual fire test was performed on single combustibles placed in a local cinema complex, and quantitative differences in the maximum heat release rate (HRR) and fire growth rate were investigated based on the design fire curve methods (i.e., the general and 2-stage methods). In terms of combustible use and fire load, a total of 12 combustibles were selected, classified into cinema lounge and movie theater. It was found that the maximum HRR and fire growth rate determined using the two-stage method were quantitatively different from those of the general method. The application of the two-stage method, which can be used to determine the fire growth rate of the initial fire stage more precisely, could be useful in accurately predicting the activation time of fire detectors and fire-extinguishing facilities, as well as the available safe egress time (ASET) and required safe egress time (RSET).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2001

This study was designed to estimate on the interaction of the first productivity, light condition and to examine the ecophysiological characteristics of Zoysia japonica. rtificial community of Zoysia japonica was analyzed effect of matter production and growth construction under various shading condition. The results summarized this experiment were as follows; 1. The relative growth rate (RGR) in all experimental plots was high during the growth stage of 20 days after transplanting, and then decreased. The maxium RGR value appeared in the control plot (2.13g/g. 10days) during the growth stage from 10 to 20 days after transplating. RGR value in server shading of short day condition was remarkably decreased from the early growth stage. The main factor to lower RGR value considered as a short day condition than that of shading. 2. The net assimilation rate (NAR) in all experimental plots except 3hour photoperiod plot was high during the early growth stage after transplanting, and then decreased early growth stage after transplanting, and then decreased as the growth proceeded. The maxium value appeared in the control plot (35g/g. 10days). NAR value in the severe shading of short day condition plots was low. Especially, NAR value in the three hours photoperiod plot was remarkably low from the early growth, there was no great difference by growth stage. NAR had negative correlation with LAI and positive correlation with RGR. 3. The increasing rate of leaf area ratio(LAR) was high during the early growth stage after transplanting in the control plot and in the photoperiod plot, the shorter the exposure time to sunlight, the higher the LAR value from the early growth stage. Especially, its value in the 3 hour photoperiod plot was remarkably high but its increasing rate was lower as the growth proceeded. LAR hade negative correlation on RGR and NAR. 4. The crop growth rate(CGR) in each experimental plot was increased until 50 days after transplanting, and then decreased. After that time, the maxium CGR value appeared in the control plot (1.56g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. 10-days), 60 days after transplanting, CGR had positive correlation with LAI. The optimum LAI in the control, 9 hour, 7 hour, 5 hour, and 3 hour photoperiod plots appeared as 1.87, 1.12, 0.83, and 0.18.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

This study was conducted to elucidate the mid-growth of Norway spruce at the age of 27 and select the superior provenances in Korea. Growth performance of twenty-four provenances from Germany and Rumania were investigated in four plantations. Significant differences were found in growth (height, DBH, volume) with plantations. Maximum growth were detected on plantation Chuncheon which located in most northern area, and minimum growth were detected on plantation Wanju located in most southern area. The rank of height in provenances has fluctuated, but superior/inferior groups have been almost fixed. 840-23, 840-10, 840-19 in Germany, G1-64-57, G1-64-54 in Rumania proved excellent provenances. Height in early stage positively correlated with that in late stage. The growth was positively correlated with latitude and altitude of plantations, but negatively correlated with temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1986.06a
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• pp.30-31
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• 1986

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.101-102
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• 1998

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in Asia. Triterpene saponins, known as ginsenosides, are the major pharmacological compounds in P. ginseng. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in ginsenoside composition according to the foliation stage of P. ginseng cultured in a hydroponic system. Among the three tested growth stages (closed, intermediate, and opened), the highest amount of total ginsenoside in the main and fine roots was in the intermediate stage. In the leaves, the highest amount of total ginsenoside was in the opened stage. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaf was markedly increased in the transition from the closed to intermediate stage, and increased more slowly from the intermediate to opened leaf stage, suggesting active biosynthesis of ginsenosides in the leaf. Conversely, the total ginsenoside content of the main and fine roots decreased from the intermediate to opened leaf stage. This suggests movement of ginsenosides during foliation from the root to the leaf, or vice versa. The difference in the composition of ginsenosides between the leaf and root in each stage of foliation suggests that the ginsenoside profile is affected by foliation stage, and this profile differs in each organ of the plant. These results suggest that protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol(PPT)-type ginsenosides are produced according to growth stage to meet different needs in the growth and defense of ginseng. The higher content of PPT-type ginsenosides in leaves could be related to the positive correlation between light and PPT-type ginsenosides.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1988

Biosynthesis and processing of cytoplasmic mRNA from heterogenous nuclear RNA (hn-RNA) in Aspergillus phoenicis were studied by $^{3}H$-uridine labeling and synchronous culture techniques during their life cycle. Incorporations of $^{3}H$-uridine into hn-RNA and mRNA were most rapid in vesicle-phialide fromation stage and diminished in hyphal growth stage. The processing of cytoplasmic mRNA from hn-RNA was proceeded more rapidly in hyphal growth and conidiophore formation stages than in conidia and vesicle-phialide formation stages. The specific radioactivities of hn-RNA and mRNA were very high in vesicle-phialide formation stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.402-408
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• 2002

Rice cultivar 'Janganbyeo' was cultivated by irrigating the saline waters of high salinity (3.0%) and medium saliniy (1.5%) for 4 days, and low salinity (0.5%) for 30 days at tillering, early meiosis and heading stage. Leaf injury due to salinity was most severe at tillering stage in 1999, but at heading stage in 2000. Heading date was delayed by 1 to 5 days by treatment of saline waters only at tillering stage. Culm length and panicle length were most severely shortened by treatment at early meiosis stage. Yield and yield components except for panicle number were decreased most by high salinity treatment regardless of growth stages. In particular, ripening ratio and grain weight among the yield components were decreased most conspicuously by the saline water treatment regardless of salinity and growth stage. Regarding grain weight grain-filling rate and duration, there is no remarked difference among the concentrations and treatment durations of saline water at tillering stage. However, their reductions were very different among the concentrations and treatment durations of saline water at early meiosis stage, being greatest when treated with high salinity for 4 days and followed by low salinity for 30 days. Also their reductions were very severe only when treated with high salinity for 4 days at heading stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.478-482
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• 2001

This experiment conducted to know physiological characteristics and stress effect on different growth stage of soybean by night illumination. Soybean variety, Shinpaldalkong 2, Keumjungkong and Muhankong were treated by night illumination with 20~30 Lux (0.05~0.08W m$^{-2}$ , 0.24~0.36 $\mu$㏖ S$^{-1}$ m$^{-2}$ ) for 15 days at six different growth stage, seedling, pre-floral initiation, post-floral initiation, pod filling and seed ripening stage. Night illumination delayed flowering to 2~8 days compared to control. Delay of flowering by night illumination severely effected at the pre-floral initiation stage. Stem length was increased all the night illumination treatments except the pod filling stage. Number of nodes in Shinpaldalkong 2 and Keumjungkong 1 were increased until before post-floral initiation stage but in Muhankong were increased until after post-floral initiation stage by night illumination treatments. Number of pods were decreased all the night illumination treatments except seedling stage compared with control. Yield decreased all the treatments and severe the loss rate degree showed the order of prefloral initiation, post-floral initiation, seedling and flowering stage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of brushing on overgrowth inhibition, growth, yield and starch content in spring-grown potato in the netted house. The plant growth of aerial parts was inhibited with growth stage and brushing duration. Especially, The number of lateral branches decreased greatly with brushing duration. The stem length and stem diameter were not different significantly between brushing and non-brushing on May 6. But the stem length was long in later growth stage but short in longer brushing duration. Chlorophyll content by SPAD increased with growth stage regardless of non-brushing duration and ranged from 30 to 36 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The fresh and dry weight of aerial part and tuber were heavy in longer brushing duration. Starch content was higher in brushing treatment as compared to non-brushing and increased with brushing duration.