• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Bean sprouts are often cultivated in the circumstances prevailing in the improper using of germicide and growth enhancer. The influence of ingestion those bean sprouts are unknown. The components of the bean sprouts are needed to evaluate for food safety. The extracts of the control, 0.5 g/L germicide, 1 g/L germicide, 12.5 mL/L growth enhancer and 25 mL/L growth enhancer were used to compare the components in the experiment. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to analyze the extracts. Statistical analysis of metabolomics showed significant changes between the control and head and the stem of the bean sprouts. Significant changes in metabolites were identified with the bean sprouts cultivated with germicide and growth enhancer by applying qualitative and quantitative analysis. Similar changes in the area of the bean sprouts were observed after treated to germicide and growth enhancer. Although treating germicide and growth enhancer showed no particular harmful metabolites changes to human, it made significant changes in the morphological and the metabolites of the bean sprouts. These changes indicate that the germicide and growth enhancer has substantially potential to influence the growth of the bean sprouts.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1989

조직특이적 및 일반적 유전자 발현에 미치는 SV40와 murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) enhancer의 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) 유전자의 아래쪽에 이들 enhancer들을 삽입한 재조합 플라스미드 들을 제조하였다. 원숭이세포(CV1PO)와 HeLa 세포에 이들 플라스미드들을 이입시킨 후, CAT 유전자가 발현되는 정도를 조사하였다. Enhancer가 없는 플라스미드에 비해 SV40와 MCMV enhancer는 CAT의 발현을 각각 20배와 150배로 가중시켰다. CAT 유전자의 앞에 있는 SV40 프로모터를 2.2kbp의 소성장호르몬(bGH) 유전자의 조절부위로 치환한 경우는 enhancer가 있어도 전혀 CAT 의 말현이 검출되지 않았다. 조절부위을 230 bp 로 짧게 하여 치환한 경우는, SV 40 enhancer 가 있을 때, CAT의 말현이 매우 증가하였다. 이와는 내조적으로 더 강한 MCMV enhancer는 bGH 특이적인 발현을 별로 증가시키지 못하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2020

Prebiotics are defined as "Nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria in the intestine" and as defined improve host health. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 and Bifidobacterium longum BB536) growth enhancer (BE0623) supplement as a prebiotic. The addition of BE0623, a growth promoting material for bifidobacteria, significantly increased bifidobacteria viable cells counts in fermented milk by about 45 to 75 times compared to the non-added control group. In addition, microscopic observation showed a significant effect on proliferation of bifidobacteria in fermented milk with added BE0623. The viable cell counts in bifidobacteria also increased roughly 102-fold compared to the control group (non-added BE0623) and was higher than that of commercial growth promoters. Each fraction obtained though the purification of BE0623 influenced the increase of bifidobacteria growth. Culturing bifidobacteria with a combination of fractions of BE0623 had a synergistic effect compared to culturing bifidobacteria with each fraction individually. When any of the fractions were not added, the effect of the growth enhancer on bifidobacteria was reduced. These results indicate that all fractions contain substances that promote the growth of bifidobacteria. Therefore, BE0623 is considered to be available as a growth promoting material for bifidobacterium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.784-788
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• 2007

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a hypothalamic neuropeptide can stimulate the growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary. In this study, a porcine GHRH expression plasmid pHC-GHRH was used to enhance growth performance through ectopic expressions in muscle tissues of rats. Rats injected with the plasmid of pHC-GHRH and pCMV-GHRH exhibited cumulative weight gains 6.4% and 1% greater than controls. During a 5-day period, significant weight gain differences were observed as follows compared with that of control: during 5-10 days post-injection (DPI) period, the group pHC-GHRH on average 14.5% heavier than controls, $40.73{\pm}0.88$ g vs. $35.57{\pm}1.23$ g (p = 0.0023); during 10-15 DPI period, the group pHC-GHRH on average 13.6% heavier than controls, $37.49{\pm}2.85$ g vs. $33.00{\pm}1.56$ g (p = 0.0146); during 15-20 DPI period, the group pHC-GHRH on average 17.8% heavier than controls, $25.64{\pm}1.39$ g vs. $21.77{\pm}1.27$ g (p<0.05). In addition, plasmids-treated rats maintained higher serum IGF-I than controls. Significant differences of IGF-I were observed on 13 DPI and on 40 DPI in pHC-GHRH group compared with that of controls. This was accomplished through the use of an improved expression cassette that included the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early enhancer/promoter in combination with a 1.5-kilobase portion of porcine ${\alpha}$-skeletal muscle actin promoter.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.115-117
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• 2006

A micro algal growth-enhancing polysaccharide compound was isolated from the green alga Monostroma nitidum using water extraction, molecular fractionation, a DEAE-cellulose column, and fast protein liquid chromatography using a Superose-12 column. The yield of the compound from the seaweed powder was 8.3$\times$l0$^{-3}$%. At 2 mg/mL concentration, the polysaccharide enhanced Tetraselmis suecica cell growth in f/2 medium by approximately 160%.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to characterize the iontophoretic transport of growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP-6) through hairless mouse skin from aqueous solution. The effect of various factors, such as pH, poloarity, current profile, current density, current duration, ionic strength, drug concentration, and enhancer application was studied to obtain basic knowledge on the transport. We have also studied the stability of GHRP-6 in solution with/without current. The donor chamber was filled with phosphate buffer solution containing GHRP-6 and the receptor chamber was filled with phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Ag/AgCl electrode was used for their stability and reversibility. At a predetermined time interval, sampling was made and the concentration of drug was analysed using HPLC system. The results showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased markedly by the application of anodal current. Cathodal flux was similar to passive flux. Flux increased with the current density, the duration of current application and drug concentration. The effect of enhancers on the flux was studied using hydrophilic (5% N-methyl pyrrolidone) and hydrophobic (5% propylene glycol monolaurate, 5% oleic acid) enhancers. Application of enhancer also increased the flux.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2006년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.149-150
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• 2006

• 환경생물
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2014

Heterosigma akashiwo의 대발생 기작을 규명하기 위하여 환경 요인들에 따른 성장률을 각각 비교하였다. 환경요인, 염분, N:P ratio, 철 (Fe), 셀레늄 (Se)을 대상으로 국내 배양주 2종과 국외 배양주 1종의 성장 특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과, H. akashiwo 배양주는 염분과 철의 농도에 따른 최대 성장률의 특성을 기반으로 지리학적 특이성을 찾기는 힘들었으나, 염분에 대한 내성은 강하여 10 psu에서 40 psu에서 생존이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. N:P ratio와 셀레늄은 국내 배양주와 국외 배양주의 차이를 보였다. 이와 같은 생리학적 특성에 대한 결과를 보았을 때, H. akashiwo가 염분에 대한 높은 내성을 기반으로 우점할 수 있으며, 풍부한 영양염을 이용하여 더욱 빠른 성장으로 대발생을 가능하게 할 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

The aim of current study was to evaluate the toxicity of nonylphenol(NP) on soil nematode, Caenorhabditi elegans. The stress-related gene expression, growth, reproduction and development have been employed to monitor soil toxicity. The 24-h median effect concentrations $(LC_{50s})$ of NP was $0.15mg/L$. The expressions of vitellogenin-6, vitellogenin-2, cytochrome P450 family protein 35a2 and apoptosis enhancer-1 genes were upregulated in C. elegans by NP exposure. Alterations in growth, reproduction and development were also observed in NP-exposed group and especially hatching failure was observed. The overall results indicate that C. elegans has considerable potential as sensitive markers for NP toxicity monitoring.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2022

WNT signaling plays an important role in cardiac development, but abnormal activity is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, remodeling, and heart failure. The effect of WNT signaling on regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Wnt agonist 1 (Wnta1) on ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria. Wnta1 treatment significantly increased atrial ANP secretion and pulse pressure; these effects were blocked by U73122, an antagonist of phospholipase C. U73122 also abolished the effects of Wnta1-mediated upregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) β and γ expression, and the PKC antagonist Go 6983 eliminated Wnta1-induced secretion of ANP. In addition, Wnta1 upregulated levels of phospho-transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (p-TAK1), TAK1 banding 1 (TAB1) and phospho-activating transcription factor 2 (p-ATF2); these effects were blocked by both U73122 and Go 6983. Wnta1-induced ATF2 was abrogated by inhibition of TAK1. Furthermore, Wnta1 upregulated the expression of T cell factor (TCF) 3, TCF4, and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), and these effects were blocked by U73122 and Go 6983. Tak1 inhibition abolished the Wnta1-induced expression of TCF3, TCF4, and LEF1 and Wnta1-mediated ANP secretion and changes in mechanical dynamics. These results suggest that Wnta1 increased the secretion of ANP and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria by activation of PKC-TAK1-ATF2-TCF3/LEF1 and TCF4/LEF1 signaling mainly via the WNT/Ca²⁺ pathway. It is also suggested that WNT-ANP signaling is implicated in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.