• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.306-313
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• 2016

Tooth wear is known as a normal physiological process which gradually progresses. It is reported that vertical dimension can be kept stable because amount of physiologically worn loss could be compensated by growth of alveolar bone and tooth eruption. However, excessive tooth wear as pathologic wear can cause pathologic pulp, disharmony with occlusal plane, functional disorders and esthetic problems so that full mouth rehabilitation could be needed in these cases. Recovery of function and esthetic improvement should be considered for alteration of the vertical dimension. Determination of the vertical dimension of occlusion is needed to be in harmony with the neuromuscular system. This clinical report describes 36 year-old female patient who had chief complaint of severely worn dentition and esthetic discomfort. An increase of 2.0 mm at maxillary incisal edge was done to restore vertical dimension. It was based on the degree of tooth wear and esthetics.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2019

Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder. HHH is caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial ornithine transporter protein, which is encoded by the solute carrier family 25, member 15 (SLC25A15) gene. Recently, government supported Korean newborn screening has been expanded to include a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) measurement of ornithine level. We report a case of a neonate with HHH syndrome showing a normal MS/MS measurement of ornithine level. A female newborn was admitted to neonatal intensive unit due to familial history of HHH syndrome. Her parents were consanguineous Parkistani couple. The subject's older sister was diagnosed with HHH syndrome at age of 30 months based on altered mental status and liver dysfunction. Even though the subject displayed normal ammonia and ornithine levels based on MS/MS analysis, a molecular test confirmed the diagnosis of HHH syndrome. At 1 month of age, amino acid analysis of blood and urine showed high levels of ornithine and homocitrulline. After 11 months of follow up, she showed normal growth and development, whereas affected sister showed progressive cognitive impairment despite no further hyperammonemia after protein restriction and standard therapy. Our report is in agreement with a previous Canadian study, which showed that neonatal samples from HHH syndrome patients demonstrate normal ornithine levels despite having known mutations. Considering the delayed rise of ornithine in affected patients, genetic testing, and repetitive metabolic testing is needed to prevent patient loss in high risk patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.849-856
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• 2018

Diarrhea is one of the main disorders which cause the highest level mortality of the post-weaning economic animal. Beech-wood creosote has been used as a traditional anti-diarrheic medicament for a long time. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Beech-wood on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in rats. Twelve 4-week-old rats were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with none (CON), 0.5% apramycin (ANTI), 0.4% creosote (Creo 0.4), or 0.8% creosote (Creo 0.8) for 4 weeks following 1 week of adaptation period to the respective diet. Average daily gain was not influenced by the dietary treatment whereas average daily feed intake was greatest for the Creo 0.8 group. In the intestinal microbiota at the level of the phylum, the percentage of Firmicutes bacteria decreased but Bacteroidetes increased in the Creo 0.8 group vs. Control, which resulted in a decreased F/B ratio for the former (p<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of Lachnospiraceae was greater at the level of the family for the Creo 0.8 group than for Control, but the percentages of Turicibacter and Clostridium disporicum were less in the former (p<0.01) at the genus and species levels, respectively. Collectively, the present results indicate that dietary supplementation of creosote increases the feed intake and also influence the intestinal microbiota in rats.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.376-383
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• 2006

Pine needle(Pinus densiflora sieb, et zucc) extract has been used to improve cardiovascular disorders, detoxification of nicotine, the infirmities of age and curing diseases of unidentified symptoms. It has various useful components including amino acids, vitamin C, terpenoids and chlorophyll. In this study we have identified 8 different yeast strains that are developed spontaneously causing self fermentation in the extract. The self-fermented pine extract(SFPE) inhibited the growth of some bacterial strains like E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The SFPE($0.2{\mu}{\ell}/ml{\sim}0.3{\mu}{\ell}/ml$) showed 90% NBT superoxide scavenging activities which is similar for all tested samples of different ages. The 7 years old SFPE(0.15 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml) caused relaxation of spontaneous contraction and relaxation rhythm of thoracic arterial tissues from rat. Therefore, SFPE has useful effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant and improved blood circulation and could be a good source of functional food development.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.828-836
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• 2012

The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of the extracts isolated from the fruit body of Flammulina velutipes cultivated with oriental herbal plants on mouse splenocytes, B cells, and macrophages in vitro. The ethanol extracts B (EEB) directly induced the proliferation of spleen cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis. The EEB also increased the proliferation of B cells in a dose-dependent manner. The production of immunoglobulin M, G1, G2a, G2b, and IgG3 in the presence of the EEB increased progressively in the culture supernatant. When the EEB were used in macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) stimulation, there was a marked induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner and an increased IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and GM-CSF synthesis. Intraperitoneal injection with EBB showed life prolongation effect of 16.1% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma-180, respectively. These results suggest that the capacity of the EEB isolated from the fruit body of Flammulina velutipes cultivated with oriental herbal plants seems to act as a potent immunomodulator causing augmentation of immune cell activity, and with the absence of notable side-effects, Flammulina velutipes EEB could be used as a biological response modifier having possible therapeutic effects against immunological disorders. This study also showed that functional components of Flammulina velutipes were possibly improved by incorporating oriental herbal plants in a growth medium.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.595-610
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• 2011

It is hard to understand the coexistence of giftedness and disorder in an individual, but the twice-exceptional is widely recognized now. Gifted autistic spectrum disorder is one of its subtypes in which giftedness exists with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) simultaneously. Like other constructs including giftedness, the nature of gifted ASD has not been understood in a fundamental and wholistic manner. This paper suggests a cognitive mechanism of gifted ASD based on the integrated model of human abilities(Song, 2009; Song & Porath, 2005), which explains how giftedness coexists with ASD and interacts with each other, producing the characteristics of gifted individuals with ASD. According to the suggested mechanism, the excessive growth of mental spaces in the brain may cause ASD. The over-grown mental spaces result in excessively strong short-term sensory memory and better facility of processing, promoting internal cognitive activities on one hand, but relative lack of cognitive activities in the real world space results in ASD symptoms on the other hand. The cognitive structure of gifted ASD students also contributes to the presentation of giftedness in specific domains. This study suggests that gifted individuals with ASD need to be discouraged from fully engaging in domains they are interested in or the most confident of, rather to be encouraged to invest their giftedness to overcome their ASD symptoms. This study also provides new perspectives on theoretical and educational approaches for gifted ASD.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1993

Vitamin B6(pyridoxine, pyridoxamine. and pyridoxal) is a dietary requirement in relatively small quantities for growth, health, and function in animals and fish. The metabolically active B6 is pyridoxal-5-phosphate(PLP). It does function as a coenzyme in number of enzymes(PLP-dependent enzymes) in which amino acids are metabolized, including decarboxylases, aminotransferases, sulfhydrases, tryptophanase, and hydroxylases. Vitamin B6 requirement is higher for fish because fish are fed much higher protein diet than land animals. B6 is also involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids and essential for the synthesis of heme and serotonin. Deficiency signs in fish develop quickly, in cluding nervous disorders, convulsions, poor swimming coordination, skin lesions, edema, exophthalmos, and tetany. The conversion of vitamin B6 to metabolically active form(PLP) is catalyzed by pyridoxal kinase and pridoxine(pyridoxamine) oxidase. In this review, we summarized in detail the enzymatic studies on vitamin B6 metabolism and about the mechanisms and properties of a PLP-dependent enzyme.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

Background and Objectives There was no clinical data except literary study on mutual correlation with autistic disorder in Western medical diagnosis and five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) in Oriental medical diagnosis. This study was performed to investigate the correlation of five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) to the children with autistic disorder and to set the time table for clinical diagnosis of developmental retardation by making a comparative study of normal developmental children so we can treat the children with autistic disorder in good time. Method We made the comparative study of interview sheets recorded by parents of total 163 children who were diagnosed as autistic disorder who visited HaeMa Oriental Medical Clinic with interview sheets recorded by parents of generally accepted normal developmental children(263) and then we took statistics. Results : 1. There was significant correlation with speech and walking among five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) in autistic disorder statistically and clinically in comparison with normal children. 2. There wasn't significant correlation with growth time of tooth among five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) on diagnosis of autistic disorder in comparison with normal children. 3. There was significant correlation with retardation of times going to toilet by oneself (it does not consist in five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲).) in both of autistic disorder. Conclusion Autistic disorder was significantly correlated with the faculty of speech(語遲), retardation in walking out(行遲) of five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲). We need to concrete the index of diagnosis, because it is so difficult to measure times and register retardation in tooth eruption(齒遲), retardation in hair-growing(髮遲), debility of neck and nape(頭項軟), flaccidity of extremities(手軟) and flaccidity of muscle(肌肉軟). And we can also use times going to toilet by oneself as one of diagnostic criteria because of its significant correlation. It is required to make early diagnosis of five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) using these criteria, and to treat them early by oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.267-297
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• 2017

The anatomical structure of the brain reflects a great amount of information about an individual's cognitive ability. The present study reviewed research on developmental changes in brain structure in relation to biological maturation and intellectual growth focusing on children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to achieve an understanding of how children and adolescents' brain matures with development and also to examine whether individual differences in intelligence influences the development of brain structure. The first section introduces methods of measurement and analysis of brain structure, such as voxel-based morphometry and structural covariance. The second section reviews studies on the biological maturation of the brain and variables that influence brain development such as sex, environmental factors, and mental disorders, etc. The third section introduces the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of intelligence and reviews studies on the association between intelligence and developmental changes of the brain, including changes in structural covariance and functional connectivity. We conclude with a discussion on educational/clinical implications of this work and directions for future studies.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.457-463
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• 2020

Purpose: To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months. Methods: This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire. Examination of vitamin D, zinc, albumin, and ferritin levels was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine risk factors for stunting and to assess the relationship between nutritional levels and stunting. Results: The incidence of stunting was highest in children aged 12-36 months. Children with low weight and very low weight for age comprised of 55% and 22.5%, respectively, of the study participants. The highest mother's educational level was junior high school (40%). History of low birth weight (LBW) was more commonly observed in the stunting group than that in the control group (25.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p=0.034, odds ratio, 0.310 [95% confidence interval, 0.122-0.789]). Approximately 7.5% of cases had premature birth. Exclusive breast feeding was found to be not correlated with stunting. The mean zinc level in the stunting group was 34.17 ng/mL, which was different from that in the control group (50.83 ng/mL) (p=0.023). Blood ferritin, vitamin D, albumin, and calcium levels were not strongly correlated with stunting. Conclusion: LBW is the main risk factor contributing to stunting and is strongly associated with low zinc level.