• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.760-767
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• 2020

Sustainable growth of hydroelectric power plants is expected in consideration of climate change and energy security. However, hydroelectric power plants always have a risk of water hammer damage, and safety assurance is very important. The water hammer phenomenon commonly occurs during operations such as rapid opening and closing of the valves and pump/turbine shutdown in pipe systems, which is more common in cases of emergency shutdown. In this study, a computational numerical model was developed using the MOC-FDM scheme to reflect the mechanism of water hammer occurrence. The proposed model was implemented in boundary conditions such as reservoir, pipeline, valve, and pump/turbine conditions and then applied to simulate hypothetical case studies. The analysis results of the model were verified using the analysis results at the main points of the pipe systems. The model produced reasonably good performance and was validated by comparison with the results of the SIMSEN package model. The model could be used as an efficient tool for the safety assessment of hydroelectric power plants based on accurate prediction of transient behavior in the operation of hydropower facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.480-489
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• 2020

Controversy and legal disputes over counterfeit fashion designs have recently arisen in the fashion industry. The purpose of this study is to examine cases of counterfeiting disputes over fashion designs, and how the perception of counterfeit fashion designs is fostered from the learner's point of view, suggesting implications for the counterfeiting problem. As a result of this study, first, counterfeiting disputes over fashion design started from a lack of utilization of the Design Protection Act and the ambiguity in counterfeit design criteria. Second, the negative perceptions of counterfeit designs were mainly about unethical behavior, inhibiting the growth of the fashion industry, and reducing consumers' willingness to buy the genuine article. Positive perceptions were mainly about the process of creation, the promotion of a developmental environment for the fashion industry, and the expansion of opportunities to promote new designs. The most common perception was the absence of clear criteria for judgments about counterfeiting. Third, the implications of the counterfeiting problem in fashion design require effective institutional improvement in the fashion industry, the establishment of standards to deal with counterfeiting, the development and practical introduction of education proposals regarding intellectual property rights, and changing the perception of counterfeiting in the fashion industry.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.387-407
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• 2005

This paper is to study globalization motives and strategies of Japanese and Korean industries by analyzing the causes and patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) of the firms of the two countries during the 1980s and 1990s. First we develop a FDI function from the profit maximizing model of firms. Then we use regression analysis to determine internally driving-out factors and externally-inducing factors. Japanese FDI strategy has gone through three different stages; from natural resource-seeking investment in the 1950s and 1960s to market-expansion investment in the 1970s and 1980s and to a combination of cost-reducing (low-cost labor-seeking) investment and market-penetrating investment in the 1990s. On the other hand, Korean FDI behavior has gone through four different stages; from the learning stage with small investments in the 1970s, to natural resource-seeking investment in the early and mid 1980s, to the growth stage in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, to the maturity stage of the mid and late 1990s. The last two stages were characterized by a combination of cost-reducing investment and market-seeking investment. As a late comer, Korea began its FDI two decades later than Japan, but caught up the patterns of Japanese FDI by the mid 1990s and is in a competing position with Japan. Our findings show that both Japanese FDI and Korean FDI in Asia and other developing countries tendto be in labor-intensive sectors where their firms are losing their comparative advantages at home. The main motive for FDI into these regions is low-cost resource seeking. On the other hand, both Japanese FDI and Korean FDI in the U.S. and Europe tend to be knowledge-intensive sectors where Japanese and Korean firms attempt to internalize transaction and information costs by globalizing its production. The main motive for FDI into these regions is market-seeking. Firms in both countries have increased their investments in Mexico and Western and Eastern Europe in order to penetrate large economic blocs such as the EU and NAFTA area. Korean firms are more aggressive in expanding into new and untested markets than are their counterpart in Japan. Evidence of this can be seen in the scarcity of Japanese FDI and abundance of Korean FDI in Eastern Europe and China.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 1989

Ossifying fibroma is a relatively slow growing tumor, and likely to have presented for some years before its clinical diognosis. The usually well circumscribed nature of ossifying fibroma in jaws lends itself to relative ease of excision and hence the favorable therapeutic results. On occasion, however, particulary in juvenile patient, if maxilla the tumor assumes an aggressive behavior. In that case, because the tumor grows invasively, resection with a margin of healthy tissue is indicated. The case presented is 34 - year old female. The patient had noticed a gradual swelling of the right side of the face approximately 2 months in duration correlation with a intermittent pain on the right maxillary molar area. Palpation disclosed firm swelling on the right anterior and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus extended to the maxillary tuberosity area. The radiographic examination revealed soft tissue mass with multiple dense round calcifications with destruction of anterior and posterolateral wall of the right maxillary sinus and right alveolar process, and hard palate. The mass totally obliterated maxillary sinus and extended to the pterygopalatine fossa. The histologic diagnosis from the biopsied specimen revealed ossifying fibroma. The tumor mass was resected by subtotal maxillectomy procedure due to a recent rapid infiltrative growth. In 5 months of postoperative follow - up period, the patient has favorable prognosis.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.50
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• pp.239-246
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• 2006

KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT) was recently constructed through the site investigation from the yea. of 2003 at KAERI site, Dukjin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon city. The geo-logic setting of the site has been slightly metamorphosed. There are small fractures developed in the rock and several kinds of secondary filling minerals exist in the fractures. We examined mineralogical characteristics of fracture-filling calcite, which is not only largely distributed, but also can significantly affect the radionuclides migration. The calcite is found along fractures like other secondary minerals, forming thick veins in part. Most calcite-filled fractures contain quartz, iron oxides, and dolomite as minor minerals. The calcite crystals show an characteristic appearance with an uniformly oriented growth, coated with goethite on the edge and the etch-pit sites of their surface. Some calcite crystals have been newly formed by the precipitation of elements dissolved from the tunnel shotcrete wall, and their morphology changed according to the chemistry and flow of groundwater. The calcite can modify the groundwater chemistry and significantly affect the sorption behavior of radionuclides. The characteristic crystal structure and surface morphology of the calcite examined in the KURT site will be used as important basic data for the radionuclide migration experiment in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.577-591
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of the body image recognition, food habits, food behaviors and nutrient intake according to the obesity index(underweight-, normal-, obese group) in children(aged 10.8 ys, 47 boys, 33 girls). Subjects were eva1uated based an anthrofometric measurement and questionnaries including food record diary in Changwon. The results are summarized as follows. The weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference and birth weight except height showed a significant difference between the three groups(p<0.001). The waist and hip circumference showed the possibility of being a predictor of obesity in children. The children's obesity was related to mother's weight(p<0.01), but not to father's. Ninety percent of the obese group, 47.8% of the normal group, and 37.8% of the underweight group preferred a thinner figure than their current status. The underweight group did more exercise regularly than the other groups. The underweight and obese groups had more irregular meal times and foster eating habits compared to the normal group. Most of subjects(89.9%) had an overeating habit, and tole ratio of the overeating habit increased with obesity. Fifty five percent of the subjects clad the habit of skipping meals, mainly breakfast. 46.8% of the subjects ate snacks more than twice per a day, the underweight and obese groups had snacks more of than the normal group. The preferred snack was 'cookies'and 'fruits ＆ juices'. 53.8% of the subjects had a prejudice for special food(especially 'pulses'(37.9%) and 'vegetables'(31.0%)). The assessment scores of food behaviors was relatively low in most of the subjects. Most nutrient intakes, except vitamin B$_1$, C and phosphate, were lower than those of Korean RDA. The nutrient intake of the normal group was higher than the underweight and obese groups. The results of this study showed some nutritional problems, which indicates the need for nutritional management for the children. To educate children, who are able to change their food habits and lifestyle, each means to help healthy growth and to help them become healthy adults.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - Due to the heavy reliance on the human dependence, several factors such as attitude, behavior, emotional status and the quality of the service by the employees have been a decisive effect on the existence of a business in service industry. This study made use of the cases from the beauty salons in Korea, and tried to find out the meaningful results with following purposes. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of psychological ownership with focusing on the employees in service industry. Therefore, this study is based on the literature reviews in the fields of psychological ownership, regulatory focus, and customer satisfaction. In particular, this study focuses on the regulatory focus with two parts. The two parts are composed of the promotion focus and prevention focus. Also, the relationship between the regulatory focus on employee and customer satisfaction was identified through empirical study. Mediating effects of regulatory focus were also studied, that is, the regulatory focus was on the relationship between psychological ownership and customer satisfaction. In conclusion, practical and intellectual implications were discussed for the growth and development in service industry. Research design, data & methodology - The survey for this study was conducted from November 15th to December 15th in 2015. The same amount of survey was given to both, the service providers and customers. For both of them, such as the service providers and customers, 260 questionnaires were distributed to them in total. After excluding the missing and unreliable responses for the exact analysis and process, 250 responses were collected and used in the research analysis. This study conducted a survey questionnaires, and the confirmatory analysis was used for the reliability and validity in this study. SPSS & AMOS programs were used for the analysis. Results - The first variable that was looked at from this study is the psychological ownership. The psychological ownership had positive effects on the performance both in improving focus and prevention focus. It indicates that this study supports the results from the previous studies. Second, the effects on the performance in improving focus and prevention focus for customer satisfaction were studied. As a result, the performance in improving focus had positive effect on customer satisfaction, but prevention focus did not have any positive effect. Third, this study looked at the mediating effect of regulatory focus on the relationship between the psychological ownership and the customer satisfaction, and only partly, they had positive effects on customer satisfaction. Conclusions - The results of this study showed that the psychological ownership has positive effects on regulatory focus both in performance improving focus and prevention focus. However, the mediating effects had partial positive effects on customer satisfaction and these results indicate that the service enterprises should focus on the employees' psychological ownership in order to maximize the customers' satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2003

Zn electrode was widely used as an anode material in alkaline battery systems in highly concentrated KOH electrolyte, however it was well known that its cycle life is significantly shortened by growth of dendrite due to the high dissolution of $Zn(OH)_2$ and rapid electrochemical reaction. In this study when by the additives such as $Ca(OH)_2$, Citrate, tartrate and Gluconate were added to $40\%$ KOH electrolyte at solution temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ and the amount of $5wt\%\;Pb_3O_4$ was mixed to Zn electrode and then the effect of $Pb_3O_4$ and additives on the electrochemical behavior of Zn electrode was investigated by Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Accelerated Life Cycle lest, and SEM image analyses. The addition of $Pb_3O_4$ reduced the corrosion rate of Zn electrode. The corrosion potential of Zn electrode with $Pb_3O_4$ was higher or lower than that of pure Zn electrode however was not influenced practically to the open circuit voltage. And the addition of 4 type additives had an important role in improving both cycle life in accelerated cycle life test and corrosion resistance. Furthermore the additive of Tartrate indicated comparatively a good effect to corrosion resistance as well as charging-discharging property Improvement among those four type additives.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.1-25
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• 2016

This study aims to study the relationship and narrative structure through types of conscious shown through characters of animation. Regardless of professional knowledge, animation viewers are able to decide sympathy cognitively during watching. There are previous studies examining elements regarding the sympathy felt by viewers, "how much sympathy one feels about the story" conveyed by character is one of the most significant element. "Sympathizing" is reacting to the emotion of character, which does not concentrate on visual phenomenon revealing from appearance and mise en scene, but from "conscious" establishing relationship from behavior and practice. In other words, it starts from in-depth insight regarding the types of conscious and relationship between characters. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze the types of conscious of main character Simon of Japanese animation which was aired in Korea in 27 episodes, and analyze how it conducted meaning structuralization of relationship with surrounding characters in the growth process of every episode. When analyzing the animation, the study concentrated on analyzing the conscious formation process of character, completeness of relationship and structure rather than the plot or power of delivery of direction, to insist that animation should not only convey humor or fun but secure the in-dept self discernment.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2003

Recently, according to the rapid progress in Flat-panel-display industry, there has been a growing interest in the poly-Si process. Compared with a-Si, poly-Si offers significantly high carrier mobility, so it has many advantages to high response rate in Thin Film Transistors (TFT's). We have investigated a new process for the high temperature Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) of a-Si films without any damages on glass substrates using thin film heater. because the thin film heater annealing method is a very rapid thermal process, it has very low thermal budget compared to the conventional furnace annealing. therefore it has some characteristics such as selective area crystallization, high temperature annealing using glass substrates. A 500 $\AA$-thick a-Si film was crystallized by the heat transferred from the resistively heated thin film heaters through $SiO_2$ intermediate layer. a 1000 $\AA$-thick $TiSi_2$ thin film confined to have 15 $\textrm{mm}^{-1}$ length and various line width from 200 to 400 $\mu\textrm{m}$ was used as the thin film heater. By this method, we successfully crystallized 500 $\AA$-thick a-Si thin films at a high temperature estimated above $850^{\circ}C$ in a few seconds without any thermal deformation of g1ass substrates. These surprising results were due to the very small thermal budget of the thin film heaters and rapid thermal behavior such as fast heating and cooling. Moreover, we investigated the time dependency of the SPC of a-Si films by observing the crystallization phenomena at every 20 seconds during annealing process. We suggests the individual managements of nucleation and grain growth steps of poly-Si in SPC of a-Si with the precise control of annealing temperature. In conclusion, we show the SPC of a-Si by the thin film heaters and many advantages of the thin film heater annealing over other processes